Answer: C
Explanation
About Nipah infection
● It is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus (NiV).
● Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are the natural host of Nipah virus. Hence,
Statement 2 is correct.
● The disease was first identified in 1998 during an outbreak in Malaysia and it was named
after a village in Malaysia, Sungai Nipah. Later, Nipah outbreaks have been reported in
Singapore, Bangladesh and India.
● A study in 2018 has identified many South East Asian countries including Indian states
as potential hotspots for the NiV disease.
● NiV is on the top-10 priority list pathogens identified by the World Health Organization.
Transmission
● It is a zoonotic virus (transmitted from animals to humans) which can also be transmitted
through contaminated food or directly between people. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
● Consumption of fruits or fruit products (such as raw date palm juice) contaminated
with urine or saliva from infected fruit bats is the most likely source of infection.
● In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic (subclinical) infection
to acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis.
● The virus can also cause severe disease in animals such as pigs, resulting in significant
economic losses for farmers.
Treatment
● Statement 3 is correct: There are currently no drugs or vaccines specific for Nipah virus
infection.
● The primary treatment for humans is supportive care.
● Preventing the Nipah virus involves infection control measures like using protective
equipment, disinfecting surfaces, and avoiding sick animals or areas with known Nipah
virus outbreaks.
Explanation
About Nipah infection
● It is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus (NiV).
● Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are the natural host of Nipah virus. Hence,
Statement 2 is correct.
● The disease was first identified in 1998 during an outbreak in Malaysia and it was named
after a village in Malaysia, Sungai Nipah. Later, Nipah outbreaks have been reported in
Singapore, Bangladesh and India.
● A study in 2018 has identified many South East Asian countries including Indian states
as potential hotspots for the NiV disease.
● NiV is on the top-10 priority list pathogens identified by the World Health Organization.
Transmission
● It is a zoonotic virus (transmitted from animals to humans) which can also be transmitted
through contaminated food or directly between people. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
● Consumption of fruits or fruit products (such as raw date palm juice) contaminated
with urine or saliva from infected fruit bats is the most likely source of infection.
● In infected people, it causes a range of illnesses from asymptomatic (subclinical) infection
to acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis.
● The virus can also cause severe disease in animals such as pigs, resulting in significant
economic losses for farmers.
Treatment
● Statement 3 is correct: There are currently no drugs or vaccines specific for Nipah virus
infection.
● The primary treatment for humans is supportive care.
● Preventing the Nipah virus involves infection control measures like using protective
equipment, disinfecting surfaces, and avoiding sick animals or areas with known Nipah
virus outbreaks.
4. Which of the following issues has been a point of contention in the Demchok and Despang
areas?
areas?
Choose the correct answer
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A. Water resources
76%
B. Territorial claims
7%
C. Trade routes
3%
D. Environmental concerns
Answer: B
Explanation
● Demchok and Despang are areas in Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control that have been
points of contention between India and China due to territorial claims and border disputes.
Explanation
● Demchok and Despang are areas in Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control that have been
points of contention between India and China due to territorial claims and border disputes.
5. The central bank currently uses which of the indicators to set the monetary and credit
policy in India?
policy in India?
Choose the correct answer
Anonymous Quiz
71%
A. Consumer Price Index
16%
B. Wholesale Price Index
8%
C. Index of Industrial Production
5%
D. Index of Eight Core Industries
Answer: A
Explanation:
● The Reserve Bank of India currently uses Consumer Price Index (CPI) to set the monetary
and credit policy in India.
Explanation:
● The Reserve Bank of India currently uses Consumer Price Index (CPI) to set the monetary
and credit policy in India.
All the best to all UPSC Mains 2024 candidates!
Your hard work and dedication have brought you this far. Now it's time to give it your best shot. Stay confident and focused—success is within your reach!
#UPSCMains2024 #BestWishes #OfficersIASAcademy #HardWork #Success
Your hard work and dedication have brought you this far. Now it's time to give it your best shot. Stay confident and focused—success is within your reach!
#UPSCMains2024 #BestWishes #OfficersIASAcademy #HardWork #Success
1. Which of the following Indian states shares the longest border with Bangladesh?
choose the best answer
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A. Assam
13%
B. Meghalaya
8%
C. Tripura
68%
D. West Bengal
Answer: D
Explanation
● West Bengal shares the longest border with Bangladesh among all Indian states.
● The India-Bangladesh border spans approximately 4,096 km, making it the longest
international border that India shares with any country.
● Of this total, West Bengal's share is about 2,217 km, which is the longest stretch compared
to other Indian states that also border Bangladesh.
● Bangladesh shares borders with five Indian states: Assam, West Bengal, Mizoram,
Meghalaya, and Tripura.
Explanation
● West Bengal shares the longest border with Bangladesh among all Indian states.
● The India-Bangladesh border spans approximately 4,096 km, making it the longest
international border that India shares with any country.
● Of this total, West Bengal's share is about 2,217 km, which is the longest stretch compared
to other Indian states that also border Bangladesh.
● Bangladesh shares borders with five Indian states: Assam, West Bengal, Mizoram,
Meghalaya, and Tripura.
2. Kursk Oblast became a strategic location in global news due to its involvement in which of
the following conflicts?
the following conflicts?
choose the best answer
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A. Russia-Georgia War
15%
B. Crimea Annexation
67%
C. Russia-Ukraine War
10%
D. Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
3. The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base
Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) is related to which of the following organizations?
Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) is related to which of the following organizations?
Answer: C
Explanation
● Kursk Oblast has been in the news due to its strategic location near the Russia-Ukraine
border.
● Kursk Oblast is a region in Russia that shares its western border with Ukraine.
● It lies in the southwestern part of Russia, with the city of Kursk as its administrative center.
Explanation
● Kursk Oblast has been in the news due to its strategic location near the Russia-Ukraine
border.
● Kursk Oblast is a region in Russia that shares its western border with Ukraine.
● It lies in the southwestern part of Russia, with the city of Kursk as its administrative center.
Answer: D
Explanation
● The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base
Erosion and Profit Shifting is an outcome of the OECD to tackle Base Erosion and Profit
Shifting (the “BEPS Project”).
● BEPS is a tax planning strategy that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially
shift profits to low or no-tax locations where there is little or no economic activity, resulting
in little or no overall corporate tax being paid.
Explanation
● The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base
Erosion and Profit Shifting is an outcome of the OECD to tackle Base Erosion and Profit
Shifting (the “BEPS Project”).
● BEPS is a tax planning strategy that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially
shift profits to low or no-tax locations where there is little or no economic activity, resulting
in little or no overall corporate tax being paid.
4. ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana’ has been launched for
5. The superintendence, direction, and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of elections to Panchayats and urban local bodies?