choose the best answer ?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
A.Tamil Nadu
11%
B. Karnataka
68%
C. Kerala
3%
D. Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C
Explanation
● Theyyam is a famous ritual art form that originated in North Kerala.
● It encompasses dance, mime and music and exalts the beliefs of the ancient tribals who gave
a lot of importance to the worship of heroes and the spirits of their ancestors.
● The ceremonious dance is accompanied by the chorus of such musical instruments such as
Chenda, Elathalam, Kurumkuzal and Veekkuchenda.
● There are over 400 separate Theyyams, each with their own music, style and
choreography. The most prominent among these are Raktha Chamundi, Kari Chamundi,
Muchilottu Bhagavathi, Wayanadu Kulaven, Gulikan and Pottan.
Characteristics of Theyyam
● Theyyam artists use natural materials like charcoal, rice paste, turmeric, and colored clays
for makeup.
● The makeup uses a limited palette, primarily red, black, yellow, and white. Each color has
symbolic meaning.
● The headpiece plays a significant role in theyyam. It is a religious crown composed of
different coloured coconut and areca nut splices.
Explanation
● Theyyam is a famous ritual art form that originated in North Kerala.
● It encompasses dance, mime and music and exalts the beliefs of the ancient tribals who gave
a lot of importance to the worship of heroes and the spirits of their ancestors.
● The ceremonious dance is accompanied by the chorus of such musical instruments such as
Chenda, Elathalam, Kurumkuzal and Veekkuchenda.
● There are over 400 separate Theyyams, each with their own music, style and
choreography. The most prominent among these are Raktha Chamundi, Kari Chamundi,
Muchilottu Bhagavathi, Wayanadu Kulaven, Gulikan and Pottan.
Characteristics of Theyyam
● Theyyam artists use natural materials like charcoal, rice paste, turmeric, and colored clays
for makeup.
● The makeup uses a limited palette, primarily red, black, yellow, and white. Each color has
symbolic meaning.
● The headpiece plays a significant role in theyyam. It is a religious crown composed of
different coloured coconut and areca nut splices.
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2. The primary objective of the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan is
Answer: C
Explanation
● The ‘Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan’ or the ‘Drugs-Free India Campaign’ is a campaign
against substance abuse flagged off on 15th August 2020 by the Ministry of Social Justice
and Empowerment.
● The campaign focuses on 272 districts in 32 states & UT’s which are identified as most
vulnerable in terms of usage of drugs and launches a three-pronged attack combining
efforts of the Narcotics Bureau, Outreach/Awareness by Social Justice and Treatment
through the Health Department.
Components of the action plan
● Awareness generation programmes;
● Focus on Higher Educational Institutions, University Campuses and Schools;
● Community outreach and Identification of dependent population;
● Focus on Treatment facilities in Hospital settings; and
● Capacity Building Programmes for Service Providers.
Why in News?
● As India celebrates its 78th Independence Day, the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA) is
entering into its fifth year.
● In recognition of this milestone, the Department of Social Justice and Empowerment is
organizing a mass pledge taking ceremony against drug abuse across the country.
Explanation
● The ‘Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan’ or the ‘Drugs-Free India Campaign’ is a campaign
against substance abuse flagged off on 15th August 2020 by the Ministry of Social Justice
and Empowerment.
● The campaign focuses on 272 districts in 32 states & UT’s which are identified as most
vulnerable in terms of usage of drugs and launches a three-pronged attack combining
efforts of the Narcotics Bureau, Outreach/Awareness by Social Justice and Treatment
through the Health Department.
Components of the action plan
● Awareness generation programmes;
● Focus on Higher Educational Institutions, University Campuses and Schools;
● Community outreach and Identification of dependent population;
● Focus on Treatment facilities in Hospital settings; and
● Capacity Building Programmes for Service Providers.
Why in News?
● As India celebrates its 78th Independence Day, the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA) is
entering into its fifth year.
● In recognition of this milestone, the Department of Social Justice and Empowerment is
organizing a mass pledge taking ceremony against drug abuse across the country.
3. Consider the following statements regarding the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)
1) The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is responsible for fixing the benchmark interest
rates in India.
2) All members of the MPC are appointed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1) The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is responsible for fixing the benchmark interest
rates in India.
2) All members of the MPC are appointed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
choose the correct answer
Anonymous Quiz
58%
A. 1 only
12%
B. 2 only
25%
C. Both 1 and 2
5%
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: A
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a committee of the RBI
which is entrusted with the task of fixing the benchmark policy interest rate (repo rate) to
contain inflation within the specified target level.
○ Under the flexible inflation targeting (FIT) framework, the RBI targets to contain
Consumer Price Index (CPI) based inflation within 4 percent with a tolerance
band of (+/-) 2 percent for the period April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2026.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The MPC has six members: RBI Governor (Chairperson), RBI
Deputy Governor in charge of monetary policy, one official nominated by the RBI Board and
remaining 3 members would represent the Government.
● The MPC is required to meet at least four times in a year. The quorum for the meeting is
four members.
● The MPC makes decisions based on majority vote. In case of a tie, the RBI governor will
have a second or casting vote.
● Each Member of MPC writes a statement specifying the reasons for voting in favour of, or
against the proposed resolution.
Why in News?
● The Reserve Bank of India-led Monetary Policy Committee has decided to keep the
repurchase rate (repo rate) unchanged at 6.5 per cent for the ninth time in a row.
● The MPC left its inflation forecast for this fiscal year (FY25) unchanged at 4.5 per cent.
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a committee of the RBI
which is entrusted with the task of fixing the benchmark policy interest rate (repo rate) to
contain inflation within the specified target level.
○ Under the flexible inflation targeting (FIT) framework, the RBI targets to contain
Consumer Price Index (CPI) based inflation within 4 percent with a tolerance
band of (+/-) 2 percent for the period April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2026.
● Statement 2 is incorrect: The MPC has six members: RBI Governor (Chairperson), RBI
Deputy Governor in charge of monetary policy, one official nominated by the RBI Board and
remaining 3 members would represent the Government.
● The MPC is required to meet at least four times in a year. The quorum for the meeting is
four members.
● The MPC makes decisions based on majority vote. In case of a tie, the RBI governor will
have a second or casting vote.
● Each Member of MPC writes a statement specifying the reasons for voting in favour of, or
against the proposed resolution.
Why in News?
● The Reserve Bank of India-led Monetary Policy Committee has decided to keep the
repurchase rate (repo rate) unchanged at 6.5 per cent for the ninth time in a row.
● The MPC left its inflation forecast for this fiscal year (FY25) unchanged at 4.5 per cent.
4. Consider the following statements about International Monetary Fund(IMF)
1) The IMF provides financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments
problems or experiencing financial crises.
2) It releases the Global Financial Stability Report.
3) It is administered by the International bank for Reconstruction and Development.
1) The IMF provides financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments
problems or experiencing financial crises.
2) It releases the Global Financial Stability Report.
3) It is administered by the International bank for Reconstruction and Development.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
a) Only one
69%
b) Only two
24%
c) All three
0%
d) None
Answer: B
Explanation
● The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization established with
the goal of promoting global monetary cooperation, ensuring exchange rate stability,
facilitating the balanced growth of international trade, and providing resources to
help member countries in need of financial assistance.
● It was created in July 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference
(commonly known as the Bretton Woods Conference) in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire,
USA.
● The IMF monitors the global economy and provides economic analysis and policy advice
to its member countries.
● The IMF provides financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments
problems or experiencing financial crises. Thus it cannot grant loans to any country but only
member countries. Hence statement 1 is correct.
● The IMF has its own reserve asset called the Special Drawing Right (SDR), which is a
supplementary international reserve currency created to supplement its member countries'
official reserves.
● The IMF is governed by its member countries, with decision-making power allocated based
on the financial contributions (quotas) made by each member. The largest and most
influential members have more significant voting power and influence.
● IMF releases the Global Financial Stability Report. Hence statement 2 is correct.
● The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) are two separate entities, each with its own distinct functions and
governance structures. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
● The IBRD is one of five member institutions that make up the World Bank Group. Its
focus is on providing financial and technical assistance to middle-income and creditworthy
low-income countries for development projects and programs.
Explanation
● The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization established with
the goal of promoting global monetary cooperation, ensuring exchange rate stability,
facilitating the balanced growth of international trade, and providing resources to
help member countries in need of financial assistance.
● It was created in July 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference
(commonly known as the Bretton Woods Conference) in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire,
USA.
● The IMF monitors the global economy and provides economic analysis and policy advice
to its member countries.
● The IMF provides financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments
problems or experiencing financial crises. Thus it cannot grant loans to any country but only
member countries. Hence statement 1 is correct.
● The IMF has its own reserve asset called the Special Drawing Right (SDR), which is a
supplementary international reserve currency created to supplement its member countries'
official reserves.
● The IMF is governed by its member countries, with decision-making power allocated based
on the financial contributions (quotas) made by each member. The largest and most
influential members have more significant voting power and influence.
● IMF releases the Global Financial Stability Report. Hence statement 2 is correct.
● The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) are two separate entities, each with its own distinct functions and
governance structures. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.
● The IBRD is one of five member institutions that make up the World Bank Group. Its
focus is on providing financial and technical assistance to middle-income and creditworthy
low-income countries for development projects and programs.
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1. Consider the following statements about the Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
1) It is a fatal infection of the brain caused by amoeba.
2) The infection does not spread from person to person.
3) No vaccine is available for the prevention of PAM.
1) It is a fatal infection of the brain caused by amoeba.
2) The infection does not spread from person to person.
3) No vaccine is available for the prevention of PAM.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
A. Only one
37%
B. Only two
44%
C. All three
3%
D. None
Answer: C
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, usually
fatal infection of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) caused by Naegleria
fowleri, a type of free-living ameba.
● As it can infect the brain and destroy the tissues there, this one-celled organism is also
called ‘brain-eating amoeba’.
How does the disease occur?
● The amoeba thrives in warm freshwater like lakes, ponds, and rivers, and can also survive
in poorly maintained swimming pools. Infection usually occurs when people swim in
these water bodies during hot summers, especially when the water level is low.
● The amoeba enters through the nose, travels to the brain, and causes brain tissue damage
and swelling.
● Statement 2 is correct: The infection does not spread from person to person.
● Children are more vulnerable.
Symptoms
● Early symptoms of PAM include headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
● The disease quickly worsens, causing symptoms like a stiff neck, confusion, lack of focus,
loss of balance, and hallucinations.
● It often leads to coma and death within five days, with most people dying within one to 18
days.
● These infections, though rare, are fatal and 97% of the patients don’t survive.
How is it diagnosed and treated?
● PAM can be diagnosed through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests of cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF).
○ PCR works by amplifying the DNA of amoeba if present in the sample.
○ CSF is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.
● There are no standard treatment methods available to treat PAM. Miltefosine, a broad-
spectrum antimicrobial drug, Azithromycin and Amphotericin B are some of the medicines
currently being utilized to treat the infection.
● Statement 3 is correct: No vaccine is available for the prevention of PAM.
Explanation
● Statement 1 is correct: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, usually
fatal infection of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) caused by Naegleria
fowleri, a type of free-living ameba.
● As it can infect the brain and destroy the tissues there, this one-celled organism is also
called ‘brain-eating amoeba’.
How does the disease occur?
● The amoeba thrives in warm freshwater like lakes, ponds, and rivers, and can also survive
in poorly maintained swimming pools. Infection usually occurs when people swim in
these water bodies during hot summers, especially when the water level is low.
● The amoeba enters through the nose, travels to the brain, and causes brain tissue damage
and swelling.
● Statement 2 is correct: The infection does not spread from person to person.
● Children are more vulnerable.
Symptoms
● Early symptoms of PAM include headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
● The disease quickly worsens, causing symptoms like a stiff neck, confusion, lack of focus,
loss of balance, and hallucinations.
● It often leads to coma and death within five days, with most people dying within one to 18
days.
● These infections, though rare, are fatal and 97% of the patients don’t survive.
How is it diagnosed and treated?
● PAM can be diagnosed through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests of cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF).
○ PCR works by amplifying the DNA of amoeba if present in the sample.
○ CSF is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.
● There are no standard treatment methods available to treat PAM. Miltefosine, a broad-
spectrum antimicrobial drug, Azithromycin and Amphotericin B are some of the medicines
currently being utilized to treat the infection.
● Statement 3 is correct: No vaccine is available for the prevention of PAM.
2. The "Lakhpati Didi" initiative is primarily focused on which of the following?