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Lesson 07 page 51 Arabic Course Book 2
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Lesson 07 page 52 Arabic Course Book 2
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Lesson 07 page 53-54 Arabic Course Book 2
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Let us Learn about Kana and Sisters (1) كان و أخواتها
The Nominal sentence consists of two parts; the subject (Mubtada) and the predicate (Khabar).
Both parts of the nominal sentence are always in the Nominative (Marfo’) Case حالة الرفع .
The Nominative Case means that the noun often has a Dammah or a Damm Tanween on its ending.
Today, we will learn some special verbs that change the noun case in the nominal sentence.
Kana and its sisters are a group of thirteen (13) verbs that come with the nominative sentence.
What was Mubtada in the nominative sentence becomes the Noun (Ism اسم) of Kana and its sisters.
What was Khabar in the nominative sentence becomes the Khabar of Kana and its sisters.
Kana and its sisters are called Incomplete Verbs أفعال ناقصة because they always need a predicate; (Khabar), to complete the meaning.
Kana and sisters are also called أفعال ناسخة because they change the Khabar’s case from nominative (Raf’e) حالة الرفع to accusative (Nassb) حالة النصب . So, the predicate of Kana and sisters always has a Fat’ha (or Tanween) on its ending.
These verbs are:كانَ / أصبحَ / أضحى / ظلَّ / أمسى / باتَ / صارَ / ليسَ / ما زالَ / ما برحَ / ما انفكَّ / ما فتئَ / ما دامَ
Ex. – كان الجوُ جميلاً بالأمس = The weather was beautiful yesterday.
– كانَ : A past verb Mabni on the Fat’h
– الجوُ : Ism of Kana Marfo’ with a dammah
– جميلاً : Khabar of kana mansoub with a Fat’ha
– الباء : a preposition
– الأمسِ : Ism Majroor by the Kasrah.
The Nominal sentence consists of two parts; the subject (Mubtada) and the predicate (Khabar).
Both parts of the nominal sentence are always in the Nominative (Marfo’) Case حالة الرفع .
The Nominative Case means that the noun often has a Dammah or a Damm Tanween on its ending.
Today, we will learn some special verbs that change the noun case in the nominal sentence.
Kana and its sisters are a group of thirteen (13) verbs that come with the nominative sentence.
What was Mubtada in the nominative sentence becomes the Noun (Ism اسم) of Kana and its sisters.
What was Khabar in the nominative sentence becomes the Khabar of Kana and its sisters.
Kana and its sisters are called Incomplete Verbs أفعال ناقصة because they always need a predicate; (Khabar), to complete the meaning.
Kana and sisters are also called أفعال ناسخة because they change the Khabar’s case from nominative (Raf’e) حالة الرفع to accusative (Nassb) حالة النصب . So, the predicate of Kana and sisters always has a Fat’ha (or Tanween) on its ending.
These verbs are:كانَ / أصبحَ / أضحى / ظلَّ / أمسى / باتَ / صارَ / ليسَ / ما زالَ / ما برحَ / ما انفكَّ / ما فتئَ / ما دامَ
Ex. – كان الجوُ جميلاً بالأمس = The weather was beautiful yesterday.
– كانَ : A past verb Mabni on the Fat’h
– الجوُ : Ism of Kana Marfo’ with a dammah
– جميلاً : Khabar of kana mansoub with a Fat’ha
– الباء : a preposition
– الأمسِ : Ism Majroor by the Kasrah.
We learnt earlier that there are two types of sentences in Arabic:
1- The Arabic nominal sentence which consists originally of two part; the subject which is always noun, and the predicate which can be noun, sentence or quasi sentence (phrase).
2- The Arabic verbal sentence which consists originally of a verb, and an agent of the verb.In this lesson we will study a new linguistic phenomenon related to the nominal sentence. It is some words that intervene in the nominal sentence and change its declension. These words are called /kāna/ and its sisters. They are originally verbs, and they relate the subject to the predicate in their same tense. Because they are verbs, they can be in the past, present, and imperative as the following examples:
be /kun/كنْ
to be /yakūnu/يَكُونُ
was /kāna/كَانَ
You have to pay a good attention that these annullers intervene only in the nominal sentence, so if you see any of them before a verb, do not think that it is a verbal sentence, instead it is a nominal sentence that has the subject as latent pronoun, as the following example:
أين أخوك؟
Where is your brother?
كَانَ يَلْعَبُ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ
He was playing in the garden.
In the above mentioned example the sentence after /kāna/ is a nominal sentence. The subject is a latent pronoun, and the predicate is a verbal sentence of the latent pronoun). The following table gives more explanation:
كَانَ يَلْعَبُ في الْحَدِيقَةِ
يَلْعَبُ في الْحَدِيقَةِ
Predicate (verbal sentence)
(هو)
Subject (latent pronoun)
كَانَ
Annuller
(هو) يَلْعَبُ في الْحَدِيقَةِ
Nominal sentence
1- The Arabic nominal sentence which consists originally of two part; the subject which is always noun, and the predicate which can be noun, sentence or quasi sentence (phrase).
2- The Arabic verbal sentence which consists originally of a verb, and an agent of the verb.In this lesson we will study a new linguistic phenomenon related to the nominal sentence. It is some words that intervene in the nominal sentence and change its declension. These words are called /kāna/ and its sisters. They are originally verbs, and they relate the subject to the predicate in their same tense. Because they are verbs, they can be in the past, present, and imperative as the following examples:
be /kun/كنْ
to be /yakūnu/يَكُونُ
was /kāna/كَانَ
You have to pay a good attention that these annullers intervene only in the nominal sentence, so if you see any of them before a verb, do not think that it is a verbal sentence, instead it is a nominal sentence that has the subject as latent pronoun, as the following example:
أين أخوك؟
Where is your brother?
كَانَ يَلْعَبُ فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ
He was playing in the garden.
In the above mentioned example the sentence after /kāna/ is a nominal sentence. The subject is a latent pronoun, and the predicate is a verbal sentence of the latent pronoun). The following table gives more explanation:
كَانَ يَلْعَبُ في الْحَدِيقَةِ
يَلْعَبُ في الْحَدِيقَةِ
Predicate (verbal sentence)
(هو)
Subject (latent pronoun)
كَانَ
Annuller
(هو) يَلْعَبُ في الْحَدِيقَةِ
Nominal sentence