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*भारतीय संविधान की 12 अनुसूचियां इस प्रकार हैं*📘

1. संघ और उसके राज्य क्षेत्र

2. वेतन, भत्ते और पेंशन

3. शपथ और प्रतिज्ञान के प्रारूप

4. राज्यसभा में सीटों का आवंटन

5. अनुसूचित क्षेत्रों और अनुसूचित जनजातियों के प्रशासन और नियंत्रण के बारे में

6. असम, मेघालय, त्रिपुरा और मिजोरम राज्यों के जनजातीय क्षेत्रों के प्रशासन के बारे में

7. केंद्र और राज्यों के बीच शक्तियों का विभाजन (संघ सूची, राज्य सूची और समवर्ती सूची)

8. 22 आधिकारिक भाषाएँ

9. कुछ अधिनियमों और विनियमों का सत्यापन (भूमि सुधार और न्यायिक समीक्षा से संबंधित)

10. दल-बदल के आधार पर अयोग्यता के बारे में प्रावधान

11. पंचायतें

12. नगरपालिकाएँ

*पोस्ट पसंद आए तो react ❤️ शेयर जरूर करें*

*Name of the Constitutional Body and article:*

 1. Election Commission - Article 324

 2. Union Public Service Commission - Article-315 to 323

 3. State Public Service Commission- Article-315 to 323

 4. Finance Commission - Article-280

 5. National Commission for SCs -  Article-338

 6. National Commission for STs -  Article-338 A

 7. Comptroller and Auditor General of India- Article-148

 8. Attorney General of India- Article-76

 9. Advocate General of the State-  Article-165

10. Special officer for linguistic Minorities- Article-350 B

11. National commission on backward classes - Article - 338 B

*📌मौलिक अधिकारों (Fundamental Rights) के सभी प्रमुख अनुच्छेद –👇*

*➥Article 12 –* राज्य की परिभाषा
Definition of State

*➥Article 13 –* मौलिक अधिकारों के विरुद्ध कानून शून्य
Laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights are void

*➥Article 14 –* कानून के समक्ष समानता
Right to Equality before Law

*➥Article 15 –* भेदभाव का निषेध
Prohibition of Discrimination

*➥Article 16 –* समान अवसर (सरकारी नौकरी)
Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment

*➥Article 17 –* अस्पृश्यता का अंत
Abolition of Untouchability

*➥Article 18 –* उपाधियों का अंत
Abolition of Titles

*➥Article 19 –* स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार
Right to Freedom

*➥Article 20 –* अपराधों में संरक्षण
Protection in respect of Conviction for Offences

*➥Article 21 –* जीवन और व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता
Right to Life and Personal Liberty

*➥Article 21A –* शिक्षा का अधिकार
Right to Education

*➥Article 22 –* गिरफ्तारी और निरोध से संरक्षण
Protection against Arrest and Detention

*➥Article 23 –* मानव दुर्व्यापार का निषेध
Prohibition of Human Trafficking

*➥Article 24 –* बाल श्रम निषेध
Prohibition of Child Labour

*➥Article 25 –* धर्म की स्वतंत्रता
Freedom of Religion

*➥Article 26 –* धार्मिक मामलों का प्रबंधन
Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs

*➥Article 27 –* कर और धर्म
Freedom from Tax for Promotion of Religion

*➥Article 28 –* धार्मिक शिक्षा
Freedom from Religious Instruction

*➥Article 29 –* संस्कृति का संरक्षण
Protection of Culture

*➥Article 30 –* अल्पसंख्यकों के अधिकार
Rights of Minorities

*➥Article 32 –* संवैधानिक उपचार का अधिकार
Right to Constitutional Remedies

⚖️ *Latest Legal Updates* ⚖️

*👉 Batlanki Keshav (Kesava) Kumar Anurag v. State of Telangana & Anr, 2025 SC*
The Supreme Court quashed the rape case, citing the complainant's manipulative conduct and abuse of legal process.

👉 *Manzoor Ahmad Wani v. Ayaz Ahmad Raina, 2025 Jammu & Kashmir HC*
The Court held that “sufficient grounds” under Order XXIII Rule 1(3)(b) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) must be interpreted broadly to allow withdrawal and refiling of suits in the interest of justice.

👉 *Under Armour INC v. Anish Agarwal, 2025 Delhi HC*
The Court held that anti dissection rule is not inconsistent with ascertaining if the competing marks are similar by taking note of the dominant parts.

👉 *Saurabh Bhatnagar v. State of H.P. 2025 Himachal Pradesh HC*
The Court stated that trial courts must not deviate from the quantity-based sentencing framework prescribed under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act), as the Legislature and Central Government have already accounted for the severity of the substance's impact while framing the law.

👉 *M/S Suraj Impex (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India & Ors. 2025 SC*
The Supreme Court held that the CBEC Circular dated 17th September 2010 must be applied retrospectively as it merely clarified existing notifications and did not introduce a new fiscal regime.

👉 *KRB Enterprises & Ors v. M/s KRBL Limited, 2025 Delhi HC*
The Court held that for infringement the mark may be used in any other relation whatsoever to such goods.

👉 *State Represented by Inspector of Police, CBI, ACB, Vishakhapatnam v. Eluri Srinivasa Chakravarthi and others, 2025 SC*
The Supreme Court held that an accused cannot be discharged under Section 239 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) by relying on the materials submitted by the defence instead of relying on the chargesheet and list of documents submitted by the prosecution.

👉 *M/S Patanjali Foods Limited (Formerly Known As M/S Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd.) v. Union of India & Ors. 2025 SC*
The Supreme Court held that the encashment of a bank guarantee by the Customs Department does not amount to payment of customs duty; therefore, Section 27 of the Customs Act,1962 and the doctrine of unjust enrichment do not apply, and the amount must be refunded with interest.

👉 *X v. FACT and Others, 2025 Kerala HC*
The Court held that denial of public employment solely due to Hepatitis B infection is illegal, arbitrary, and violative of Article 14 of the Constitution of India,1950 (COI), as it amounts to unjust discrimination.

👉 *State v. Neeraj, 2025 Delhi HC*
The Court held that the provisions under Chapter XXV including Section 328, 329 and 330 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) are couched in mandatory language. Thus, the procedure contemplated therein is mandatory in nature....

*🛡️Question Hour*

♟️The first hour of every parliamentary sitting is slotted for this.

♟️During this time, the members ask questions and the ministers usually give answers. The questions are of three kinds, namely, starred, unstarred and short notice.

♟️A starred question (distinguished by an asterisk) requires an oral answer and hence supplementary questions can follow.

♟️An unstarred question, on the other hand, requires a written answer and hence, supplementary questions cannot follow.

♟️A short notice question is one that is asked by giving a notice of less than ten days. It is answered orally.

*Delhi Higher Judicial Service (DHJS) Examination 2026 Notification Out*! ⚖️

*The Delhi High Court has released the DHJS Examination 2026 notification under the 25% Direct Recruitment Quota.*

• *Total Vacancies: 27*
• 🗓️ *Application Starts: 1 July 2026*
• ⏳ *Last Date to Apply: 15 July 2026*

*🛡️Presidential Reference*

♟️The President of India recently referred 14 questions to the Supreme Court under Article 143.

*💎There are two components of Article 143*

♟️Article 143(1) allows the President to refer any question of law or fact of public importance to the Supreme Court for its advisory opinion.
♟️Article 143(2) pertains to disputes involving pre-Constitutional treaties and agreements, permitting the President to refer such matters for legal clarification.
♟️Nature of Opinion: The Supreme Court’s opinion is not binding on the President. It does not carry precedential value but holds strong persuasive authority and is usually followed by the executive and judiciary.
♟️Historical origin: The provision originates from the Government of India Act, 1935, which empowered the Governor-General to refer legal matters to the Federal Court.
♟️The President refers to the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. As per Article 145, a minimum 5-judge Bench of the Supreme Court must hear the matter.

*🛡️Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)*

♟️The Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by the President of India and can be removed from office only in the manner and on the grounds that a Judge of the Supreme Court is removed.

♟️The person appointed to this office should take an oath of office before the President or any other person appointed by the office of the President.

♟️The salary, service conditions, leaves of absence, pension and age of retirement are determined by the Parliament of India and specified in the Second Schedule such that the service conditions and salary will not be modified to the disadvantage of the incumbent during their tenure.

♟️The CAG is not eligible for any further office after the end of their tenure either in the Government of India or any State Government.

♟️The administrative expenses of the office of CAG, including salaries, allowances and pensions serving in that office are charged up on the Consolidated Fund of India.Thus they are not subjected to the vote of Parliament.

*🛡️Procedure Of The Court*

♟️The Supreme Court can, with the approval of the president, make
rules for regulating generally the practice and procedure of the
Court.

♟️The Constitutional cases or references made by the
President under Article 143 are decided by a Bench consisting of
at least five judges.

♟️All other cases are decided by single judges and division benches.

♟️The judgements are delivered by the open court. All judgements are by majority vote but if differing, then judges can give dissenting judgements or opinions.