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Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: The project is classified under the Himalayan Rivers Development Component of India's National Perspective Plan (NPP) for river linking.
Statement 2 is correct: It involves linking the Kosi River with the Mechi River, which is a tributary of the Mahananda River.
Statement 3 is correct: It is overseen by the National Water Development Agency (NWDA) under the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The project is classified under the Himalayan Rivers Development Component of India's National Perspective Plan (NPP) for river linking.
Statement 2 is correct: It involves linking the Kosi River with the Mechi River, which is a tributary of the Mahananda River.
Statement 3 is correct: It is overseen by the National Water Development Agency (NWDA) under the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Consider the following with reference to the Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram
(PMJVK):
1. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
2. The scheme is implemented in areas having 50% or more minority population.
3. The scheme covers minority communities notified under the National Commission
for Minorities Act, 1992, and not the Constitution.
4. The infrastructure created under the scheme is meant for the use of all residents of
the identified area and is not restricted exclusively to minority communities.
(PMJVK):
1. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
2. The scheme is implemented in areas having 50% or more minority population.
3. The scheme covers minority communities notified under the National Commission
for Minorities Act, 1992, and not the Constitution.
4. The infrastructure created under the scheme is meant for the use of all residents of
the identified area and is not restricted exclusively to minority communities.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is Correct: PMJVK is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs to improve socio-economic infrastructure in identified minority concentration areas.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The scheme covers identified areas having at least 25% minority population, not 50%, along with socio-economic and infrastructure deficits.
Statement 3 is Correct: The scheme covers minority communities notified by the Central Government under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992. These communities are not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Statement 4 is Correct: PMJVK creates community assets such as schools, health centres, hostels and skill development centres. These assets are open to all residents of the identified area and are not restricted exclusively to minority communities, although the scheme primarily targets minority concentration areas.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is Correct: PMJVK is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs to improve socio-economic infrastructure in identified minority concentration areas.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The scheme covers identified areas having at least 25% minority population, not 50%, along with socio-economic and infrastructure deficits.
Statement 3 is Correct: The scheme covers minority communities notified by the Central Government under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992. These communities are not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Statement 4 is Correct: PMJVK creates community assets such as schools, health centres, hostels and skill development centres. These assets are open to all residents of the identified area and are not restricted exclusively to minority communities, although the scheme primarily targets minority concentration areas.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Consider the following countries with reference to the international boundaries of Nigeria:
1. Niger
2. Cameroon
3. Benin
4. Ghana
5. Chad
1. Niger
2. Cameroon
3. Benin
4. Ghana
5. Chad
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Answer: (A)
● Niger (1): Shares Nigeria's northern border.
● Cameroon (2): Shares Nigeria's eastern border.
● Benin (3): Shares Nigeria's western border.
● Chad (5): Shares Nigeria's northeastern border (around Lake Chad).
● Ghana (4) does not share a land boundary with Nigeria, as the countries of Togo and Benin lie between them along the Gulf of Guinea coastline.
● Niger (1): Shares Nigeria's northern border.
● Cameroon (2): Shares Nigeria's eastern border.
● Benin (3): Shares Nigeria's western border.
● Chad (5): Shares Nigeria's northeastern border (around Lake Chad).
● Ghana (4) does not share a land boundary with Nigeria, as the countries of Togo and Benin lie between them along the Gulf of Guinea coastline.
Middle Button Island National Park is located in the Ritchie's Archipelago of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, about 100 km northeast of Port Blair.
It forms part of the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park ecosystem and is an important Marine Protected Area (MPA) for conserving fragile island and coastal ecosystems.
Important for UPSC: National Parks, Marine Protected Areas, Coral Reefs, Dugong Conservation, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and Marine Biodiversity.
It forms part of the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park ecosystem and is an important Marine Protected Area (MPA) for conserving fragile island and coastal ecosystems.
Important for UPSC: National Parks, Marine Protected Areas, Coral Reefs, Dugong Conservation, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and Marine Biodiversity.
Mission Senehjori aims to strengthen the entire Muga silk value chain—from host plant cultivation and silkworm rearing to reeling, weaving, branding, digital traceability, exports, and tourism.
The mission seeks to increase the incomes of Muga rearers and weavers, generate sustainable livelihoods, preserve Assam's traditional silk heritage, and boost exports.
Important for UPSC: Muga Silk, GI Tags, Sericulture, North East Development, Rural Livelihoods, Textile Sector, and Atmanirbhar Bharat.
The mission seeks to increase the incomes of Muga rearers and weavers, generate sustainable livelihoods, preserve Assam's traditional silk heritage, and boost exports.
Important for UPSC: Muga Silk, GI Tags, Sericulture, North East Development, Rural Livelihoods, Textile Sector, and Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Consider the following statements about Non-Performing Assets (NPAs):
I. A loan account is classified as a Non-Performing Asset (NPA) if the interest and/or principal remains overdue for more than 90 days.
II. The SARFAESI Act, 2002 empowers secured creditors to enforce security interests without first obtaining a court decree.
III. Banks classify NPAs into Substandard Assets, Doubtful Assets, and Loss Assets based on the duration and severity of default.
Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements?
1. A temporary payment delay does not automatically result in an asset being classified as an NPA.
2. The legal framework governing NPAs seeks to reduce delays in the recovery of secured loans.
3. Classification of NPAs enables banks to distinguish between assets with varying degrees of credit risk.
I. A loan account is classified as a Non-Performing Asset (NPA) if the interest and/or principal remains overdue for more than 90 days.
II. The SARFAESI Act, 2002 empowers secured creditors to enforce security interests without first obtaining a court decree.
III. Banks classify NPAs into Substandard Assets, Doubtful Assets, and Loss Assets based on the duration and severity of default.
Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements?
1. A temporary payment delay does not automatically result in an asset being classified as an NPA.
2. The legal framework governing NPAs seeks to reduce delays in the recovery of secured loans.
3. Classification of NPAs enables banks to distinguish between assets with varying degrees of credit risk.
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Answer: (D)
Inference 1 is correct: Statement 1 defines an NPA as an account overdue for more than 90 days. Therefore, a temporary delay (e.g., a short delay of 15 or 30 days) is within the grace window and does not automatically trigger NPA classification.
Inference 2 is correct: Statement 2 notes that the SARFAESI Act, 2002 allows secured creditors to enforce security interests without first obtaining a court decree. By bypassing long judicial/court proceedings, this legal framework directly aims to reduce delays in
recovering secured loans.
Inference 3 is correct: Statement 3 mentions that banks categorize NPAs into three distinct classes (Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss Assets) based on default duration and severity. Categorizing assets based on how long or severely they have defaulted directly
allows banks to distinguish between differing levels of credit risk and provisioning requirements.
Since all three inferences logically follow from the given statements, 1, 2 and 3 is the correct option.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Inference 1 is correct: Statement 1 defines an NPA as an account overdue for more than 90 days. Therefore, a temporary delay (e.g., a short delay of 15 or 30 days) is within the grace window and does not automatically trigger NPA classification.
Inference 2 is correct: Statement 2 notes that the SARFAESI Act, 2002 allows secured creditors to enforce security interests without first obtaining a court decree. By bypassing long judicial/court proceedings, this legal framework directly aims to reduce delays in
recovering secured loans.
Inference 3 is correct: Statement 3 mentions that banks categorize NPAs into three distinct classes (Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss Assets) based on default duration and severity. Categorizing assets based on how long or severely they have defaulted directly
allows banks to distinguish between differing levels of credit risk and provisioning requirements.
Since all three inferences logically follow from the given statements, 1, 2 and 3 is the correct option.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements with reference to the PM-KUSUM Scheme:
1. The PM-KUSUM Scheme was launched in 2019 by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to provide energy and water security to farmers, enhance their income and reduce dependence on diesel in agriculture.
2. The scheme allows renewable energy plants on barren/fallow land by farmers, FPOs, cooperatives and Panchayats.
3. The scheme covers standalone solar pumps and solarisation of grid-connected agriculture pumps.
1. The PM-KUSUM Scheme was launched in 2019 by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to provide energy and water security to farmers, enhance their income and reduce dependence on diesel in agriculture.
2. The scheme allows renewable energy plants on barren/fallow land by farmers, FPOs, cooperatives and Panchayats.
3. The scheme covers standalone solar pumps and solarisation of grid-connected agriculture pumps.
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Answer: (A)
● PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan) was launched in 2019 by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). It aims to provide energy and water security to farmers, increase farmers’ income, reduce diesel dependence and promote renewable energy. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
● Under Component A, the scheme promotes setting up of decentralised renewable energy power plants on barren/fallow land by:
○ Individual farmers
○ Groups of farmers
○ Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)
○ Cooperatives
○ Panchayats.
The electricity generated can be sold to DISCOMs. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
● PM-KUSUM has three components:
○ Component A: Setting up of decentralised grid-connected solar/renewable
energy power plants on barren/fallow land.
○ Component B: Installation of standalone solar agriculture pumps for farmers in off-grid areas.
○ Component C: Solarisation of grid-connected agriculture pumps to help farmers use solar energy for irrigation and sell surplus power to DISCOMs. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore , option A is the correct answer.
● PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan) was launched in 2019 by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). It aims to provide energy and water security to farmers, increase farmers’ income, reduce diesel dependence and promote renewable energy. Hence Statement 1 is correct.
● Under Component A, the scheme promotes setting up of decentralised renewable energy power plants on barren/fallow land by:
○ Individual farmers
○ Groups of farmers
○ Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs)
○ Cooperatives
○ Panchayats.
The electricity generated can be sold to DISCOMs. Hence Statement 2 is correct.
● PM-KUSUM has three components:
○ Component A: Setting up of decentralised grid-connected solar/renewable
energy power plants on barren/fallow land.
○ Component B: Installation of standalone solar agriculture pumps for farmers in off-grid areas.
○ Component C: Solarisation of grid-connected agriculture pumps to help farmers use solar energy for irrigation and sell surplus power to DISCOMs. Hence Statement 3 is correct.
Therefore , option A is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements with reference to the PM E-DRIVE Scheme of the Government of India:
I. PM E-DRIVE promotes the adoption of electric mobility through demand incentives and supporting infrastructure.
II. The scheme covers different categories of electric vehicles along with supporting charging infrastructure.
III. PM E-DRIVE supports sustainable urban transport and the broader vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047.
Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?
1. Statement II shows the coverage through which the objective stated in Statement I is implemented.
2. Statement III broadens the significance of Statement I by linking electric mobility with sustainability and national development goals.
3. Statement I focuses on immediate implementation measures, whereas Statement III highlights broader long-term developmental outcomes associated with the scheme.
I. PM E-DRIVE promotes the adoption of electric mobility through demand incentives and supporting infrastructure.
II. The scheme covers different categories of electric vehicles along with supporting charging infrastructure.
III. PM E-DRIVE supports sustainable urban transport and the broader vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047.
Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?
1. Statement II shows the coverage through which the objective stated in Statement I is implemented.
2. Statement III broadens the significance of Statement I by linking electric mobility with sustainability and national development goals.
3. Statement I focuses on immediate implementation measures, whereas Statement III highlights broader long-term developmental outcomes associated with the scheme.