2. Kursk Oblast became a strategic location in global news due to its involvement in which of
the following conflicts?

3. The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base
Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) is related to which of the following organizations?

Answer: C
Explanation
● Kursk Oblast has been in the news due to its strategic location near the Russia-Ukraine
border.
● Kursk Oblast is a region in Russia that shares its western border with Ukraine.
● It lies in the southwestern part of Russia, with the city of Kursk as its administrative center.

Answer: D
Explanation
● The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base
Erosion and Profit Shifting is an outcome of the OECD to tackle Base Erosion and Profit
Shifting (the “BEPS Project”).
● BEPS is a tax planning strategy that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to artificially
shift profits to low or no-tax locations where there is little or no economic activity, resulting
in little or no overall corporate tax being paid.

4. ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana’ has been launched for

5. The superintendence, direction, and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of elections to Panchayats and urban local bodies?

Answer: C
Explanation
● In 2014, the government launched Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) to bring about
comprehensive financial inclusion in the country.
● PMJDY envisages universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking
account for ‘every adult’, financial literacy, access to credit, insurance and pension
facility.

Features
● Under the scheme, a basic savings bank deposit (BSBD) account can be opened by
persons not having any other account.
● There is no requirement to maintain any minimum balance in PMJDY accounts.
● Interest is earned on the deposit in PMJDY accounts.
● Rupay Debit card is provided to PMJDY account holders.
● Accident Insurance Cover of Rs.2 lakh is available with RuPay card issued to the PMJDY
account holders.
● An overdraft (OD) facility up to Rs. 10,000 to eligible account holders is available.
● PMJDY accounts are eligible for Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti
Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), Atal Pension
Yojana (APY), Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA) scheme.

Answer: A
Explanation
● State Election Commission (SEC) is responsible for the superintendence, direction, and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of elections to Panchayats and urban local bodies.
● This responsibility is enshrined in the Constitution of India under the 73rd and 74th Amendments, which provide for the establishment of the State Election Commission in each
state.

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1. Consider the following statements about Gibbons.
1) Gibbons are a group of large-sized apes.
2) Gibbons are the smallest and fastest of all apes.
3) Hoolock gibbons are the only apes found in India..

Explanation
About Gibbons
● Gibbons are a group of small to medium-sized apes. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
● They are the smallest and fastest of all apes. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
● There are 20 species of Gibbons in the world.
● Gibbons are found in evergreen tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia, including countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, and Vietnam.

Types of Gibbons Found in India
● Hoolock gibbons are the only apes found in India. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
● It was widely considered that India has two species of Gibbons: the Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) and the Eastern Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys).
Western Hoolock Gibbon Eastern Hoolock Gibbon
● It is found in the northeastern states of India, including Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya.
● Western Hoolock gibbons have a white or pale browband, distinguishing them from Eastern Hoolock gibbons. ● Also found in northeastern India, particularly in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
● Eastern Hoolock gibbons have a distinct dark browband.


● However, a study conducted by the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) in 2021 proved that Hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) is the only gibbon found in India.
● Genetic analysis of the study noted that there is no separate species of eastern hoolock gibbon in northeast India, debunking earlier research that had suggested a separate species (the assumed eastern hoolock gibbon) based on coat colour.
Conservation Status
● Wildlife Protection Act (2022): Schedule I.
Why in News?
● The National Board for Wildlife has deferred permission for oil exploration by a company in Desoi Reserve forest in Assam, which is a habitat of the endangered Hoolock gibbon.