✅ Concave Mirrors:
By reflection of light, concave mirrors give real, inverted images if the object is beyond the focus and a virtual, erect, enlarged image if the object has a distance less than the focal length from the pole of the mirror.

👉🏻 Uses of Concave Mirrors:
➖ Concave mirrors are used in torches, searchlights, and headlights of vehicles to get powerful parallel beams of light.
➖ Concave mirrors are also used as shaving mirrors to see a larger image of the face.
➖ Dentists use concave mirrors to see bigger images of the teeth of the patients.
➖ Large concave mirrors are used to focus sunlight to produce heat in the solar furnaces.


✅ Convex Mirrors:
By the reflection of light convex Mirrors always give a virtual, erect, diminished image of the object kept infront of the mirror.

👉🏻 Uses of Convex Mirrors:
➖ The convex mirror is used as a side-view mirror in vehicles to give a smaller view of the vehicles coming from behind.
➖ They are used in shops and supermarkets and any other place where there is a requirement for detecting burglars.
➖ Convex mirrors are used in making lenses for sunglasses.
➖ Convex mirrors are used in magnifying glasses, and telescopes.
➖ Convex mirrors are used to reflect street light; because they can reflect over a wide area.
➖ Convex mirrors are kept at the street corners to avoid collisions.

Various forms and function of essential nutrients-

Nitrogen- required by plants in greatest amount, it is absorbed by plants as NO2–, NO3– and NH4+ . It is one of the major constituent of proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins.

Phosphorus- Absorbed by plants from soil in the form of phosphate ions. It is the constituent of cell membrane. All nucleic acids and nucleotides require phosphorus.

Potassium – absorbed as potassium ions (K+). Help to maintain cation-anion balance in cells. It is involved in protein synthesis, opening and closing of stomata.

Calcium – absorbed by plants from soil in form of Calcium ions (Ca2+). Used in synthesis of cell wall. It activates certain enzymes.

Magnesium- absorbed by plants in form of Mg2+ ions. It activates the enzymes for respiration, photosynthesis, and involved in synthesis of DNA and RNA. It is constituent of chlorophyll.

Sulphur- plants obtain sulphur in form of sulphate (SO42-). Present in amino acids (cysteine, methionine) and is main constituent of coenzymes and vitamins.

Iron- obtained in the form of ferric iron (Fe3+). It is important constituent of protein involved in transport system.

Manganese-absorbed in form of Mn2+ ions. Main function is splitting of water to liberate Hydrogen and Oxygen during photosynthesis.

Zinc-obtained as Zn2+ ions. Activate enzymes like carboxylases. Needed in formation of Auxin.

Copper –absorbed as cupric ions(Cu2+). Involved in various metabolic activities and redox reactions.

Boron-absorbed as BO33- or B4O72- ions. Required for uptake of calcium, cell elongation and pollen germination.

Chlorine – it is absorbed in form of Cl– ions. Determine the solute concentration and splitting of water during photosynthesis

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