3) Answer: (A)
The campaign emphasizes Jan Andolan (people's movement). It focuses on five key pillars:
water conservation and rainwater harvesting, renovation of traditional water bodies (like
tanks/ponds), reuse and recharge of borewells, watershed development, and intensive
afforestation. Hence, Statement 1 is Correct.
While water conservation does help the environment, the Jal Sanchay/Jal Shakti Abhiyan is
primarily driven by the Ministry of Jal Shakti. Its core objective is to ensure water security
and the sustainable management of groundwater, rather than being a direct instrument
specifically for the Paris Agreement (though it aligns with climate adaptation). Hence,
Statement 2 is Incorrect.
Therefore, option A is the correct answ
The campaign emphasizes Jan Andolan (people's movement). It focuses on five key pillars:
water conservation and rainwater harvesting, renovation of traditional water bodies (like
tanks/ponds), reuse and recharge of borewells, watershed development, and intensive
afforestation. Hence, Statement 1 is Correct.
While water conservation does help the environment, the Jal Sanchay/Jal Shakti Abhiyan is
primarily driven by the Ministry of Jal Shakti. Its core objective is to ensure water security
and the sustainable management of groundwater, rather than being a direct instrument
specifically for the Paris Agreement (though it aligns with climate adaptation). Hence,
Statement 2 is Incorrect.
Therefore, option A is the correct answ
Consider the following statements regarding the benefits of Nano-Fertilizers in agriculture
1. 2. 3. 4. They increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption by plants.
They help in reducing soil and water pollution.
They are required in larger quantities than traditional fertilizers.
They allow for targeted delivery of nutrients through controlled-release mechanisms.
1. 2. 3. 4. They increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption by plants.
They help in reducing soil and water pollution.
They are required in larger quantities than traditional fertilizers.
They allow for targeted delivery of nutrients through controlled-release mechanisms.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Only one
16%
Only two
63%
Only three
13%
All of the above
4) Answer: (C)
They increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption by plants is Correct Because
nano-particles are extremely small, they have a higher surface area and can penetrate plant
cells more effectively than bulky traditional fertilizers. Hence, Statement 1 is Correct.
●
●
●
●
Since plants absorb nano-fertilizers more efficiently, there is less "run-off" into nearby rivers
or "leaching" into groundwater. Hence, Statement 2 is Correct.
This is the biggest advantage—you need much smaller quantities. For instance, a 500 ml
bottle of Nano Urea can replace a traditional 45 kg bag of granular urea. . Hence, Statement
3 is Incorrect.
They allow for targeted delivery of nutrients: Correct. Nano-fertilizers can be "programmed"
or encapsulated to release nutrients slowly over time or only when the plant specifically needs
them (controlled-release). . Hence, Statement 4 is Correct.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
They increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption by plants is Correct Because
nano-particles are extremely small, they have a higher surface area and can penetrate plant
cells more effectively than bulky traditional fertilizers. Hence, Statement 1 is Correct.
●
●
●
●
Since plants absorb nano-fertilizers more efficiently, there is less "run-off" into nearby rivers
or "leaching" into groundwater. Hence, Statement 2 is Correct.
This is the biggest advantage—you need much smaller quantities. For instance, a 500 ml
bottle of Nano Urea can replace a traditional 45 kg bag of granular urea. . Hence, Statement
3 is Incorrect.
They allow for targeted delivery of nutrients: Correct. Nano-fertilizers can be "programmed"
or encapsulated to release nutrients slowly over time or only when the plant specifically needs
them (controlled-release). . Hence, Statement 4 is Correct.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
5) Consider the following statements
1. Some cats are herbivores
2. Some cats are naturally poisonous.
3. Some cats are nocturnal.
1. Some cats are herbivores
2. Some cats are naturally poisonous.
3. Some cats are nocturnal.
How many of the above statements are not correct?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
Only one
23%
Only two
60%
All the three
8%
None
5) Answer: (B)
All members of the family Felidae (cats) are obligate carnivores. This means their bodies
are biologically designed to process nutrients primarily from animal tissue and they cannot
thrive on a plant-only diet. Hence, Statement 1 is Incorrect
There are no known species of feline that are naturally poisonous (toxic if eaten) or
venomous (injecting toxins via bite or sting). While some mammals, like the platypus or
certain shrews, have such traits, cats do not. Hence, Statement 2 is Incorrect
Many cat species, including the domestic cat and many wild big cats, are nocturnal or
crepuscular (most active at dawn and dusk). Their eyes are specifically adapted with a
All members of the family Felidae (cats) are obligate carnivores. This means their bodies
are biologically designed to process nutrients primarily from animal tissue and they cannot
thrive on a plant-only diet. Hence, Statement 1 is Incorrect
There are no known species of feline that are naturally poisonous (toxic if eaten) or
venomous (injecting toxins via bite or sting). While some mammals, like the platypus or
certain shrews, have such traits, cats do not. Hence, Statement 2 is Incorrect
Many cat species, including the domestic cat and many wild big cats, are nocturnal or
crepuscular (most active at dawn and dusk). Their eyes are specifically adapted with a
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Attend an inspiring seminar by Mr. R.A. Israel Jebasingh, Ex-IAS (All India Rank 59) and discover how to prepare effectively for the Civil Services Examination with proven strategies, learn about the exam structure, understand the nuances and get a glimpse into the life and responsibilities of a civil servant.
📅 Date: April 4, 2026
🕥 Time: 10:00 AM
📍 Venue: Thiagarajar College of Preceptors, Teppakulam West, Meenakshi Nagar, Madurai
We also invite parents to be a part of this session and understand the roadmap and commitment required for UPSC success. Don’t miss this chance to receive valuable guidance from one of the best mentors in the field!
To Register : https://forms.gle/hN2hBBPpK1MxmX5T6
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With reference to INS Dunagiri, consider the following statements:
1. It is a part of the Project 17A stealth frigate programme of the Indian Navy.
2. It is equipped with BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles and Medium Range
Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM) system.
3. It has an indigenisation content of about 75 percent and involved participation of
MSMEs.
1. It is a part of the Project 17A stealth frigate programme of the Indian Navy.
2. It is equipped with BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles and Medium Range
Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM) system.
3. It has an indigenisation content of about 75 percent and involved participation of
MSMEs.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
1 and 2 only
16%
1 and 3 only
8%
2 and 3 only
59%
1, 2 and 3
Answer: (D)
● INS Dunagiri is the fourth ship of Project 17A (Nilgiri-class). These advanced stealth
frigates are follow-ons to the Shivalik-class, designed with improved stealth features and
lower radar signatures. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The Nilgiri-class frigates are multi-mission combat platforms equipped with BrahMos
supersonic cruise missiles for long-range surface strikes and the Medium Range
Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM) system for air defence.Hence statement 2 is correct.
● A hallmark of Project 17A is its focus on self-reliance under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat
initiative. The ships feature approximately 75% indigenous content and have involved the
participation of over 200 MSMEs in their construction and supply chain. Hence Statement
3 is correct.
● Therefore option D is the correct answer.
● INS Dunagiri is the fourth ship of Project 17A (Nilgiri-class). These advanced stealth
frigates are follow-ons to the Shivalik-class, designed with improved stealth features and
lower radar signatures. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● The Nilgiri-class frigates are multi-mission combat platforms equipped with BrahMos
supersonic cruise missiles for long-range surface strikes and the Medium Range
Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM) system for air defence.Hence statement 2 is correct.
● A hallmark of Project 17A is its focus on self-reliance under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat
initiative. The ships feature approximately 75% indigenous content and have involved the
participation of over 200 MSMEs in their construction and supply chain. Hence Statement
3 is correct.
● Therefore option D is the correct answer.
With reference to the Nagoya Protocol, consider the following statements:
1. It provides a framework for access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization.
2. It is a legally binding agreement under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
1. It provides a framework for access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization.
2. It is a legally binding agreement under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
33%
1 only
8%
2 only
58%
Both 1 and 2
1%
Neither 1 nor 2
Answer:(C)
The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological
Diversity, adopted in 2010 at Nagoya, Japan. It provides a legal framework for the fair and
equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources, thereby
promoting conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Protocol requires countries to
obtain prior informed consent and establish mutually agreed terms before accessing biological
resources and associated traditional knowledge, ensuring that local communities and
indigenous peoples receive a share of benefits. It also aims to prevent biopiracy and enhance
transparency in the use of genetic materials, contributing to global environmental governance
and sustainable development.
The Nagoya Protocol establishes rules for Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of genetic
resources.Hence, statement 1 is correct.
It is a legally binding agreement, not voluntary, under the CBD.Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
Therefore option C is the correct answer.
The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological
Diversity, adopted in 2010 at Nagoya, Japan. It provides a legal framework for the fair and
equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources, thereby
promoting conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Protocol requires countries to
obtain prior informed consent and establish mutually agreed terms before accessing biological
resources and associated traditional knowledge, ensuring that local communities and
indigenous peoples receive a share of benefits. It also aims to prevent biopiracy and enhance
transparency in the use of genetic materials, contributing to global environmental governance
and sustainable development.
The Nagoya Protocol establishes rules for Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of genetic
resources.Hence, statement 1 is correct.
It is a legally binding agreement, not voluntary, under the CBD.Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
Therefore option C is the correct answer.
Which of the following statements regarding the origin of Nalanda University is incorrect?
(a) The seals found at the site identify 'Shakraditya' as the founding monarch.
(b) It was established during the 5th century CE, marking the transition from the Early to
the Later Gupta period.
(c) The Chinese traveler Faxian (Fa-Hien) provided the most detailed eyewitness account
of the university's foundation ceremonies during his visit.
(d) The site was chosen due to its proximity to Rajgir, a city of great significance to both
Buddhism and Jainism.
(a) The seals found at the site identify 'Shakraditya' as the founding monarch.
(b) It was established during the 5th century CE, marking the transition from the Early to
the Later Gupta period.
(c) The Chinese traveler Faxian (Fa-Hien) provided the most detailed eyewitness account
of the university's foundation ceremonies during his visit.
(d) The site was chosen due to its proximity to Rajgir, a city of great significance to both
Buddhism and Jainism.
Answer: (C)
Nalanda Mahavihara, established in the 5th century CE by the Gupta Emperor
Kumaragupta I (Shakraditya), represents the pinnacle of ancient India's residential
education and intellectual "soft power." Located near Rajgir, it transcended its Buddhist
origins to become a holistic center for secular sciences like astronomy, medicine, and logic
(Hetuvidya), attracting global scholars such as Xuanzang and receiving sustained patronage
from the Harsha and Pala dynasties through the Agrahara (land grant) system. Its decline
following the 12th-century invasion by Bakhtiyar Khilji marked a major shift in the Indian
educational landscape, but its legacy is now being revived through a modern, Net-Zero
international campus that integrates ancient Magadha water management techniques with
21st-century sustainability. Therefore option C is the correct answer.
Nalanda Mahavihara, established in the 5th century CE by the Gupta Emperor
Kumaragupta I (Shakraditya), represents the pinnacle of ancient India's residential
education and intellectual "soft power." Located near Rajgir, it transcended its Buddhist
origins to become a holistic center for secular sciences like astronomy, medicine, and logic
(Hetuvidya), attracting global scholars such as Xuanzang and receiving sustained patronage
from the Harsha and Pala dynasties through the Agrahara (land grant) system. Its decline
following the 12th-century invasion by Bakhtiyar Khilji marked a major shift in the Indian
educational landscape, but its legacy is now being revived through a modern, Net-Zero
international campus that integrates ancient Magadha water management techniques with
21st-century sustainability. Therefore option C is the correct answer.
With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0, consider the
following statements:
1. The scheme includes a dedicated vertical for rental purposes also targeting urban
migrants, industrial workers, and working women.
2. It mandates that the female head of the household must be the owner or co-owner of
the house.
following statements:
1. The scheme includes a dedicated vertical for rental purposes also targeting urban
migrants, industrial workers, and working women.
2. It mandates that the female head of the household must be the owner or co-owner of
the house.
Which of the following statement(s) given above is/are correct?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
1 only
16%
2 only
60%
Both 1 and 2
2%
Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (C)
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0 is a flagship scheme of the
Government of India launched to ensure “Housing for All” by 2030 in urban areas. It aims to
provide pucca houses with basic amenities to eligible urban poor, including economically
weaker sections, lower- and middle-income groups.
The scheme has four main verticals:
1. In-situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) – Redevelopment of slums with private
participation.
2. Affordable Housing through Credit-Linked Subsidy (CLSS) – Subsidy for home
loans to eligible individuals.
3. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) – Collaboration with private developers
for affordable homes.
4. Affordable Rental Housing (ARH) – New vertical under PMAY-U 2.0, targeting
urban migrants, industrial workers, and working women, to provide rental
housing. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
The scheme mandates female ownership or co-ownership of the house to promote women
empowerment and financial inclusion. This is a core design feature of PMAY-U. Hence,
statement 2 is correct. Therefore option C is the correct answer.
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0 is a flagship scheme of the
Government of India launched to ensure “Housing for All” by 2030 in urban areas. It aims to
provide pucca houses with basic amenities to eligible urban poor, including economically
weaker sections, lower- and middle-income groups.
The scheme has four main verticals:
1. In-situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) – Redevelopment of slums with private
participation.
2. Affordable Housing through Credit-Linked Subsidy (CLSS) – Subsidy for home
loans to eligible individuals.
3. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) – Collaboration with private developers
for affordable homes.
4. Affordable Rental Housing (ARH) – New vertical under PMAY-U 2.0, targeting
urban migrants, industrial workers, and working women, to provide rental
housing. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
The scheme mandates female ownership or co-ownership of the house to promote women
empowerment and financial inclusion. This is a core design feature of PMAY-U. Hence,
statement 2 is correct. Therefore option C is the correct answer.
With reference to countries sharing a land border with Myanmar, consider the following
statements:
1. China
2. Bangladesh
3. Vietnam
4. Thailand
5. Laos
statements:
1. China
2. Bangladesh
3. Vietnam
4. Thailand
5. Laos