Answer: C
Soln:
● The ‘Right to silence’ is rooted in Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which stipulates
that no one can be compelled to testify against themselves.
● This provision grants accused individuals protection against self-incrimination,
constituting a fundamental right.
● It contains provisions related to No ex-post-facto law, No double jeopardy, No self-
incrimination.
Soln:
● The ‘Right to silence’ is rooted in Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which stipulates
that no one can be compelled to testify against themselves.
● This provision grants accused individuals protection against self-incrimination,
constituting a fundamental right.
● It contains provisions related to No ex-post-facto law, No double jeopardy, No self-
incrimination.
5. The Right to Silence is primarily associated with which Article of the Indian Constitution?
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1. The MISHTI initiative of the Indian Government aims to do which among the following?
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
Anonymous Quiz
78%
A. Reviving Mangroves
9%
B. Reviving Coral Reefs
8%
C. Reviving urban green cover
5%
D. Reviving tropical evergreen forests
Answer: A
Soln:
● The ‘Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)’ was
launched by the Government of India in 2023 to revive mangroves across the country.
Hence, option A is correct.
● The objective of the scheme is to increase the mangrove cover along the coastline and
on salt pan lands.
● Under the scheme, the government provides financial assistance to local communities to
undertake mangrove plantation activities.
● Funding Cycle: 80% of the project cost is borne by the Government of India, while the
remaining 20% is contributed by the respective State Governments.
Soln:
● The ‘Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)’ was
launched by the Government of India in 2023 to revive mangroves across the country.
Hence, option A is correct.
● The objective of the scheme is to increase the mangrove cover along the coastline and
on salt pan lands.
● Under the scheme, the government provides financial assistance to local communities to
undertake mangrove plantation activities.
● Funding Cycle: 80% of the project cost is borne by the Government of India, while the
remaining 20% is contributed by the respective State Governments.
2. Consider the following statements about the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
1. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to have liquid stages.
2. It is a three staged launch vehicle.
3. All Chandrayaan missions were carried out with this launch vehicle.
1. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to have liquid stages.
2. It is a three staged launch vehicle.
3. All Chandrayaan missions were carried out with this launch vehicle.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
39%
A. Only one
43%
B. Only two
14%
C. All the three
4%
D. None of the above
Answer: A
Soln:
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV):
● Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is
the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
● PSLV has a four-stage system comprising a combination of solid and liquid-fuelled
rocket stages. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
○ The first stage at the very bottom is solid fuelled, having six strap-on solid rocket
boosters wrapped around it. Second stage is liquid fuelled whereas the third stage
has a solid fuelled rocket motor. At the fourth stage, the launcher uses a liquid
propellant to boost in outer space.
● After its first successful launch in 1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable and versatile launch
vehicle of India. It has a famous reputation as a "workhorse", with a very low failure
rate.
● The PSLV can lift up to 3.8 tonnes to low-earth orbit.
● Some remarkable launches by PSLV are Chandrayaan-1 (First Indian lunar probe),
Mangalyaan-1 (First Mars Orbiter Mission by India) and Astrosat (First Indian dedicated
multi-wavelength space observatory). Chandrayaan 2 was carried out using GSLV. Hence,
statement 3 is incorrect.
● In addition to launching satellites into LEO, PSLV has also launched satellites for
communication, meteorology, navigation, scientific experiments and space
exploration missions.
Soln:
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV):
● Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is
the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
● PSLV has a four-stage system comprising a combination of solid and liquid-fuelled
rocket stages. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
○ The first stage at the very bottom is solid fuelled, having six strap-on solid rocket
boosters wrapped around it. Second stage is liquid fuelled whereas the third stage
has a solid fuelled rocket motor. At the fourth stage, the launcher uses a liquid
propellant to boost in outer space.
● After its first successful launch in 1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable and versatile launch
vehicle of India. It has a famous reputation as a "workhorse", with a very low failure
rate.
● The PSLV can lift up to 3.8 tonnes to low-earth orbit.
● Some remarkable launches by PSLV are Chandrayaan-1 (First Indian lunar probe),
Mangalyaan-1 (First Mars Orbiter Mission by India) and Astrosat (First Indian dedicated
multi-wavelength space observatory). Chandrayaan 2 was carried out using GSLV. Hence,
statement 3 is incorrect.
● In addition to launching satellites into LEO, PSLV has also launched satellites for
communication, meteorology, navigation, scientific experiments and space
exploration missions.
3. Consider the following statements.
1. Refraction is the property of a glass prism that causes the bending of light.
2. Birefringence is the property of certain materials causing light to slow down by different
amounts in two distinct directions.
3. Birefringence is caused by materials having more than one refractive index.
1. Refraction is the property of a glass prism that causes the bending of light.
2. Birefringence is the property of certain materials causing light to slow down by different
amounts in two distinct directions.
3. Birefringence is caused by materials having more than one refractive index.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A. Only one
36%
B. Only two
56%
C. All the three
2%
D. None of the above
4. Darfur, a region in Africa, seen in news often is a part of which of the following countries?
Answer: C
Soln:
● When light passes through a glass prism from air, its path bends due to a property of
the glass called refraction.
● The amount of bending depends on the material’s refractive index. It is calculated as the
ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the material.
● Some materials have more than one refractive index; that is, they slow the passage of
light to a different degree in two different directions. Such materials are said to be
birefringent.
● They occur naturally as well as can be engineered in the lab.
● Examples of naturally birefringent materials include mica and quartz; those of
synthetic ones include barium borate and lithium niobate.
● Certain materials’ birefringence can also be induced or modified by physically stressing
them or exposing them to electric or magnetic fields.
● Birefringence arises because the material has different crystal structures in different
directions, i.e. are anisotropic.
● Birefringent materials are used in LCD screens, medical microscopes, optical switches,
waveplates, frequency converters, and high-power lasers.
Soln:
● When light passes through a glass prism from air, its path bends due to a property of
the glass called refraction.
● The amount of bending depends on the material’s refractive index. It is calculated as the
ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the material.
● Some materials have more than one refractive index; that is, they slow the passage of
light to a different degree in two different directions. Such materials are said to be
birefringent.
● They occur naturally as well as can be engineered in the lab.
● Examples of naturally birefringent materials include mica and quartz; those of
synthetic ones include barium borate and lithium niobate.
● Certain materials’ birefringence can also be induced or modified by physically stressing
them or exposing them to electric or magnetic fields.
● Birefringence arises because the material has different crystal structures in different
directions, i.e. are anisotropic.
● Birefringent materials are used in LCD screens, medical microscopes, optical switches,
waveplates, frequency converters, and high-power lasers.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A. Morocco
53%
B. Congo
30%
C. South Africa
6%
D. Madagascar
5. How many of the following countries are members of the “Five Eyes Alliance”?
1. United States of America
2. United Kingdom
3. Japan
4. Australia
5. Canada
1. United States of America
2. United Kingdom
3. Japan
4. Australia
5. Canada
Answer: B
Soln:
● Darfur is a region in western Sudan. Hence, option B is correct.
● Operation Kaveri was India’s mission to rescue thousands of Indian citizens stranded in
Sudan in 2023.
● Darfur region is home to many Arab and Non-Arab tribes and tension among them was
not so uncommon.
● The situation escalated in 2003 when rebels, notably the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA)
and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), took up arms against the Sudanese
Government, protesting the unequal distribution of economic resources.
● This conflict pitted Sudanese Government forces, supported by allied militia known as the
Janjaweed, against rebel groups resisting the autocratic rule of former President Omar al-
Bashir.
● The result was a devastating toll on Darfur. Some 300,000 people lost their lives, and
millions were displaced, including 400,000 refugees who were forced to flee to camps in
neighbouring Chad.
● In response to these atrocities, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest
warrants against several Sudanese senior officials, including Omar al-Bashir, on
charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur.
Soln:
● Darfur is a region in western Sudan. Hence, option B is correct.
● Operation Kaveri was India’s mission to rescue thousands of Indian citizens stranded in
Sudan in 2023.
● Darfur region is home to many Arab and Non-Arab tribes and tension among them was
not so uncommon.
● The situation escalated in 2003 when rebels, notably the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA)
and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), took up arms against the Sudanese
Government, protesting the unequal distribution of economic resources.
● This conflict pitted Sudanese Government forces, supported by allied militia known as the
Janjaweed, against rebel groups resisting the autocratic rule of former President Omar al-
Bashir.
● The result was a devastating toll on Darfur. Some 300,000 people lost their lives, and
millions were displaced, including 400,000 refugees who were forced to flee to camps in
neighbouring Chad.
● In response to these atrocities, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest
warrants against several Sudanese senior officials, including Omar al-Bashir, on
charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur.
Choose the correct answer from the codes given below.
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A. Only two
16%
B. Only three
57%
C. Only four
22%
D. All five
Answer: C
Soln:
Five Eyes Alliance:
● “Five Eyes” refers to an intelligence-sharing alliance of the United States, United
Kingdom, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Japan is not a member. Hence, option C
is the correct answer.
● These partner countries share a broad range of intelligence with one another in one of the
world’s most unified multilateral arrangements.
● The alliance’s origins can be traced back to the Second World War.
● In recent years, common interests, such as balancing the rise of China, have led to a closer
alignment among the Five Eyes countries.
Soln:
Five Eyes Alliance:
● “Five Eyes” refers to an intelligence-sharing alliance of the United States, United
Kingdom, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Japan is not a member. Hence, option C
is the correct answer.
● These partner countries share a broad range of intelligence with one another in one of the
world’s most unified multilateral arrangements.
● The alliance’s origins can be traced back to the Second World War.
● In recent years, common interests, such as balancing the rise of China, have led to a closer
alignment among the Five Eyes countries.
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Dive deep into the world of UPSC preparation with our PYQs Answer Series!
Master the art of answering Previous Year Questions with expert guidance and detailed explanations.
Drop your answers in the comments, and let’s learn together!
#OfficersIASAcademy #UPSCPreparation #PYQsAnswerSeries #learnwithus