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📌 UPSC Mains Model Answer
Q. Data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) show that the number of sedition cases filed has gone up every year in the last four years, but only four cases actually resulted in conviction. In light of this, discuss the usefulness of the sedition law.
(15 Marks | 250 Words)
🔹 Introduction
Sedition is an offence incorporated into the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1870 under Section 124A, dealing with acts that bring or attempt to bring hatred or contempt towards the government established by law.
🔹 Usefulness of Sedition Law
🟢 Misuse of freedom of speech: Freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) is not absolute. The law can prevent speeches or writings that provoke hostility and violence.
🟢 Internal security: It can help counter Maoist insurgency and rebel groups seeking to overthrow the established government through violence.
🟢 Combating anti-national elements: Section 124A has utility against anti-national, secessionist and terrorist elements.
🟢 Political stability: It seeks to protect the elected government from attempts to overthrow it through violence and illegal means.
🔹 Concerns Regarding Its Misuse
🟢 Improper definition: The broad definition may encompass criticism of the Constitution, legislature and administration, potentially affecting national security.
🟢 Against freedom of speech: The provision has been invoked against activists, detractors, writers and even cartoonists, raising concerns regarding Article 19(1)(a).
🟢 Preventing criticism: Strong criticism of governments, personalities or policies may be labelled as seditious, creating a chilling effect on dissent.
🟢 Colonial legacy: It was introduced by the British to suppress the freedom struggle and continues despite its colonial origins.
🟢 International conventions: Its misuse has been viewed as inconsistent with the principles of the ICCPR ratified by India.
🔹 Judicial Safeguards
🟢 Kedar Nath Singh case (1962): The Supreme Court upheld Section 124A but limited its application to acts involving incitement to violence or intention to create public disorder.
🟢 Balwant Singh case (1995): Mere raising of slogans, without an intention to incite violence or disorder, cannot constitute sedition.
🔹 Conclusion
The sedition law may have relevance for national integrity and internal security, but its application must not suppress legitimate criticism and dissent. National security should be protected while preserving constitutional freedoms and democratic accountability.
#model_Answer
Q. Data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) show that the number of sedition cases filed has gone up every year in the last four years, but only four cases actually resulted in conviction. In light of this, discuss the usefulness of the sedition law.
(15 Marks | 250 Words)
🔹 Introduction
Sedition is an offence incorporated into the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1870 under Section 124A, dealing with acts that bring or attempt to bring hatred or contempt towards the government established by law.
🔹 Usefulness of Sedition Law
🟢 Misuse of freedom of speech: Freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) is not absolute. The law can prevent speeches or writings that provoke hostility and violence.
🟢 Internal security: It can help counter Maoist insurgency and rebel groups seeking to overthrow the established government through violence.
🟢 Combating anti-national elements: Section 124A has utility against anti-national, secessionist and terrorist elements.
🟢 Political stability: It seeks to protect the elected government from attempts to overthrow it through violence and illegal means.
🔹 Concerns Regarding Its Misuse
🟢 Improper definition: The broad definition may encompass criticism of the Constitution, legislature and administration, potentially affecting national security.
🟢 Against freedom of speech: The provision has been invoked against activists, detractors, writers and even cartoonists, raising concerns regarding Article 19(1)(a).
🟢 Preventing criticism: Strong criticism of governments, personalities or policies may be labelled as seditious, creating a chilling effect on dissent.
🟢 Colonial legacy: It was introduced by the British to suppress the freedom struggle and continues despite its colonial origins.
🟢 International conventions: Its misuse has been viewed as inconsistent with the principles of the ICCPR ratified by India.
🔹 Judicial Safeguards
🟢 Kedar Nath Singh case (1962): The Supreme Court upheld Section 124A but limited its application to acts involving incitement to violence or intention to create public disorder.
🟢 Balwant Singh case (1995): Mere raising of slogans, without an intention to incite violence or disorder, cannot constitute sedition.
🔹 Conclusion
The sedition law may have relevance for national integrity and internal security, but its application must not suppress legitimate criticism and dissent. National security should be protected while preserving constitutional freedoms and democratic accountability.
#model_Answer
❤2
Forwarded from Anmol vachan PDF
August Prelims Current Affairs .pdf
12.2 MB
August prelims current affairs anmol vachan
❤3
Forwarded from UPSC EPFO APFC Test MCQ Anmol Vachan
EPFO accelerator program ( 14 September start )
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
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Labour code notes click here 99rs(199)
English grammar notes CLICK HERE 99rs (199rs)
EPFO accelerator + labour code notes + english grammar notes
650rs( 997rs) ( 35% discount)
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
✅Pre-Enrollment Fee: ₹499 (Active Now)
Enroll - @EPFO_admin_bot
Labour code notes click here 99rs
English grammar notes CLICK HERE 99rs (
EPFO accelerator + labour code notes + english grammar notes
650rs
📌 UPSC Mains Model Question
Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology.
(15 Marks | 250 Words)
🔹 Introduction
Mangroves are salt-tolerant vegetation growing in intertidal regions of rivers and estuaries. Also called ‘tidal forests’, they form an important tropical wetland ecosystem. India has about 4,482 sq km of mangrove cover.
🔹 Causes of Mangrove Depletion
🟢 Sea-level rise & coastal erosion — Rising sea levels and continuous coastal erosion are flooding and washing away mangrove areas.
🟢 Reduction in river water — Dams reduce freshwater flow, disturbing the delicate salt–freshwater balance required by mangroves.
🟢 Clearing — Mangroves are cleared for agriculture, settlements, industries and shrimp aquaculture.
🟢 Over-harvesting — Excessive extraction for firewood, construction wood, pulp, charcoal and fodder causes degradation.
🟢 Alien species — Invasive species threaten endemic species and disturb ecological balance.
🟢 Pollution — Fertilisers, pesticides, domestic sewage and industrial effluents degrade mangrove ecosystems.
🟢 Coral-reef destruction — Loss of coral reefs exposes mangroves to stronger waves and currents.
🟢 Climate change — Unusually low rainfall and high sea-surface and air temperatures threaten mangrove survival.
🔹 Importance in Coastal Ecology
🟢 High biodiversity: Through the edge effect, mangroves support high species diversity.
🟢 Highly productive ecosystem: They are among the most productive terrestrial ecosystems.
🟢 Ecological niches: Provide breeding, feeding and nursery grounds for fisheries.
🟢 Natural filters: Trap sediments and filter water flowing towards the ocean, protecting coastal ecosystems.
🟢 Livelihood support: Provide timber, firewood, medicinal and edible plants and employment opportunities.
🟢 Shock absorbers: Reduce the impact of waves and high tides, control coastal erosion and minimise damage from cyclones and tsunamis.
🔹 Conclusion
Given their ecological and livelihood significance, strict enforcement of coastal regulations, scientific management and local-community participation are essential for sustainable mangrove conservation.
#model_Answer
Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology.
(15 Marks | 250 Words)
🔹 Introduction
Mangroves are salt-tolerant vegetation growing in intertidal regions of rivers and estuaries. Also called ‘tidal forests’, they form an important tropical wetland ecosystem. India has about 4,482 sq km of mangrove cover.
🔹 Causes of Mangrove Depletion
🟢 Sea-level rise & coastal erosion — Rising sea levels and continuous coastal erosion are flooding and washing away mangrove areas.
🟢 Reduction in river water — Dams reduce freshwater flow, disturbing the delicate salt–freshwater balance required by mangroves.
🟢 Clearing — Mangroves are cleared for agriculture, settlements, industries and shrimp aquaculture.
🟢 Over-harvesting — Excessive extraction for firewood, construction wood, pulp, charcoal and fodder causes degradation.
🟢 Alien species — Invasive species threaten endemic species and disturb ecological balance.
🟢 Pollution — Fertilisers, pesticides, domestic sewage and industrial effluents degrade mangrove ecosystems.
🟢 Coral-reef destruction — Loss of coral reefs exposes mangroves to stronger waves and currents.
🟢 Climate change — Unusually low rainfall and high sea-surface and air temperatures threaten mangrove survival.
🔹 Importance in Coastal Ecology
🟢 High biodiversity: Through the edge effect, mangroves support high species diversity.
🟢 Highly productive ecosystem: They are among the most productive terrestrial ecosystems.
🟢 Ecological niches: Provide breeding, feeding and nursery grounds for fisheries.
🟢 Natural filters: Trap sediments and filter water flowing towards the ocean, protecting coastal ecosystems.
🟢 Livelihood support: Provide timber, firewood, medicinal and edible plants and employment opportunities.
🟢 Shock absorbers: Reduce the impact of waves and high tides, control coastal erosion and minimise damage from cyclones and tsunamis.
🔹 Conclusion
Given their ecological and livelihood significance, strict enforcement of coastal regulations, scientific management and local-community participation are essential for sustainable mangrove conservation.
#model_Answer
❤2
Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2027
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COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF FACULTY : Cleared UPSC Prelims 30 times | Mains 30 times | 4 Final Selections (AIR 63, 77, 89 & 96)
• Test Series Schedule : click here
• Free Test Available : click here
• Test Series Admission : Enroll now
🌟 Limited Period Offer | Grab it at just Rs 499 /- (
• Connect with Toppers : click here
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UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
Fast-Track Your Selection with 4000+ High-Yield MCQs!
Program Highlights:
✅Daily 9 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30+ targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅Comprehensive Coverage: Master State PSC PYQs (UPPSC, OPSC, RAS, GPSC, CGPSC, MPSC, MPPSC, KAS, JKPSC) + Current Affairs + Statics.
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📌 UPSC Mains Model Answer
Q. Discuss the various provisions of the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY). What are the various challenges in realising the goals of this scheme?
(15 Marks | 250 Words)
🔹 Introduction
The Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) aims to develop clean, developed and model villages through the leadership of Members of Parliament, adopting a holistic approach to rural development.
🔹 Provisions of SAGY
🟢 Village Adoption: Each MP adopts a village other than their own or their spouse’s village and subsequently develops two more villages.
🟢 Holistic Development: Focuses on human, social, economic and environmental development, along with basic amenities and good governance.
🟢 Poverty Alleviation: Emphasises empowering poor families through a planned development strategy for the Gram Panchayat.
🟢 Infrastructure: Provision of pucca houses, sanitation, piped drinking water, electricity and road connectivity.
🟢 Education: Development of smart schools, IT-enabled classrooms, e-libraries and web-based teaching.
🟢 Healthcare: Basic healthcare facilities, health cards, medical examinations and universal immunisation.
🟢 Digital Connectivity: Libraries, telecom and broadband connectivity, CCTVs and e-governance.
🟢 Social Security: Universal access to eligible families under PDS, insurance schemes and old-age, disability and widow pensions.
🟢 Personal Development: Awareness regarding hygiene, physical exercise and prevention of alcoholism, smoking and substance abuse.
🟢 Social Values: Emphasis on gender equality, women’s empowerment, dignity, social justice, cleanliness, community service, peace, harmony and eco-friendliness.
🔹 Challenges
🟢 Monitoring: MPs face difficulties in regularly monitoring diverse interventions due to the absence of an effective integrated monitoring platform.
🟢 Implementation: Effective convergence requires knowledge of numerous Central and State schemes, their provisions and implementation structures.
🟢 Fund Scarcity: SAGY lacks a dedicated fund allocation, creating difficulties in initiating and completing development works.
🟢 Coordination: Successful implementation requires convergence among Central ministries, State governments, MPLADS, private sector and other stakeholders, making coordination difficult.
🟢 Village Selection: MPs may face political dilemmas while selecting villages because voters from other villages may question the choice.
🟢 Political Will: MPs from urban constituencies may be reluctant to undertake development outside their constituency due to limited direct political benefits.
🔹 Conclusion
SAGY provides an opportunity to promote bottom-up and participatory rural development. Strengthening funding mechanisms, digital monitoring, inter-governmental coordination and political ownership, along with greater private-sector participation, can help transform adopted villages into sustainable models of Su-Raj (good governance).
#model_Answer
Q. Discuss the various provisions of the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY). What are the various challenges in realising the goals of this scheme?
(15 Marks | 250 Words)
🔹 Introduction
The Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) aims to develop clean, developed and model villages through the leadership of Members of Parliament, adopting a holistic approach to rural development.
🔹 Provisions of SAGY
🟢 Village Adoption: Each MP adopts a village other than their own or their spouse’s village and subsequently develops two more villages.
🟢 Holistic Development: Focuses on human, social, economic and environmental development, along with basic amenities and good governance.
🟢 Poverty Alleviation: Emphasises empowering poor families through a planned development strategy for the Gram Panchayat.
🟢 Infrastructure: Provision of pucca houses, sanitation, piped drinking water, electricity and road connectivity.
🟢 Education: Development of smart schools, IT-enabled classrooms, e-libraries and web-based teaching.
🟢 Healthcare: Basic healthcare facilities, health cards, medical examinations and universal immunisation.
🟢 Digital Connectivity: Libraries, telecom and broadband connectivity, CCTVs and e-governance.
🟢 Social Security: Universal access to eligible families under PDS, insurance schemes and old-age, disability and widow pensions.
🟢 Personal Development: Awareness regarding hygiene, physical exercise and prevention of alcoholism, smoking and substance abuse.
🟢 Social Values: Emphasis on gender equality, women’s empowerment, dignity, social justice, cleanliness, community service, peace, harmony and eco-friendliness.
🔹 Challenges
🟢 Monitoring: MPs face difficulties in regularly monitoring diverse interventions due to the absence of an effective integrated monitoring platform.
🟢 Implementation: Effective convergence requires knowledge of numerous Central and State schemes, their provisions and implementation structures.
🟢 Fund Scarcity: SAGY lacks a dedicated fund allocation, creating difficulties in initiating and completing development works.
🟢 Coordination: Successful implementation requires convergence among Central ministries, State governments, MPLADS, private sector and other stakeholders, making coordination difficult.
🟢 Village Selection: MPs may face political dilemmas while selecting villages because voters from other villages may question the choice.
🟢 Political Will: MPs from urban constituencies may be reluctant to undertake development outside their constituency due to limited direct political benefits.
🔹 Conclusion
SAGY provides an opportunity to promote bottom-up and participatory rural development. Strengthening funding mechanisms, digital monitoring, inter-governmental coordination and political ownership, along with greater private-sector participation, can help transform adopted villages into sustainable models of Su-Raj (good governance).
#model_Answer
❤4
Forwarded from UPSC EPFO APFC Test MCQ Anmol Vachan
EPFO accelerator program ( 14 September start )
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
✅Pre-Enrollment Fee: ₹499 (Active Now)
✅Standard Fee: ₹599
Enroll - @EPFO_admin_bot
Labour code notes click here 99rs(199)
English grammar notes CLICK HERE 99rs (199rs)
EPFO accelerator + labour code notes + english grammar notes
650rs( 997rs) ( 35% discount)
✅Daily 10 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30 targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅30 MCQ with details explanation ( maths reasoning 15 MCQ without explanation)
✅ subject cover - English, Current Affairs, Maths, Reasoning, Science
Computer, Labour Law, Industrial Relations, Social Security, Accounting, Auditing, Insurance, History & Culture, Polity, Economy
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 3000+ MCQs.
✅Pre-Enrollment Fee: ₹499 (Active Now)
Enroll - @EPFO_admin_bot
Labour code notes click here 99rs
English grammar notes CLICK HERE 99rs (
EPFO accelerator + labour code notes + english grammar notes
650rs
Anmol vachan Short Notes THAT SAVE YOUR TIME!
UPSC Mains shorts notes
✅ Modern history - 99(199) 46 pages CLICK HERE
✅Ethics - 99rs199 -41 pages CLICK HERE
✅Society 99rs199 - 40 pages CLICK HERE
Society hindi medium CLICK HERE
✅World history -99rs199- 29 pagesCLICK HERE
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✅ Ancient history - 31 pages 79rs (150rs)
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✅ Medieval history 24 pages 79 (150rs)
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✅ English grammar 50 pages 99rs (199rs)
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✅ BPSC prelims accelerator click here
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UPSC Mains shorts notes
✅ Modern history - 99
✅Ethics - 99rs
✅Society 99rs
Society hindi medium CLICK HERE
✅World history -99rs
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2 - 190rs
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UPSC prelims
✅ Ancient history - 31 pages 79rs (
CLICK HERE
✅ Medieval history 24 pages 79 (
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✅ English grammar 50 pages 99rs (
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
SPECIAL GANESH CHATURTHI DISCOUNT: FLAT ₹100 OFF - LOWEST PRICE!
UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
Fast-Track Your Selection with 4000+ High-Yield MCQs!
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✅Daily 9 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30+ targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅Comprehensive Coverage: Master State PSC PYQs (UPPSC, OPSC, RAS, GPSC, CGPSC, MPSC, MPPSC, KAS, JKPSC) + Current Affairs + Statics.
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
✅Massive Question Bank: Gain access to a total of 4000+ MCQs.
✅Fee: Only ₹699 GANESH CHATURTHI: ₹599 (Flat ₹100 OFF!)
⚠️ LIMITED SEATS AVAILABLE – Secure Your Spot Today!
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UPPSC & SPSC Prelims Accelerator Program
Fast-Track Your Selection with 4000+ High-Yield MCQs!
Program Highlights:
✅Daily 9 PM Bot Quiz: Practice 30+ targeted MCQs every day (Sunday OFF).
✅Comprehensive Coverage: Master State PSC PYQs (UPPSC, OPSC, RAS, GPSC, CGPSC, MPSC, MPPSC, KAS, JKPSC) + Current Affairs + Statics.
✅Structured Preparation: Full syllabus schedule included to keep you on track.
✅24/7 Revision: Missed the quiz? MCQs are available anytime for seamless revision.
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🔆 How do Smart Cities in India address urban poverty and distributive justice?
📍 Introduction
✅ Smart Cities Mission (2015) aims to make cities inclusive, sustainable and technology-driven.
✅ It addresses urban poverty and distributive justice by ensuring equitable access to housing, services and opportunities for marginalized sections.
📍 How Smart Cities Address Urban Poverty
✅ Affordable Housing
➡️ Convergence with Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban provides affordable houses to EWS and LIG groups.
➡️ Slum redevelopment ensures better housing, sanitation and dignity.
✅ Access to Basic Services
➡️ Smart water supply, sewage, waste management and street lighting are extended to poorer localities.
➡️ Reduces disparity in access to civic amenities.
✅ Affordable and Inclusive Mobility
➡️ Public transport, e-buses, metro systems and bicycle-sharing reduce travel costs for the urban poor.
➡️ Chandigarh has one of India’s largest Public Bicycle Sharing systems.
✅ Digital Inclusion
➡️ E-governance platforms improve access to welfare schemes, healthcare, education and grievance redressal.
➡️ Digital services empower the poor with information and easier service delivery.
✅ Employment and Livelihood
➡️ Smart cities promote skill centres, vocational training and job hubs.
➡️ Creates livelihood opportunities and improves social mobility.
✅ Inclusive Public Spaces
➡️ Smart cities develop accessible parks, roads and public spaces for women, elderly and differently-abled persons.
➡️ Visakhapatnam has developed an “All-Abilities” park.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Thus, smart cities promote distributive justice by ensuring that the benefits of urban development reach poorer and vulnerable sections.
✅ Inclusive planning and equitable access are essential for reducing urban poverty.
#Answer
https://t.me/CSE_MAINS_PYQ
📍 Introduction
✅ Smart Cities Mission (2015) aims to make cities inclusive, sustainable and technology-driven.
✅ It addresses urban poverty and distributive justice by ensuring equitable access to housing, services and opportunities for marginalized sections.
📍 How Smart Cities Address Urban Poverty
✅ Affordable Housing
➡️ Convergence with Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban provides affordable houses to EWS and LIG groups.
➡️ Slum redevelopment ensures better housing, sanitation and dignity.
✅ Access to Basic Services
➡️ Smart water supply, sewage, waste management and street lighting are extended to poorer localities.
➡️ Reduces disparity in access to civic amenities.
✅ Affordable and Inclusive Mobility
➡️ Public transport, e-buses, metro systems and bicycle-sharing reduce travel costs for the urban poor.
➡️ Chandigarh has one of India’s largest Public Bicycle Sharing systems.
✅ Digital Inclusion
➡️ E-governance platforms improve access to welfare schemes, healthcare, education and grievance redressal.
➡️ Digital services empower the poor with information and easier service delivery.
✅ Employment and Livelihood
➡️ Smart cities promote skill centres, vocational training and job hubs.
➡️ Creates livelihood opportunities and improves social mobility.
✅ Inclusive Public Spaces
➡️ Smart cities develop accessible parks, roads and public spaces for women, elderly and differently-abled persons.
➡️ Visakhapatnam has developed an “All-Abilities” park.
📍 Conclusion
✅ Thus, smart cities promote distributive justice by ensuring that the benefits of urban development reach poorer and vulnerable sections.
✅ Inclusive planning and equitable access are essential for reducing urban poverty.
#Answer
https://t.me/CSE_MAINS_PYQ
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