Error in Abstract
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2854486
In the Original Investigation titled “Clinical Characteristics, Neuroimaging Findings, and Mortality in Korsakoff Syndrome,” published September 14, 2026, the dates data analysis was performed were incorrect. These should have appeared as between April 2023 and September 2024. This article has been corrected.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2854486
In the Original Investigation titled “Clinical Characteristics, Neuroimaging Findings, and Mortality in Korsakoff Syndrome,” published September 14, 2026, the dates data analysis was performed were incorrect. These should have appeared as between April 2023 and September 2024. This article has been corrected.
Understanding Patent Thickets
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854589
Prescription drug manufacturers typically apply to the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for patents to protect their products from generic competition. The primary patent on a drug covers the core active ingredient and generally lasts 20 years. Because these patents are often granted early in drug development, however, the effective period of patent protection after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval is usually 7 to 12 years. Once that period ends, generic versions may enter the market and compete with the brand-name drug, often leading to a rapid and substantial decline in price. The statutory framework for drug patents is established in the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984. In addition to patent protection, brand-name drugs may qualify for periods of exclusivity granted by the FDA, which may run concurrently with patents or separately.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854589
Prescription drug manufacturers typically apply to the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for patents to protect their products from generic competition. The primary patent on a drug covers the core active ingredient and generally lasts 20 years. Because these patents are often granted early in drug development, however, the effective period of patent protection after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval is usually 7 to 12 years. Once that period ends, generic versions may enter the market and compete with the brand-name drug, often leading to a rapid and substantial decline in price. The statutory framework for drug patents is established in the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984. In addition to patent protection, brand-name drugs may qualify for periods of exclusivity granted by the FDA, which may run concurrently with patents or separately.
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Intra-Arterial Tenecteplase After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854588
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines the efficacy of adjunctive intra-arterial tenecteplase 12 months after stroke in patients who received endovascular thrombectomy.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854588
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines the efficacy of adjunctive intra-arterial tenecteplase 12 months after stroke in patients who received endovascular thrombectomy.
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Graduate Medical Education, 2025-2026
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854661
This Appendix presents 2025 National GME Census data detailing the numbers and types of ACGME-accredited training programs and the resident physicians and fellows in them.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854661
This Appendix presents 2025 National GME Census data detailing the numbers and types of ACGME-accredited training programs and the resident physicians and fellows in them.
MD-Granting Medical Schools in the US, 2025-2026
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854662
This Appendix presents data derived from the 2025-2026 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire-Part II to assess trends at doctor of medicine (MD)–granting medical schools.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854662
This Appendix presents data derived from the 2025-2026 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire-Part II to assess trends at doctor of medicine (MD)–granting medical schools.
Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education in 2025-2026
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854654
This Viewpoint discusses physician workforce shortages, obstacles for non–US-born physicians and international medical graduates, and the cost of medical school and student loan limits.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854654
This Viewpoint discusses physician workforce shortages, obstacles for non–US-born physicians and international medical graduates, and the cost of medical school and student loan limits.
Health Care’s Identity Crisis—Is Medicine Still a Profession?
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854655
This Perspective discusses the misalignment physicians face between their professionalism-based values and the conditions of practice that are influenced by pressures from market, managerial, and platform logics, and offers suggestions to align practice conditions and professional identity.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854655
This Perspective discusses the misalignment physicians face between their professionalism-based values and the conditions of practice that are influenced by pressures from market, managerial, and platform logics, and offers suggestions to align practice conditions and professional identity.
A Polypill Strategy to Close the Heart Failure Treatment Gap
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854829
Few gaps in cardiovascular medicine are as well characterized, or as challenging, as the one between guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and what patients actually receive. Optimal quadruple (or, more correctly, quintuple) therapy, consisting of a β-blocker, an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (2 treatments), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces all-cause mortality by roughly half relative to 2-drug regimens, yet uptake remains poor.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854829
Few gaps in cardiovascular medicine are as well characterized, or as challenging, as the one between guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and what patients actually receive. Optimal quadruple (or, more correctly, quintuple) therapy, consisting of a β-blocker, an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (2 treatments), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces all-cause mortality by roughly half relative to 2-drug regimens, yet uptake remains poor.
A Recipe for Estimating the Global Burden of Heart Failure
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854828
Characterizing the global epidemiology of heart failure (HF) is a challenging task. First, HF can present across a wide range of disease severity; it is likely that communities with more health resources are diagnosing more HF cases, and at an earlier stage. Second, data on HF incidence and risk factors are mostly from high-income countries, with much less data from populations in low- or middle-income countries. Third, the available studies differ widely in terms of study type, the population sampled, and the methods used to ascertain HF outcomes. Like comparing apples with oranges, the source data on which to base HF estimates differ to such a large extent in both quantity and quality across the world that few valid comparisons can be made without additional strategies to try to harmonize the data.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854828
Characterizing the global epidemiology of heart failure (HF) is a challenging task. First, HF can present across a wide range of disease severity; it is likely that communities with more health resources are diagnosing more HF cases, and at an earlier stage. Second, data on HF incidence and risk factors are mostly from high-income countries, with much less data from populations in low- or middle-income countries. Third, the available studies differ widely in terms of study type, the population sampled, and the methods used to ascertain HF outcomes. Like comparing apples with oranges, the source data on which to base HF estimates differ to such a large extent in both quantity and quality across the world that few valid comparisons can be made without additional strategies to try to harmonize the data.
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Right Atrial Ectopic Hepatic Tissue at the Caval Inflow
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854827
This case report discusses a finding of ectopic hepatic tissue near the inferior vena cava orifice found on incidental examination of a 31-year-old pregnant woman.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854827
This case report discusses a finding of ectopic hepatic tissue near the inferior vena cava orifice found on incidental examination of a 31-year-old pregnant woman.
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Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Polypill Implementation Strategy in Sri Lanka
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854826
This study assessed the feasibility, effect on medication adherence, and safety of a novel fixed-dose heart failure with reduced ejection fraction polypill compared with usual care in Sri Lanka.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854826
This study assessed the feasibility, effect on medication adherence, and safety of a novel fixed-dose heart failure with reduced ejection fraction polypill compared with usual care in Sri Lanka.
Loss of Chromosome Y and Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854825
This cohort study evaluates the association between loss of chromosome Y and the incidence of aortic aneurysm based on anatomic location.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2854825
This cohort study evaluates the association between loss of chromosome Y and the incidence of aortic aneurysm based on anatomic location.
Palmar Lesions and Moth-Eaten Alopecia
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854676
A man with suspected but untreated secondary syphilis had nonscarring alopecia, photodistributed facial eruption, oral ulcers, leukopenia, and low C3 level; biopsy of a palmar lesion showed dyskeratotic keratinocytes, basal vacuolar alteration, papillary dermal edema, and perivascular and periappendageal infiltrates of lymphocytes and histiocytes. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854676
A man with suspected but untreated secondary syphilis had nonscarring alopecia, photodistributed facial eruption, oral ulcers, leukopenia, and low C3 level; biopsy of a palmar lesion showed dyskeratotic keratinocytes, basal vacuolar alteration, papillary dermal edema, and perivascular and periappendageal infiltrates of lymphocytes and histiocytes. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
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Prescription Drug Launch Price Trends Before and After the Inflation Reduction Act
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854674
This study examines prescription drug launch prices over the last 2 decades and changes after the initiation of the Inflation Reduction Act.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854674
This study examines prescription drug launch prices over the last 2 decades and changes after the initiation of the Inflation Reduction Act.
Licensure Framework for Autonomous Clinical Artificial Intelligence
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854673
To the Editor The authors of a recent Perspective article proposed requiring autonomous clinical AI systems to score at or above the median of human test takers’ scores on the US Medical Licensing Examination and relevant specialty board examinations. The call for staged authorization is welcome, but this particular threshold asks written examinations to do something they were not designed to do: determine whether a system is ready to manage patients without per-case clinician review.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854673
To the Editor The authors of a recent Perspective article proposed requiring autonomous clinical AI systems to score at or above the median of human test takers’ scores on the US Medical Licensing Examination and relevant specialty board examinations. The call for staged authorization is welcome, but this particular threshold asks written examinations to do something they were not designed to do: determine whether a system is ready to manage patients without per-case clinician review.
Licensure Framework for Autonomous Clinical Artificial Intelligence
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854672
To the Editor The authors of a recent Perspective article discussed a licensure framework for autonomous clinical AI systems making independent clinical determinations. Their proposal recognizes that autonomous AI requires clinical governance beyond conventional device clearance.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854672
To the Editor The authors of a recent Perspective article discussed a licensure framework for autonomous clinical AI systems making independent clinical determinations. Their proposal recognizes that autonomous AI requires clinical governance beyond conventional device clearance.
Error in Results
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854752
The Original Investigation titled “Adjuvant Nivolumab vs Observation in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on June 1, 2026, was corrected to fix typographical errors in the text, including indicating that the trial was stopped for futility at 75% information, rather than 78%, and the number of participants lost to follow-up in the nivolumab group in Figure 1. This article was corrected online.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854752
The Original Investigation titled “Adjuvant Nivolumab vs Observation in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published on June 1, 2026, was corrected to fix typographical errors in the text, including indicating that the trial was stopped for futility at 75% information, rather than 78%, and the number of participants lost to follow-up in the nivolumab group in Figure 1. This article was corrected online.
Treating In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Sodium Bicarbonate
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854750
To the Editor The Bicarbonate for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (BIHCA) trial demonstrated no significant improvement in return of spontaneous circulation with sodium bicarbonate administration, supporting current guidelines that do not recommend routine bicarbonate use during cardiac arrest. Nevertheless, several findings from the trial warrant further discussion.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854750
To the Editor The Bicarbonate for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (BIHCA) trial demonstrated no significant improvement in return of spontaneous circulation with sodium bicarbonate administration, supporting current guidelines that do not recommend routine bicarbonate use during cardiac arrest. Nevertheless, several findings from the trial warrant further discussion.
End-of-Life Care for People Who Are Incarcerated
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854749
To the Editor Dr Mushero and colleagues highlight the need to improve hospice and end-of-life care for people who are incarcerated. For patients with advanced cancer, this discussion should explicitly include access to palliative radiotherapy.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854749
To the Editor Dr Mushero and colleagues highlight the need to improve hospice and end-of-life care for people who are incarcerated. For patients with advanced cancer, this discussion should explicitly include access to palliative radiotherapy.
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Treating In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Sodium Bicarbonate—Reply
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854748
In Reply In their letter about our recent BIHCA trial, Dr Gelbenegger and colleagues focus on the numerical differences in 30-day survival (12% vs 9.1%) and 30-day favorable neurological outcome (8.1% vs 5.4%) between groups. As noted, the trial was not powered for these outcomes and the results are uncertain. The 95% CIs for the risk ratio for 30-day survival ranged from 0.84 to 1.88 and for 30-day favorable neurological outcome from 0.82 to 2.34. As such, our results were compatible with harm, no effect, and benefit. Until well-conducted and sufficiently powered randomized clinical trials establish a benefit of sodium bicarbonate during cardiac arrest, consistent with international guidelines, we do not believe it should be administered routinely.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2854748
In Reply In their letter about our recent BIHCA trial, Dr Gelbenegger and colleagues focus on the numerical differences in 30-day survival (12% vs 9.1%) and 30-day favorable neurological outcome (8.1% vs 5.4%) between groups. As noted, the trial was not powered for these outcomes and the results are uncertain. The 95% CIs for the risk ratio for 30-day survival ranged from 0.84 to 1.88 and for 30-day favorable neurological outcome from 0.82 to 2.34. As such, our results were compatible with harm, no effect, and benefit. Until well-conducted and sufficiently powered randomized clinical trials establish a benefit of sodium bicarbonate during cardiac arrest, consistent with international guidelines, we do not believe it should be administered routinely.