3. Consider the following statements with respect to the National Investigation Agency (NIA)
1) The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was constituted as a statutory body.
2) The officers of NIA don;t have the power to investigate offenses committed outside India.

Answer: A
Explanation
National Investigation Agency

● The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is a central agency established by the Indian
Government to combat terror in India.
● NIA was constituted under the NIA Act, 2008. Thus, it is called a “Statutory Body(Any
body created by law or an act of Parliament). Hence statement 1 is correct.
● It was established after the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks as a central agency to combat
terrorism
National Investigation Agency (Amendment) Act,2019
● It amended the National Investigation Agency(NIA) Act,2008
The Amendment act provides for
● A national-level agency to investigate and prosecute offences listed in a schedule (scheduled
offences).
● Allows for creation of Special Courts for the trial of scheduled offences.
Jurisdiction of the NIA
● The officers of the NIA have the same powers as other police officers in relation to
investigation of Scheduled offences, across India.
● In addition, officers of the NIA will have the power to investigate scheduled offences
committed outside India, subject to international treaties and domestic laws of other
countries. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
● The central government may direct the NIA to investigate such cases, as if the offence has
been committed in India.
● The Special Court in New Delhi will have jurisdiction over these cases.
Scheduled Offences
● The schedule to the Act specifies a list of offences which are to be investigated and
prosecuted by the agency. These include offences under Acts such as the
○ Atomic Energy Act, 1962,
○ the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967.
The Act will allow the NIA to investigate additional offences such as
● human trafficking
● offences related to counterfeit currency or bank notes
● manufacture or sale of prohibited arms,
● cyber-terrorism,
● offences under the Explosive Substances Act, 1908.

4. Consider the following statements about Lok Adalat
1) An award passed by a Lok Adalat is deemed to be a decree of a civil court.
2) No appeal lies against the award passed by Lok Adalat.

Answer: C
Explanation
● Lok Adalat (people’s courts) is a body established by the government to settle disputes
through conciliation and compromise.
● Lok Adalat is an alternative method of dispute resolution. It is a forum where disputes
or cases pending in the court of law or at the pre-litigation stage are settled amicably.
● Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act,
1987.

● Both the statements are correct: Under the Act, the award made by the Lok Adalats is
deemed to be a decree of a civil court and is final and binding on all parties and no
appeal lies against such an award before any court of law.
● If the parties are not satisfied with the award of the Lok Adalat, though there is no
provision for an appeal against such an award, they are free to initiate litigation by
approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction by filing a case by following the required
procedure, in exercise of their right to litigate.
No judicial role
● The persons deciding the cases in the Lok Adalats are called the Members of the Lok
Adalats, they have the role of statutory conciliators only and do not have any judicial
role; therefore they can only persuade the parties to come to a conclusion for settling the
dispute outside the court in the Lok Adalat and shall not pressurize or coerce any of the
parties to compromise or settle cases or matters either directly or indirectly.
● The Lok Adalat shall not decide the matter so referred at its own instance, instead the
same would be decided on the basis of the compromise or settlement between the parties.
● The members shall assist the parties in an independent and impartial manner in their
attempt to reach amicable settlement of their dispute.
Nature of Cases to be Referred to Lok Adalat
● Any case pending before any court.
● Any dispute which has not been brought before any court and is likely to be filed before the
court.
● Provided that any matter relating to an offence not compoundable under the law shall
not be settled in Lok Adalat.
Composition of Lok Adalats
● The Lok Adalat is presided over by a sitting or retired judicial officer as the chairman,
with two other members, usually a lawyer and a social worker.
● The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) along with other Legal Services
Institutions (such as State Legal Services Authority, District Legal Services Authority, Taluk
Legal Services Committee) conducts Lok Adalats at different levels.
○ NALSA is a statutory body constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and to organize
Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes.

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5. “One number-One color-One description” is associated with which of the following?

Answer: C
Explanation
National Air Quality Index (AQI) transforms complex air quality data of eight pollutants into a single
number (index value), nomenclature and color. In simple terms it is ‘One Number- One Colour-
One Description’ for the common man to judge the air quality within his vicinity.The formulation
of the index was an initiative under Swachh Bharat Mission
There are six AQI categories, namely Good, Satisfactory, Moderately polluted, Poor, Very Poor,
and Severe. The AQI will consider eight pollutants .
● Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) or (PM 10 ),

● Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) or (PM 2.5 ),
● Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ),
● Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ),
● Carbon Monoxide (CO),
● Ozone (O 3 ),
● Ammonia (NH 3 ), and
● Lead (Pb)

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1) Consider the following statements about the Satnami sect:
1. The Satnami sect was founded by Birbhan in the 17th century.
2. This sect is a wing of the Ravidassia community.

Answer: C
Explanation
● The Satnami community was founded in 1657 (17th century) by Bir Bhan of Narnaul
district (present day Haryana). Hence statement 1 is correct.
● Udhodas, a disciple of Saint Ravidas, was the first priest or spiritual guru of the society.
● Statement 2 is correct: The Satnami community is also referred to as the Satnami sect or
the Sadhan sect. This sect is a wing of the Ravidassia community.
● The community comprises farmers, artisans and people from backward castes.
● The sect emphasizes on three principles
○ adorn the attire of a Satnami devotee,
○ earn money through proper means and
○ do not tolerate any injustice or oppression in any form.

2. The Kavli Prize is awarded in which of the following fields?
1. Astrophysics
2. Nanoscience
3. Neuroscience
4. Medicine

Answer: B
Explanation
● The Kavli Prize is awarded in honour of Norwegian-American businessman and
philanthropist Fred Kavli (1927-2013).

● The Kavli Prize is awarded by US-based Kavli Foundation in partnership with the
Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and the Norwegian Ministry of Education
and Research.
● The Kavli Prizes are awarded in three areas:
○ Astrophysics (the largest)
○ Nanoscience (the smallest)
○ Neuroscience (the most complex)
● The Kavli Prize was designed to be like the Nobel in the fields of astrophysics,
neuroscience, and nanoscience.
● The Nobel Prize is only awarded for achievements made during the
preceding year. But the Kavli Prize does not operate under such a
restriction.

3. Adi Shankaracharya is known for consolidating which philosophical doctrine?

Answer: A
Explanation
● Adi Shankara was one of the great Indian philosophers and social reformers who was born
in Kalady village on the bank of the River Periyar in Kerala in the eighth century.
● He was an advocate of Advaita or the doctrine of the oneness of the individual soul and
the Supreme God which is the Ultimate Reality.
● He met his guru, Swami Govindapada Acharya in a hermitage on the banks of the River
Narmada. Under Govindapada Acharya's guidance, he mastered Yoga, Vedanta and other

systems and became a knower of the Brahman. Shankara travelled all over India and met
the leaders of different schools of thought.
● He tried to revive Hinduism in India while Buddhism was gaining popularity.
● Adi Shankaracharya was known to reconcile various sects of Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and
Saktism with the introduction of the Pancayatana form of worship. It is the simultaneous
worship of five deities of Ganesha, Surya, Vishnu, Shiva and Devi, arguing that all deities
were different forms of the one Brahman.
● Adi Shankara disappeared at the age of 32 in the year 820 C.E. In his short life, he majorly
contributed towards shaping of Hindu culture and spirituality