4. Which of the following properties are true regarding neutrinos?
1. Neutrinos have no electrical charge.
2. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe.
3. Neutrinos hardly interact with other forms of matter.
1. Neutrinos have no electrical charge.
2. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe.
3. Neutrinos hardly interact with other forms of matter.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A. 1 and 2 only
14%
B. 2 and 3 only
21%
C. 1 and 3 only
50%
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an
electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass, which might even be zero.
● Statement 2 is correct: Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the
universe.
● Statement 3 is correct: These miniscule subatomic particles that hardly interact with
anything. This means that they can travel massive distances undisturbed and that in turn
means that it is much easier to trace them back to their source, helping us understand
more about the distant universe.
● Because they have very little interaction with matter, they are incredibly difficult to
detect.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is correct: A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an
electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass, which might even be zero.
● Statement 2 is correct: Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the
universe.
● Statement 3 is correct: These miniscule subatomic particles that hardly interact with
anything. This means that they can travel massive distances undisturbed and that in turn
means that it is much easier to trace them back to their source, helping us understand
more about the distant universe.
● Because they have very little interaction with matter, they are incredibly difficult to
detect.
5. With reference to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), consider the following
statements.
1. It is an independent judicial body distinct from the United Nations.
2. The judgment of the ICJ is final and technically binding on the parties to a case.
3. The Court has no jurisdiction to deal with applications from individuals.
statements.
1. It is an independent judicial body distinct from the United Nations.
2. The judgment of the ICJ is final and technically binding on the parties to a case.
3. The Court has no jurisdiction to deal with applications from individuals.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
A. Only one
52%
B. Only two
25%
C. All three
2%
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ
of the United Nations.
● It was established in 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in 1946.
● The court is the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which
was brought into being through, and by, the League of Nations, and which held its inaugural
sitting at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, in 1922.
● After World War II, the League of Nations and PCIJ were replaced by the United Nations
and ICJ respectively.
Seat and role
● Like the PCIJ, the ICJ is based at the Peace Palace in The Hague. It is the only one of the
six principal organs of the UN that is not located in New York City. (The other five
organs are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the
Trusteeship Council, and the Secretariat.)
● The ICJ’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to
it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized
United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
● English and French are the ICJ’s official languages.
● All members of the UN are automatically parties to the ICJ statute, but this does not
automatically give the ICJ jurisdiction over disputes involving them. The ICJ gets
jurisdiction only if both parties consent to it.
● Statement 2 is correct: The judgment of the ICJ is final and technically binding on the
parties to a case. There is no provision of appeal; it can at the most, be subject to
interpretation or, upon the discovery of a new fact, revision.
● However, the ICJ has no way to ensure compliance of its orders, and its authority is
derived from the willingness of countries to abide by them.
Judges of the court
● The ICJ has 15 judges who are elected to nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly
and Security Council, which vote simultaneously but separately. To be elected, a
candidate must receive a majority of the votes in both bodies, a requirement that sometimes
necessitates multiple rounds of voting.
● A third of the court is elected every three years. Judges are eligible for re-election.
Who may submit cases to the Court?
● Only States are eligible to appear before the Court in contentious cases. At present, this
essentially means the 193 Member States of the United Nations.
● Statement 3 is correct: The Court has no jurisdiction to deal with applications from
individuals, non-governmental organizations, corporations or any other private
entity.
Difference between ICC and ICJ
S. No. International Criminal Court (ICC) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
1 Independent judicial body distinct
from the UN
Principal judicial organ of the UN
2 Handles prosecutions of individuals Hears disputes between sovereign
states
3 Established by the Rome Statute in
2002
Established in 1945 by the San
Francisco Conference, which also
created the UN
4 Only those who ratified the Rome
Statute are parties to ICC
All members of the UN are parties to the
statute of the ICJ, and non-members
may also become parties
5 The judges are elected by the
Assembly of States Parties, the
court's governing body.
The judges are elected by the UN
General Assembly and the Security
Council
6 Headquarters of both the courts are situated at The Hague, Netherlands.
Explanation:
● Statement 1 is incorrect: The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ
of the United Nations.
● It was established in 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in 1946.
● The court is the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which
was brought into being through, and by, the League of Nations, and which held its inaugural
sitting at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, in 1922.
● After World War II, the League of Nations and PCIJ were replaced by the United Nations
and ICJ respectively.
Seat and role
● Like the PCIJ, the ICJ is based at the Peace Palace in The Hague. It is the only one of the
six principal organs of the UN that is not located in New York City. (The other five
organs are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the
Trusteeship Council, and the Secretariat.)
● The ICJ’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to
it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized
United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
● English and French are the ICJ’s official languages.
● All members of the UN are automatically parties to the ICJ statute, but this does not
automatically give the ICJ jurisdiction over disputes involving them. The ICJ gets
jurisdiction only if both parties consent to it.
● Statement 2 is correct: The judgment of the ICJ is final and technically binding on the
parties to a case. There is no provision of appeal; it can at the most, be subject to
interpretation or, upon the discovery of a new fact, revision.
● However, the ICJ has no way to ensure compliance of its orders, and its authority is
derived from the willingness of countries to abide by them.
Judges of the court
● The ICJ has 15 judges who are elected to nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly
and Security Council, which vote simultaneously but separately. To be elected, a
candidate must receive a majority of the votes in both bodies, a requirement that sometimes
necessitates multiple rounds of voting.
● A third of the court is elected every three years. Judges are eligible for re-election.
Who may submit cases to the Court?
● Only States are eligible to appear before the Court in contentious cases. At present, this
essentially means the 193 Member States of the United Nations.
● Statement 3 is correct: The Court has no jurisdiction to deal with applications from
individuals, non-governmental organizations, corporations or any other private
entity.
Difference between ICC and ICJ
S. No. International Criminal Court (ICC) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
1 Independent judicial body distinct
from the UN
Principal judicial organ of the UN
2 Handles prosecutions of individuals Hears disputes between sovereign
states
3 Established by the Rome Statute in
2002
Established in 1945 by the San
Francisco Conference, which also
created the UN
4 Only those who ratified the Rome
Statute are parties to ICC
All members of the UN are parties to the
statute of the ICJ, and non-members
may also become parties
5 The judges are elected by the
Assembly of States Parties, the
court's governing body.
The judges are elected by the UN
General Assembly and the Security
Council
6 Headquarters of both the courts are situated at The Hague, Netherlands.
Congratulations to the Quiz 2 Finalists of Officers Arena August!
1) Sudeb Sarkar
2) Bhavya Bansal
3) Deepa Dharshini B
You’ve made it to the top, and we’re so proud of your achievement!
But the excitement doesn’t stop here! The next round of Officers Arena August is just around the corner. 🚀
Quiz 3 will be conducted tomorrow – don’t miss your chance to be the next finalist! Sharpen your skills, bring your A-game, and seize the opportunity to shine.
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1) Sudeb Sarkar
2) Bhavya Bansal
3) Deepa Dharshini B
You’ve made it to the top, and we’re so proud of your achievement!
But the excitement doesn’t stop here! The next round of Officers Arena August is just around the corner. 🚀
Quiz 3 will be conducted tomorrow – don’t miss your chance to be the next finalist! Sharpen your skills, bring your A-game, and seize the opportunity to shine.
#OfficersArena #QuizFinalists #Congratulations #UPSCQuiz #UPSCPrep #IASAcademy #OfficersIAS #QuizTime #ParticipateNow #AchieveYourDreams