Answer: D
Explanation:
● Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of communicable diseases that
prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries which will affect more
than one billion people and cost developing economies.
● Populations living in poverty without adequate sanitation and in close contact with
infectious vectors and domestic animals and livestock are those worst affected.
● They are called "neglected" because they generally afflict the world's poor and historically
have not received as much attention as other diseases.
● More than 70% of countries and territories that report the presence of neglected tropical
diseases are low-income or lower middle-income economies.
● NTD includes Dengue, Blinding trachoma, Human dog-mediated rabies, Leprosy (Hansen
disease), Endemic treponematoses (yaws), Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping
sickness), Leishmaniasis, Lymphatic filariasis, etc.

5. Consider the following statements about CPGRAMS:
1) CPGRAMS is an online web-enabled system developed by the National Informatics Centre.
2) It provides the facility to lodge and track a public grievance online from any geographical
location.

Answer: C
Explanation
● Both the statements are correct.
● Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) is an online
platform available to the citizens 24x7 to lodge their grievances to the public
authorities on any subject related to service delivery. It provides the facility to lodge
and track a public grievance online from any geographical location.
● Launched in 2007, it is a single portal connected to all the Ministries/Departments of
Government of India and States.
● The online web-enabled system was developed by the National Informatics Centre, under
the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) in association with the
Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG).
● It has been developed with an objective of speedy redress and effective monitoring of
grievances by Ministries/Departments/Organizations of Government of India.
● The time limit for redress of grievance is 30 days. In case of delay an interim reply with
reasons for delay is required to be given.
● CPGRAMS also provides an appeal facility to the citizens if they are not satisfied with the
resolution by the Grievance Officer.

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1. Which one of the following countries is not a member of the ASEAN grouping?

Answer: D
Explanation

● The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, is a regional & intergovernmental
organization of 10 countries of southeast Asia. 
● ASEAN was established in 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN
Declaration (Bangkok Declaration).
● Its members are Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, Singapore, Myanmar,
Philippines, Brunei and Vietnam.
● The organization aims to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural
development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership.
They work towards the progress of the southeast Asia region.

2. Consider the following statements about the Chandipura Virus
1) It primarily gets transmitted through airborne droplets.
2) There is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine available for treatment.

3. The Right to Silence is primarily associated with which Article of the Indian Constitution?

Answer: B
Explanation
● CHPV is a virus of the Rhabdoviridae family.
● Statement 1 is incorrect: It is transmitted by sandflies and mosquitoes, including
Aedes aegypti, which is also a vector for dengue.

● The infection caused by the virus reaches the central nervous system which can lead to
encephalitis — inflammation of the active tissues of the brain.
● Susceptibility has largely remained limited to children below 15 years.
Symptoms
● The virus is accompanied by the unexpected beginning of flu-like symptoms, including
high fever, seizures, diarrhoea, vomiting, convulsions, and altered sensorium.
● In extreme cases, the viral infection can prompt coma and death.
How can the infection be managed?
● Statement 2 is correct: The infection can only be symptomatically managed as currently
there is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine available for treatment.
● Prevention strategies include vector control, identifying and eliminating sandfly breeding
sites, and using protective measures to prevent sandfly bites, such as wearing protective
clothing and using repellents and nets.
Worst affected regions in India
● The CHPV infection, first identified in 1965 during a dengue/chikungunya outbreak in
Maharashtra, saw a major outbreak in 2003-04 in Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Andhra
Pradesh.
● The infection is mostly endemic to central India, particularly in rural and tribal areas
where sandflies and mosquitoes, which spread the disease, are common.
● Outbreaks are more frequent during the monsoon season when sandfly populations
increase.

Answer: C
Explanation
● The ‘Right to silence’ is rooted in Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which stipulates
that no one can be compelled to testify against themselves.
● This provision grants accused individuals protection against self-incrimination,
constituting a fundamental right.
● It contains provisions related to No ex-post-facto law, No double jeopardy, No self- incrimination.

4. Consider the following statements regarding the Gangetic river dolphins.
1. It is listed as critically endangered under the IUCN red list.
2. It can be naturally found only in the Ganges river system including the tributaries of Ganga.

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