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𝐓𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐜: Geography & Environment

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Let's start our Mega Quiz

Q. Consider the following statements regarding Lower Arun Hydropower Project:
It is a run-of-river project.
It will function as a tailrace development of the Arun-3 project.
It involves construction of a large storage reservoir.

Q. Consider the following statements regarding Tuvalu:
It is composed mainly of coral atolls.
It has abundant freshwater rivers.
It operates under a parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy.

Q. Consider the following statements regarding Dragonflies:
They belong to the order Odonata.
They are indicators of freshwater ecosystem health.
They are primarily herbivorous in nature.

Q. Consider the following statements regarding Kendu Leaf:
It is classified as Minor Forest Produce under the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
Odisha is the largest producer of kendu leaves in India.
It is primarily used in the bidi industry due to its hygroscopic nature.

Q. Consider the following statements regarding NAMASTE Scheme:
It aims to eliminate hazardous manual cleaning of sewers and septic tanks.
It is jointly implemented by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
It targets only rural sanitation workers.

Q. Consider the following statements regarding Lower Arun Hydropower Project:
1. It is a run-of-river project.
2. It will function as a tailrace development of the Arun-3 project.
3. It involves construction of a large storage reservoir.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: It is a run-of-river (RoR) project → minimal storage, relies on natural flow.
Statement 2 is correct: It is a tailrace project:
• Uses water discharged from Arun-3
• Reflects cascade hydropower development
Statement 3 is incorrect: RoR projects do not involve large reservoirs.
Hydropower types:
• Storage → large dams
• Run-of-river → minimal storage
• Cascade → sequential reuse of water
Q. Consider the following statements regarding Tuvalu:
1. It is composed mainly of coral atolls.
2. It has abundant freshwater rivers.
3. It operates under a parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Tuvalu consists of coral atolls and reef islands, making it extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It has no rivers, due to:
• Small landmass
• Porous coral structure
Statement 3 is correct: It is a constitutional monarchy + parliamentary democracy (like many Commonwealth nations).
Small island nations:
• Lack rivers
• Depend on rainwater
• Highly climate-vulnerable
Q. Consider the following statements regarding Dragonflies:
1. They belong to the order Odonata.
2. They are indicators of freshwater ecosystem health.
3. They are primarily herbivorous in nature.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Dragonflies belong to Order Odonata, characterized by:
• Large compound eyes
• Two pairs of wings
Statement 2 is correct: They are bioindicators:
• Require clean freshwater
• Sensitive to pollution
Statement 3 is incorrect: They are carnivorous predators, feeding on:
• Mosquitoes
• Small insects

Food chain role:
• Predator → controls insect population
• Indicator → ecosystem health
Q. Consider the following statements regarding Kendu Leaf:
1. It is classified as Minor Forest Produce under the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
2. Odisha is the largest producer of kendu leaves in India.
3. It is primarily used in the bidi industry due to its hygroscopic nature.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Kendu leaf is recognized as Minor Forest Produce (MFP) under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, giving forest dwellers rights over its collection and sale. This is a crucial governance angle — linking biodiversity with tribal rights.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Odisha is not the largest producer. It is the third-largest, after:
• Madhya Pradesh
• Chhattisgarh
Statement 3 is correct: Its importance lies in:
• Hygroscopic property → prevents cracking
• Ideal for rolling bidis

Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFP):
• Economic backbone for tribal livelihoods
• Key in forest-based economy
Q. Consider the following statements regarding NAMASTE Scheme:
1. It aims to eliminate hazardous manual cleaning of sewers and septic tanks.
2. It is jointly implemented by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
3. It targets only rural sanitation workers.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: The scheme aims for:
• Zero fatalities
• Elimination of manual scavenging
• Mechanization of sanitation work
Statement 2 is correct: It is jointly implemented by:
• MoSJE (Social Justice Ministry)
• MoHUA (Urban Affairs Ministry)
Statement 3 is

incorrect: It targets urban sanitation workers, not rural.
Urban governance + social justice intersection:
• Worker dignity
• Occupational safety
• Technology-driven sanitation