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Aspirants often ignore the Specific Relief Act (SRA)… but in Judiciary exams, it becomes a real game changer! βš–οΈ
Aashayein Judiciary le kar aaya hai "Specific Relief Act – Foundation Batch" πŸ›

πŸ“š Medium: English Only
πŸ“… Batch Starts From: 25th November

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Aspirants often ignore the Specific Relief Act (SRA)… but in Judiciary exams, it becomes a real game changer! βš–οΈ
Aashayein Judiciary le kar aaya hai "Specific Relief Act – Foundation Batch" πŸ›

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*πŸ›‘οΈLEADER OF THE HOUSE OF THE OPPOSITION*

β™ŸοΈIn each House of Parliament, there is the β€˜Leader of the Opposition’. The leader of the largest Opposition party having not less than one-tenth seats of the total strength of the House is recognised as the leader of the Opposition in that House.

β™ŸοΈIn a parliamentary system of government, the leader of the opposition has a significant role to play. His main functions are to provide a constructive criticism of the policies of the government and to provide an alternative government. Therefore, the leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha were accorded statutory recognition in 1977.

β™ŸοΈThey are also entitled to the salary, allowances and other facilities equivalent to that of a cabinet minister.

β™ŸοΈIt was in 1969 that an official leader of the opposition was recognised for the first time. The same functionary in USA is known as the β€˜minority leader’.
*Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Government of India Act, 1919*

β€’ The British government, not prepared to part with or even share its power with the Indians, once again resorted to the policy of β€˜carrot and stick’. The carrot was represented by the insubstantial Montagu- Chelmsford Reforms, while measures such as the Rowlatt Act represented the stick.

Main Features

β€’ Provincial Government

β€’ Introduction of Dyarchy.

β€’ Provincial legislative councils were further expanded and 70 percent of the members were to be elected.

β€’ The system of communal and class electorates was further consolidated.

β€’ Central Government

β€’ No responsible government was envisaged in the Act for the government at the all-India level.

β€’ A bicameral arrangement was introduced.

β€’ The governor-general was to be the chief executive authority.

β€’ The Act clarified that there would be a gradual development of self-governing institution in India and not self-determination of the people of India.
Along with the Budget, the Finance Minister also places other documents before the Parliament which include β€˜The Macro Economic Framework Statement’. The aforesaid document is presented because this is mandated by?
Anonymous Quiz
40%
Provisions of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003
15%
Long standing parliamentary convention
38%
Article 112 and Article 110(1) of the Constitution of India
7%
Article 113 of the Constitution of India
Aspirants often ignore the Specific Relief Act (SRA)… but in Judiciary exams, it becomes a real game changer! βš–οΈ
Aashayein Judiciary le kar aaya hai "Specific Relief Act – Foundation Batch" πŸ›

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πŸ“… Batch Starts From: 25th November

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βœ… *Res Gestae Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam*

β€’ The principle of "res gestae," meaning "things done," is enshrined in Section 4 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly Section 6 of the Indian Evidence Act 1872 Act).
β€’ It allows for the admissibility of statements and acts that form part of the same transaction, even if they would otherwise be considered hearsay.
β€’ This doctrine recognizes that certain spontaneous statements or actions, occurring contemporaneously with a transaction, carry a high degree of reliability.
β€’ Essentially, res gestae encompasses facts that are so connected to the fact in issue as to form part of the same transaction.

πŸ“Œ *Key Elements:*
β—Ύ *Same Transaction:* The statements or acts must be intrinsically linked to the main event.
β—Ύ *Contemporaneity:* They should occur at or near the time of the event.
β—Ύ *Spontaneity:* The statements must be made without deliberation or premeditation.

πŸ“Œ *Case Laws:*
β—Ύ *R v. Foster (1834)*
The victim's immediate exclamation after being hit by a vehicle was deemed admissible as part of the res gestae. This case highlights the importance of spontaneity.

β—Ύ *Sukhar v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1999)*
The Supreme Court discussed the test for determining whether a statement forms part of the same transaction. The court emphasized the need for a close nexus between the statement and the event.

β—Ύ *In Uttam Sukhare v. State of Maharashtra (2008)*
The supreme court gave guidelines to determine if a statement is part of the same transaction, stating that the statement must be at the same time the incident occurred, or immediately after, and that there should not be an opportunity for fabrication.
The application of res gestae is fact-specific, and courts carefully scrutinize the circumstances to ensure the reliability of the evidence.
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Aspirants often ignore the Specific Relief Act (SRA)… but in Judiciary exams, it becomes a real game changer! βš–οΈ
Aashayein Judiciary le kar aaya hai "Specific Relief Act – Foundation Batch" πŸ›

πŸ“š Medium: English Only
πŸ“… Batch Starts From: 25th November

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πŸ“… Pre Enroll: 5th November to 15th November

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*πŸ›‘οΈUniversal Declaration of Human Rights [1948]*

β™ŸοΈIt was adopted in UNGA Paris, 10th Dec 1948
β™ŸοΈIt has 30 articles
β™ŸοΈArticle 1 - All human are born free and equal. Hansa mehta had made important contribution in this article, she changed it from β€œAll men” to β€œAll human”
β™ŸοΈIn general it talks about dignity, liberty, and equality, righ to life, abolishing slavery and torture , protection of individual, cultural and social rights.
β™ŸοΈArticles 1–2 established the basic concepts of dignity, liberty, and equality.
β™ŸοΈArticles 3–5 established other individual rights, such as the right to life and the
β™ŸοΈProhibition of slavery and torture.
β™ŸοΈArticles 6–11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights.
β™ŸοΈArticles 12–17 established the rights of the individual towards the community,
β™ŸοΈIncluding freedom of movement.
β™ŸοΈArticles 18–21 sanctioned "constitutional liberties", public, political freedoms,
β™ŸοΈSuch as freedom of thought, opinion, religion and conscience,word, and peaceful association of the individual.
β™ŸοΈArticles 22–27 sanctioned an individual's economic, social and cultural rights,
β™ŸοΈIncluding healthcare.
β™ŸοΈArticles 28–30 established the general means of exercising these rights, the areas
β™ŸοΈIn which the rights of the individual cannot be applied, the duty of the individual
β™ŸοΈTo society, and the prohibition of the use of rights in contravention of the purposes
β™ŸοΈOf the United Nations Organization.
πŸ›‘οΈ *Freedom to manage religious affairs (Article 26)*

β™ŸοΈEvery religious denomination or its sections has the freedom to manage its own affairs
β™ŸοΈIt can establish and maintain institutions for religions and charitable purposes
β™ŸοΈIt can own and acquire movable and immovable property
β™ŸοΈIt has the right to administer such property in accordance with laws
β™ŸοΈ *Article 25*  individual rights
β™ŸοΈ *Article 26* Protects collective freedom of religion.
β™ŸοΈ *Reasonable restrictions* public order, morality and health
*A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950)* – Personal liberty under Article 21.

*Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)* – Basic Structure Doctrine.

*I.C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967)* – Amendability of Fundamental Rights.

*Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)* – Expanded the scope of Article 21.

*S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)* – Federalism and misuse of Article 356.

*Indira Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)* – Reservations and the Mandal Commission.

*K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)* – Right to Privacy.

*Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)* – Decriminalization of homosexuality.

*Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017)* – Triple Talaq invalid.

*Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980)* – Reaffirmed the Basic Structure Doctrine
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Aspirants often ignore the Specific Relief Act (SRA)… but in Judiciary exams, it becomes a real game changer! βš–οΈ
Aashayein Judiciary le kar aaya hai "Specific Relief Act – Foundation Batch" πŸ›

πŸ“š Medium: English Only
πŸ“… Batch Starts From: 25th November

🎟 Pre-Enroll Now & Grab Special Offer!
πŸ“… Pre Enroll: 5th November to 15th November

πŸ“ž Call/WhatsApp: 96910-73595
πŸ”— Register Now: https://forms.gle/BbYGmV3FHSUfjPrp6

✨ Limited Seats β€” Don’t Miss Out on This Opportunity to Start Early and Stay Ahead!
Aspirants often ignore the Specific Relief Act (SRA)… but in Judiciary exams, it becomes a real game changer! βš–οΈ
Aashayein Judiciary le kar aaya hai "Specific Relief Act – Foundation Batch" πŸ›

πŸ“š Medium: English Only
πŸ“… Batch Starts From: 25th November

🎟 Pre-Enroll Now & Grab Special Offer!
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