All You need to Know about Digital Currency
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👆Gwalior Fort ----- The Fort with a Mathematics Milestone! represents the second oldest record of "zero" in the world

👆The world's oldest carved zero!

✅On a wall of Chaturbhuj temple (9th CE , temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu ) in Gwalior Fort , Madhya Pradesh , is a plaque, dates back to c. 875 CE , which has a circle, considered as the earliest representation of the number zero in the world.

✅ The plaque mentions a land grant of 270 hastas (a unit of measure used for land ) for a flower garden as well as a daily grant of 50 flower garlands.

👆Number '50'

✅The surprising results of the first-ever radiocarbon dating conducted on the
Bakhshali manuscript , a seminal mathematical text which contains hundreds of zeroes

👆A Map of Ancient India showing the area of Peshawar where Bakhshali manuscript was found in 1881.

✅ Bakhshali manuscript was found in a village called Bakhshali, near Peshawar, now a region of Pakistan.

✅It was found by a local farmer and was acquired by the Indologist AFR Hoernle, who presented it to the Bodleian Library in 1902, where it has been kept since then.

✅ It consists of 70 pages of birch bark, a common writing material before the advent of paper.

✅Translations indicate that it may have been used by Silk Road merchants practicing arithmetic. 


✅A large part of the manuscript had been destroyed and only about 70 leaves of birch bark, of which a few were mere scraps, survived to the time of its discovery

✅Symbol in the Bakhshali manuscript is particularly significant for two reasons👇

1) Firstly, it is this dot that evolved to have a hollow centre and became the symbol that we use as zero today.


2) Secondly, it was only in India that this zero developed into a number in its own , hence creating the concept and the number zero that we understand today – this happened in 628 CE, just a few centuries after the Bakhshali manuscript was produced, when the Indian astronomer and mathematician Brahmagupta wrote a text called Brahmasphutasiddhanta, which is the first document to discuss zero as a number.

📚PRELIMS FACT BOOSTER

Topic : Governance/bodies

Narcotics Control Bureau :

* Model drug law enforcement and intelligence agency of India

* Responsible for fighting drug trafficking and abuse of illegal substances.

* Hq - New Delhi

* Under Ministry of Home affairs

* NCB was created in 1986 to enable full implementation of the Narcotics Drug & Psychotrophic Substances Act, 1985.

* The DG of NCB is generally an IPS or IRS officer.

* NCB is also represented on the "Economic Intelligence Council" (EIC)

* Recent News - (2020-2022)

1. SIMS -

The Narcotics Control Bureau has developed a software "Seizure Information Management System" (SIMS), that creates a complete online database of drug offenses and offenders.

2. Operation Trance -

* The NCB was also a part of the global "Operation TRANCE", which was a joint intelligence gathering action on international Postal, Express mail and courier shipments containing psychotropic drugs.

Q.1693) Consider the following statements with reference to summoning of the house.

1. After the conclusion of every session, the President must summon the Houses to meet for the next session within 6 months.

2. The Dept. of Parliamentary Affairs intimates the proposed date of commencement & duration of a session to the Secretaries-Generals of LS and RS.

3. The Secretaries - Generals issue summons to members individually.