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1. Which of the following is/ are the advantages of supercapacitors?
1) High capacitance
2) High power density
3) Quick charging capability

Answer: D
Explanation
● A supercapacitor is a capacitor which serves the purpose of high energy storage compared
to normal capacitors. They are also known as ultracapacitors.
● In the energy-power spectrum, supercapacitors take an intermediate place between
batteries and capacitors, delivering higher power densities than the former and higher
energy densities than the latter.
● It has advantages such as high capacitance, high power density, and quick charging
capability. Hence all the statements are correct.
Applications of Supercapacitors
● Transportation: A significant application of supercapacitors in this field is seen in hybrid
buses, combining with batteries to enhance battery life and reduce the size.
● Electronic devices: Tablets, laptops, smartphones and other memory devices are
developed using supercapacitors. They are also used in LED Flash units.
● Medical Field: Supercapacitors find applications in portable devices (ECG monitors, blood
pressure monitors), ultrasound machines and in drug delivery systems.
● Supercapacitors are also used in the field of renewable energy. They are used to supply
power to pitch control of clades in the wind energy.
● They are also used in the automotive industry to provide stored energy to vehicles in a few
seconds.

2. With reference to the Rashtriya Gokul Mission, consider the following statements.
1. It aims at development and conservation of indigenous bovine breeds.
2. Under the mission, Integrated cattle development centers known as ‘Gokul Grams’ are
established.

Answer: C
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: The Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) is being implemented for
development and conservation of indigenous bovine breeds since 2014.
● The scheme is important in enhancing milk production and productivity of bovines to
meet growing demand of milk and making dairying more remunerative to the rural farmers
of the country.

● The RGM will result in enhanced productivity and benefit of the programme, percolating to
all cattle and buffaloes of India especially with small and marginal farmers.
● This programme will also benefit women in particular since over 70% of the work
involved in livestock farming is undertaken by women.
● Statement 2 is correct: Under RGM, Integrated cattle development centers, known as
‘Gokul Grams’ are established with the aim of conservation and development of
indigenous bovine breeds in a scientific and holistic manner.
● It is implemented by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying under the
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying.
Objectives
● To enhance productivity of bovines and increase milk production in a sustainable
manner using advanced technologies.
● To propagate use of high genetic merit bulls for breeding purposes.
● To enhance Artificial insemination coverage through strengthening breeding network
and delivery of Artificial insemination services at farmers doorstep.
● To promote indigenous cattle & buffalo rearing and conservation in a scientific and
holistic manner.

3. Consider the following statements about the Government e-Marketplace
1) It is a 100 percent government-owned company setup under the aegis of the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry.
2) As per existing mandate, GeM is available for use by private sector buyers.

Answer: A
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Launched in 2016, the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) is a 100
percent government-owned company setup under the aegis of the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry.
● It is a completely paperless, cashless and system driven e-market place that enables
procurement of common use goods and services with minimal human interface.
● GeM aims to enhance transparency, efficiency and speed in public procurement.
● GeM was developed with the technical support of the National eGovernance Division
under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
● In 2017, the government made it mandatory for all the departments and ministries to
source goods and services from the GeM.
● At present, the platform is open for procurement by all government buyers: central and
state ministries, departments, public sector enterprises, autonomous institutions, local
bodies, etc.
● In 2022, the government gave its approval for expanding the mandate of GeM to allow
procurement by Cooperatives as buyers on GeM.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: As per existing mandate, GeM is not available for use by
private sector buyers. Suppliers (sellers) can be from across all segments:
government or private.

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GeM SAHAY app is an initiative to facilitate small sellers to avail of credit financing from various
integrated lenders for the orders received on GeM Portal.

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4. Consider the following statements about the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT).
1. TMT is a 30-meter diameter primary mirror optical and infrared telescope.
2. It is being established at Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
3. India is a Founder-Member Partner in this international collaboration project.

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Answer: C
Explanation:
● Statements 1 & 2 are correct: Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a 30-meter diameter
primary mirror optical and infrared telescope being established at Mauna Kea, Hawaii,
USA.
● TMT is a new class of extremely large telescopes that will allow us to see deeper into
space and observe cosmic objects with unprecedented sensitivity.
● At the heart of the telescope is the segmented mirror, made up of 492 individual segments.
Precisely aligned, these segments will work as a single reflective surface of 30m diameter.

● This will provide unparalleled resolution with TMT images more than 12 times sharper than
those from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (launched in 1990 into a low-Earth orbit).

● Once it is built, the TMT will become the world's largest ground-based telescope
operating at optical and infrared wavelengths, allowing astronomers to study the outer
reaches of the universe and study distant stars and exoplanets in much greater detail than is
currently possible.
o An exoplanet, or extrasolar planet, is a planet outside of our solar system that usually
orbits another star in our galaxy.

Who is building TMT?
● The Thirty Meter Telescope is being designed and developed by the TMT International
Observatory LLC (TIO).
● The TIO is an international collaboration of research institutions and national
governments including the USA, Japan, China, India and Canada.
● Statement 3 is correct: India is a Founder-Member Partner in this project which aims to
open new windows to the universe through optical and infrared astronomy.
Benefits of TMT
● It will allow astronomers to explore the mysterious period in the life of the universe
when the first stars and galaxies were formed.
● One of its key uses will be the study of exoplanets, many of which have been detected in
the last few years, and whether their atmospheres contain water vapour or methane — the
signatures of possible life.
● TMT will also observe the formation and development of the large-scale structures by
looking at faint distant galaxies and the intergalactic medium.
● It has the capability to detect and investigate black holes that reside in the center of many
distant galaxies, as well as study in detail the black hole in the center of our own Milky Way.

5. Exercise Maitree is a joint military exercise conducted between which two countries?

Answer: B
Explanation
● The 13th edition of India- Thailand joint military Exercise MAITREE was recently held in
Thailand.
● Aim of Exercise MAITREE is to foster Military Cooperation between India and Thailand.