🔴
Clinically Definite MS:
- Two episodes of symptoms.
- Evidence of two white matter lesions (imaging or clinical).
Clinically Definite MS:
- Two episodes of symptoms.
- Evidence of two white matter lesions (imaging or clinical).
Let's Talk Medicine pinned «🔴 Clinically Definite MS: - Two episodes of symptoms. - Evidence of two white matter lesions (imaging or clinical).»
🔴
two ways to differentiate between seizures and syncope:
• In seizures, duration of unconsciousness tends to be longer. In syncope, loss of consciousness is momentary.
• In syncope, bladder control is usually retained, but in seizures it is often lost.
two ways to differentiate between seizures and syncope:
• In seizures, duration of unconsciousness tends to be longer. In syncope, loss of consciousness is momentary.
• In syncope, bladder control is usually retained, but in seizures it is often lost.
🔴
Steroids are the best treatment for SLE patients with acute flare.
Hydroxychloroquine for long-term treatment for SLE. It can cause retinal toxicity.
Steroids are the best treatment for SLE patients with acute flare.
Hydroxychloroquine for long-term treatment for SLE. It can cause retinal toxicity.
🔴
Precipitants of an acute gouty attack:
- Decrease in temperature
- Dehydration
- Stress (emotional or physical)
- Excessive alcohol intake
/ Starvation
Precipitants of an acute gouty attack:
- Decrease in temperature
- Dehydration
- Stress (emotional or physical)
- Excessive alcohol intake
/ Starvation
🔴
Diagnostic Criteria for Polymyositis:
- Symmetric proximal muscle weakness
- Elevation in serum creatine phosphokinase
- EMG findings of a myopathy
- Biopsy evidence of myositis
- Characteristic rash of dermatomyositis
Diagnostic Criteria for Polymyositis:
- Symmetric proximal muscle weakness
- Elevation in serum creatine phosphokinase
- EMG findings of a myopathy
- Biopsy evidence of myositis
- Characteristic rash of dermatomyositis
🔴
Stress ulcer prophylaxis is indicated in:
- Mechanical ventilation
- Burns
- Head trauma
- Coagulopathy
Stress ulcer prophylaxis is indicated in:
- Mechanical ventilation
- Burns
- Head trauma
- Coagulopathy
🔴
Absolute indications for dialysis:
- Acidosis—significant, intractable metabolic acidosis.
- Electrolytes—severe, persistent hyperkalemia.
- Intoxications—methanol, ethylene glycol, lithium, aspirin.
- Overload—hypervolemia not managed by other means.
- Uremia (severe)—based on clinical presentation, not laboratory values (e.g., uremic pericarditis is an absolute indication for dialysis.
Absolute indications for dialysis:
- Acidosis—significant, intractable metabolic acidosis.
- Electrolytes—severe, persistent hyperkalemia.
- Intoxications—methanol, ethylene glycol, lithium, aspirin.
- Overload—hypervolemia not managed by other means.
- Uremia (severe)—based on clinical presentation, not laboratory values (e.g., uremic pericarditis is an absolute indication for dialysis.
🔴
ADPKD presents with:
- Pain
- Hematuria
- Infection
- Hypertension
- Kidney stones
ADPKD presents with:
- Pain
- Hematuria
- Infection
- Hypertension
- Kidney stones
🔴
- In hypercalcemia, ECG shows shortening of the QT interval.
- In hypocalcemia, ECG shows a prolongation of the QT interval.
- In hypercalcemia, ECG shows shortening of the QT interval.
- In hypocalcemia, ECG shows a prolongation of the QT interval.
🔴
Serum potassium is affected by pH: alkalosis can lead to hypokalemia, whereas acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia.
Serum potassium is affected by pH: alkalosis can lead to hypokalemia, whereas acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia.
🔴
ECG changes in hyperkalemia become prominent when K + >6 and include:
- Peaked T waves (by 10 mm).
- A prolonged PR interval.
- Widening of QRS and merging of QRS with T wave.
- Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest (with increasing levels of K + ).
ECG changes in hyperkalemia become prominent when K + >6 and include:
- Peaked T waves (by 10 mm).
- A prolonged PR interval.
- Widening of QRS and merging of QRS with T wave.
- Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest (with increasing levels of K + ).
🔴
Treatment of Status Epilepticus:
- Benzodiazepine
- Fosphenytoin
- Phenobarbital
- General anesthesia
Treatment of Status Epilepticus:
- Benzodiazepine
- Fosphenytoin
- Phenobarbital
- General anesthesia
🔴
- Amyloid
- HIV nephropathy
- Polycystic kidneys
- Diabetes
ALL give large kidneys on sonogram and CT scan.
- Amyloid
- HIV nephropathy
- Polycystic kidneys
- Diabetes
ALL give large kidneys on sonogram and CT scan.
🔴
Breast cancer:
- Tamoxifen gives endometrial cancer and clots (tamoxifen is a selective ER modifier).
- Aromatase inhibitors give osteoporosis (aromatase inhibitors inhibit estrogen effect everywhere, even the good effects, like on bone density).
Breast cancer:
- Tamoxifen gives endometrial cancer and clots (tamoxifen is a selective ER modifier).
- Aromatase inhibitors give osteoporosis (aromatase inhibitors inhibit estrogen effect everywhere, even the good effects, like on bone density).
🔴
Normal PT = 11 to 15 seconds
Normal PTT = 25 to 40 seconds
Normal bleeding time = 2 to 7 minutes
Normal PT = 11 to 15 seconds
Normal PTT = 25 to 40 seconds
Normal bleeding time = 2 to 7 minutes