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Complications of Dyslipidemia:
• Atherosclerosis significantly increases risk of developing cardiovascular disease:
• Chest pain.
• Heart attacks.
• Strokes.
Complications of Dyslipidemia:
• Atherosclerosis significantly increases risk of developing cardiovascular disease:
• Chest pain.
• Heart attacks.
• Strokes.
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Causes of Microcytic Anemia:
TAILS:
Thalassemia.
Anemia of chronic disease.
Iron deficiency.
Lead poisoning.
Sideroblastic anemia.
Causes of Microcytic Anemia:
TAILS:
Thalassemia.
Anemia of chronic disease.
Iron deficiency.
Lead poisoning.
Sideroblastic anemia.
Classic Triad of Meningitis:
🔺 Fever.
🔺 Neck stiffness.
🔺 Mental status change.
🔺 Fever.
🔺 Neck stiffness.
🔺 Mental status change.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
The “Triple Assessment” Method:
1. Clinical breast examination.
2. Radiology assessment (BIRADS classification)
3. Biopsy.
• Other workup e.g. Bone scan.
• Blood tests.
Check this out for more❗️
Breast Cancer
🔗: https://www.letstalkmed.com/breast-cancer1
The “Triple Assessment” Method:
1. Clinical breast examination.
2. Radiology assessment (BIRADS classification)
3. Biopsy.
• Other workup e.g. Bone scan.
• Blood tests.
Check this out for more❗️
Breast Cancer
🔗: https://www.letstalkmed.com/breast-cancer1
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Causes of Splenomegaly:
"CHINA"
Cirrhosis/Congestion (portal HTN).
Hematological.
Infectious.
Neoplasm (malignant, non-malignant).
Autoimmune.
Causes of Splenomegaly:
"CHINA"
Cirrhosis/Congestion (portal HTN).
Hematological.
Infectious.
Neoplasm (malignant, non-malignant).
Autoimmune.
Characteristics of Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia:
🔺Pancytopenia.
🔺Hypersegmented neutrophils.
🔺Megaloblastic bone marrow.
🔺Pancytopenia.
🔺Hypersegmented neutrophils.
🔺Megaloblastic bone marrow.
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3 Phases of Hemostasis:
1. Primary hemostasis:
• Vascular response and platelet plug formation via vWF.
2. Secondary hemostasis:
• Fibrin clot formation.
3. Resolution:
• Fibrinolysis.
3 Phases of Hemostasis:
1. Primary hemostasis:
• Vascular response and platelet plug formation via vWF.
2. Secondary hemostasis:
• Fibrin clot formation.
3. Resolution:
• Fibrinolysis.
Acute Appendicitis Pathogenesis:
Luminal obstruction➡️Bacterial overgrowth➡️Inflammation/swelling➡️Increased pressure➡️Localized ischemia➡️Gangrene/perforation➡️Localized abscess or peritonitis.
Luminal obstruction➡️Bacterial overgrowth➡️Inflammation/swelling➡️Increased pressure➡️Localized ischemia➡️Gangrene/perforation➡️Localized abscess or peritonitis.
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Osteoporosis
Reduced amount of bone.
OsteoMalacia
Normal amount of bone, but reduced Mineralization of normal osteoid.
Osteoporosis
Reduced amount of bone.
OsteoMalacia
Normal amount of bone, but reduced Mineralization of normal osteoid.
Symptoms of Central Pontine Myelinolysis:
🚩Cranial nerve palsies.
🚩Quadriplegia.
🚩Decreased LOC.
🚩Cranial nerve palsies.
🚩Quadriplegia.
🚩Decreased LOC.
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Bowel Obstruction Workup:
• Abdominal series (Upright abdominal, supine abdominal, & upright chest plain film X-ray).
• Barium Swallow or Enema.
• CT: usually for SBO.
• Lab tests:
- CBC: check for leukocytosis, hemoglobin, & BUN.
- Blood chemistries: potassium & sodium.
- ABGs: check for metabolic acidosis, or alkalosis.
Bowel Obstruction Workup:
• Abdominal series (Upright abdominal, supine abdominal, & upright chest plain film X-ray).
• Barium Swallow or Enema.
• CT: usually for SBO.
• Lab tests:
- CBC: check for leukocytosis, hemoglobin, & BUN.
- Blood chemistries: potassium & sodium.
- ABGs: check for metabolic acidosis, or alkalosis.