Which of the following gases are considered greenhouse gases
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water vapor
3. Nitrous oxide
4. Nitrogen
5. Halons
6. Argon

Answer: (D)
● Carbon dioxide:The primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities.
● Water vapor: The most abundant greenhouse gas; it increases as the atmosphere warms,
creating a feedback loop.
● Nitrous oxide: A powerful greenhouse gas largely emitted from agricultural and industrial
activities.
● Nitrogen: It makes up about 78% of our atmosphere but is not a greenhouse gas because its
molecules (two identical atoms) do not absorb infrared radiation.
● Halons:Ozone-depleting substances that are also potent greenhouse gases. However, in most
standard multiple-choice questions for competitive exams, they are categorized primarily as
ozone-depleters unless "all of the above" or a more inclusive option is provided.
● Argon: Like Nitrogen, Argon is an inert noble gas and does not trap heat.
● Therefore , D is the correct answer.

4) With reference to the President of India, consider the following statements:
1. Unlike the President of the United States, the Indian President can be re-elected any
number of times.
2. To be eligible for election as President of India, a person must be qualified for election
as a member of the Rajya Sabha.

Answer: (A)
The President of India is the constitutional head of the State and part of Parliament.
Elected indirectly by an Electoral College using proportional representation and single
transferable vote.
● The President of India can be re-elected any number of times, as the Constitution
of India does not prescribe any limit on the number of terms.
● For example, Rajendra Prasad served two terms, making him the only President to do
so.
● In contrast, the President of the United States is restricted to a maximum of two
terms under the 22nd Amendment to the US Constitution.
● Hence, statement 1 is correct.
● According to the Constitution of India, a person contesting for the office of President
must be qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
● Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Consider the following:
1. Cholera
2. Typhoid
3. Malaria
4. Hepatitis A
5. Giardiasis

Answer: (D)
Cholera: Caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, cholera spreads through the ingestion of
contaminated water or food. It is a classic water-borne disease that leads to severe diarrhea
and dehydration.
Typhoid: Caused by Salmonella Typhi, typhoid is transmitted via the feco-oral route, often
through contaminated water. It is a significant water-borne illness, characterized by prolonged
fever and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Malaria: Caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, malaria is not water-borne. It spreads
through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, leading to recurrent fevers, chills,
and anemia.
Hepatitis A: Caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), it spreads through ingestion of
contaminated water or food. Hepatitis A is a water-borne viral disease affecting the liver and
causing jaundice and fatigue.
Giardiasis: Caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia, giardiasis spreads via ingestion of
water containing cysts. It is a water-borne parasitic infection resulting in diarrhea, abdominal
cramps, and nausea.
Therefore , option D is the correct answer

Answer: (B)
The Bab-el-Mandeb Strait lies between Yemen and Djibouti/Eritrea and connects the Red
Sea to the Gulf of Aden, which further opens into the Arabian Sea.
Therefore , Option B is the correct answer.

With reference to River Chambal, consider the following statements:
1. The river rises in the Janapav Hills of the Vindhya Range
2. This river flows west and joins the Ganges as one of its tributaries.
3. This river passes through three states only.

Answer: (B)
The Chambal River originates in the Janapav Hills (elevation approx. 854m) of the
Vindhya Range, located near Mhow in the Indore district of Madhya Pradesh.
Statement 1 is Correct
The river flows in a north–northeast direction, not westward. It joins the Yamuna River at
Etawah in Uttar Pradesh, rather than directly merging with the Ganges. Although the
Yamuna is a tributary of the Ganges, the Chambal is technically a tributary of the
Yamuna.Statement 2 is Incorrect
The river flows through exactly three states:Madhya Pradesh (Source and major flow),
Rajasthan (Flows through the southeastern part and forms the border) and Uttar
Pradesh (Confluence with the Yamuna).Statement 3 is Correct.
Therefore , option B is the correct answer.

With reference to the nominated members of Parliament in India, consider the following
statements:
1. They are nominated for having special knowledge or practical experience in literature,
arts, science, sports and social service.
2. Nominated members cannot vote in the election of the President and Vice-President.

Answer: (C)
Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are appointed by the President of India under Article
80 of the Constitution. A maximum of 12 members can be nominated to the Rajya Sabha.
Article 80(3) explicitly lists only four fields: Literature, Science, Art, and Social Service.
While sportspersons like Sachin Tendulkar or P.T. Usha have been nominated, they are
categorized under "Art" or "Social Service." The Constitution does not list "sports" as a
standalone category for nomination. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
They enjoy most of the rights and privileges of elected members, including participating in
debates and voting on ordinary legislation. However, they do not vote in the election of the
President of India, since they are not part of the Electoral College, but they are entitled to
vote in the election of the Vice-President, as members of both Houses of Parliament
participate in that process. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Therefore, option C is the
correct answer.

With reference to the legal procedure in India, consider the following statements:
1. In Police custody, the accused is under the Magistrate and kept in jail.
2. In Judicial custody, the accused is kept in a police lock-up and can be interrogated
without prior court permission.