✅Very important points - Human Reproduction

🌟Uterus also called womb.

🌟 Longest unstripped muscles of the body are found in the walls of uterus. (During pregnancy)

🌟 Clitoris is a homologous to the penis in the male.

🌟 Bartholin Glands : It is homologous to Cowper's gland of male

🌟 A functional mammary gland is characteristic of all female mammals.

🌟 The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called colostrum which contains antibodies (IgA) absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new-born babies.

⚡️ Liberation of sperms from Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules is called spermiation.

⚡️ Liberation of sperms from testes is called semination.

⚡️ Liberation of sperms from body of male is called ejaculation .

⚡️ Mammalian sperms are transfered to vagina of female by the process called insemination.

⚡️ In 1 ml of semen, 20 to 120 millions of sperms are present in human being.

⚡️ Leydig's cells mature at 10 yrs. of age.

⚡️ In humans (and most vertebrates), the first polar body does not undergo meiosis II.

⚡️ The first polar body is, therefore, formed merely to get rid of unwanted chromosomes.

⚡️ 65-74 days are required to complete the cycle of spermatogenesis in human being.

✅ Structure of Fungi

➖ Almost all the fungi have a filamentous structure except the yeast cells.
➖ They can be either single-celled or multicellular organisms.
➖ Fungi consist of long thread-like structures known as hyphae. These hyphae together form a mesh-like structure called mycelium.
➖ Fungi possess a cell wall which is made up of chitin and polysaccharides.
➖ The cell wall comprises a protoplast, which is differentiated into other cell parts such as cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell organelles and nuclei.
➖ The nucleus is dense, clear, with chromatin threads. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

✅ Characteristics of Fungi

➖ Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms.
➖ They may be unicellular or filamentous.
➖ They reproduce by means of spores.
➖ Fungi exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation.
➖ Fungi lack chlorophyll and hence cannot perform photosynthesis.
➖ Fungi store their food in the form of starch.
➖ Biosynthesis of chitin occurs in fungi.
➖ The nuclei of the fungi are very small.
➖ The fungi have no embryonic stage. They develop from the spores.
➖ The mode of reproduction is sexual or asexual.
➖ Some fungi are parasitic and can infect the host.
➖ Fungi produce a chemical called pheromone which leads to sexual reproduction in fungi.
➖ Examples include mushrooms, moulds and yeast.

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