Answer: (B)
● Statement I: The PARIVARTAN Scheme aims to reduce transport-related air
pollution in the Delhi-NCR region by accelerating the replacement of old
commercial vehicles. Hence, Statement I is correct.
● Statement II: The scheme combines financial support with vehicle replacement to
facilitate the transition towards cleaner commercial transport. This directly explains
how the objective stated in Statement I is pursued. Hence, Relationship 1 is
correct.
● Statement III: The scheme covers eligible trucks and buses registered in Delhi and
specified NCR districts of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Thus, it
specifies the geographical scope of the intervention mentioned in Statement I.
Hence, Relationship 2 is correct.
● Relationship 3: Statement II does not contradict Statement I. Financial support is
an instrument used to achieve the broader objective of reducing transport-related
pollution. Hence, Relationship 3 is incorrect.
● Therefore, Relationships 1 and 2 are correct.
● Hence, option (B) is the correct answer.
● Statement I: The PARIVARTAN Scheme aims to reduce transport-related air
pollution in the Delhi-NCR region by accelerating the replacement of old
commercial vehicles. Hence, Statement I is correct.
● Statement II: The scheme combines financial support with vehicle replacement to
facilitate the transition towards cleaner commercial transport. This directly explains
how the objective stated in Statement I is pursued. Hence, Relationship 1 is
correct.
● Statement III: The scheme covers eligible trucks and buses registered in Delhi and
specified NCR districts of Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Thus, it
specifies the geographical scope of the intervention mentioned in Statement I.
Hence, Relationship 2 is correct.
● Relationship 3: Statement II does not contradict Statement I. Financial support is
an instrument used to achieve the broader objective of reducing transport-related
pollution. Hence, Relationship 3 is incorrect.
● Therefore, Relationships 1 and 2 are correct.
● Hence, option (B) is the correct answer.
Which of the following are indigenous Artificial Intelligence (AI) models developed in India?
1. Krutrim
2. Evon
3. Param
4. Qwen
1. Krutrim
2. Evon
3. Param
4. Qwen
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Answer: (A)
● Krutrim — Correct: Krutrim is an indigenous AI model developed in India, with a focus on Indian languages and applications.
● Evon — Correct: Evon is an indigenous AI model developed by Gnani AI in India, with a focus on Indian languages and sovereign AI capabilities.
● Param — Correct: Param is a multilingual foundation-model family developed under BharatGen, an Indian initiative focused on building indigenous AI capabilities.
● Qwen — Incorrect: Qwen is a family of AI models developed by Alibaba Cloud of China. Therefore, it is not an indigenous Indian AI model.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.
● Krutrim — Correct: Krutrim is an indigenous AI model developed in India, with a focus on Indian languages and applications.
● Evon — Correct: Evon is an indigenous AI model developed by Gnani AI in India, with a focus on Indian languages and sovereign AI capabilities.
● Param — Correct: Param is a multilingual foundation-model family developed under BharatGen, an Indian initiative focused on building indigenous AI capabilities.
● Qwen — Incorrect: Qwen is a family of AI models developed by Alibaba Cloud of China. Therefore, it is not an indigenous Indian AI model.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.
Dear Students,
CCA Prelims 2027 will commence from 4th September 2026.
Class Schedule
- Classes: Monday, Wednesday & Friday
- Frequency: 2–3 classes per week
- Time: 7:00 PM
- Duration: Around 45 minutes per class
- Class materials will be provided as PDF after class
- Practice Questions: Sent the following day after each class
Full-Length Test
- 2nd Monday of every month
- Duration: 2 hours
- 100 Questions
- From March full length tests on CCA will be every fortnight
Each class recording will be available for 7 days from the date of the class only
After the 7-day access period, the recording will no longer be available for viewing. Students are therefore advised to attend the live classes regularly and complete the practice questions within the stipulated time.
ALL CCA content is for registered students only. Class videos, PDFs and digital materials are made individually traceable and it will be under copyright act violations if shared. Any unauthorised sharing is strictly prohibited under law.
Classes will cover all subjects like History, Geography, Economics, International Relations,Constitution, Environment, Science from Current affairs point of view in addition to Classes on Current events of national and international importance.
Regards,
R.A. Israel Jebasingh
Director, Officers IAS Academy
CCA Prelims 2027 will commence from 4th September 2026.
Class Schedule
- Classes: Monday, Wednesday & Friday
- Frequency: 2–3 classes per week
- Time: 7:00 PM
- Duration: Around 45 minutes per class
- Class materials will be provided as PDF after class
- Practice Questions: Sent the following day after each class
Full-Length Test
- 2nd Monday of every month
- Duration: 2 hours
- 100 Questions
- From March full length tests on CCA will be every fortnight
Each class recording will be available for 7 days from the date of the class only
After the 7-day access period, the recording will no longer be available for viewing. Students are therefore advised to attend the live classes regularly and complete the practice questions within the stipulated time.
ALL CCA content is for registered students only. Class videos, PDFs and digital materials are made individually traceable and it will be under copyright act violations if shared. Any unauthorised sharing is strictly prohibited under law.
Classes will cover all subjects like History, Geography, Economics, International Relations,Constitution, Environment, Science from Current affairs point of view in addition to Classes on Current events of national and international importance.
Regards,
R.A. Israel Jebasingh
Director, Officers IAS Academy
The San Andreas Fault is a major active fault system in California, USA, forming the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.
UPSC Focus: Plate Tectonics | Transform Boundaries | Strike-Slip Faults | Earthquakes | Pacific Plate | North American Plate | Seismic Hazards.
UPSC Focus: Plate Tectonics | Transform Boundaries | Strike-Slip Faults | Earthquakes | Pacific Plate | North American Plate | Seismic Hazards.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on 31 August–1 September 2026. The SCO also marked its 25th anniversary in 2026.
India’s participation: Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the summit and highlighted India’s priorities of Security, Connectivity and Opportunity (S-C-O).
Important for UPSC: Remember SCO – 2001 – Shanghai – Eurasia – Security/Connectivity – India became a full member in 2017 – 26th Summit 2026: Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
India’s participation: Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the summit and highlighted India’s priorities of Security, Connectivity and Opportunity (S-C-O).
Important for UPSC: Remember SCO – 2001 – Shanghai – Eurasia – Security/Connectivity – India became a full member in 2017 – 26th Summit 2026: Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
ntroduced in 2014–15, Price Stabilisation Fund enables the government to intervene in markets when prices rise sharply or fall significantly.
The government procures and maintains buffer stocks of selected commodities and releases them into the market when prices rise.
The government procures and maintains buffer stocks of selected commodities and releases them into the market when prices rise.
Consider the following statements regarding the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2026:
1. A uniform tax framework applies to mining activities under the amended framework.
2. No tax or cess shall be imposed by a State Government on mineral rights or mineral-bearing lands.
3. Minor minerals do not remain entirely under the control of State Governments.
1. A uniform tax framework applies to mining activities under the amended framework.
2. No tax or cess shall be imposed by a State Government on mineral rights or mineral-bearing lands.
3. Minor minerals do not remain entirely under the control of State Governments.
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Answer: A
Explanation
Statement 1 — Correct: The MMDR Amendment Act, 2026 seeks to establish a more uniform and predictable fiscal framework for the mineral sector by restricting disparate State-level taxes, cesses and other levies.
Statement 2 — Correct: Under Section 9D(1), States cannot impose a tax, cess or other levy on mineral rights or mineral-bearing lands, whether based on mineral quantity, mineral value, royalty payable or otherwise, except in accordance with conditions/restrictions prescribed by the Central Government.
Statement 3 — Incorrect: The amendment does not remove the existing distinction between major and minor minerals or transfer all control over minor minerals to the Centre. State Governments continue to have substantial regulatory powers over minor minerals under the MMDR framework.
Explanation
Statement 1 — Correct: The MMDR Amendment Act, 2026 seeks to establish a more uniform and predictable fiscal framework for the mineral sector by restricting disparate State-level taxes, cesses and other levies.
Statement 2 — Correct: Under Section 9D(1), States cannot impose a tax, cess or other levy on mineral rights or mineral-bearing lands, whether based on mineral quantity, mineral value, royalty payable or otherwise, except in accordance with conditions/restrictions prescribed by the Central Government.
Statement 3 — Incorrect: The amendment does not remove the existing distinction between major and minor minerals or transfer all control over minor minerals to the Centre. State Governments continue to have substantial regulatory powers over minor minerals under the MMDR framework.
Consider the following statements regarding Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems:
1. It is a combined software and hardware architecture used to monitor, gather real-time data, and control large-scale industrial processes from remote locations.
2. Modern SCADA systems run on their own closed-off networks, making them pretty much safe from online hackers.
3. In India, the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) is the designated nodal agency for protecting SCADA networks deployed in critical sectors like power and telecommunications.
1. It is a combined software and hardware architecture used to monitor, gather real-time data, and control large-scale industrial processes from remote locations.
2. Modern SCADA systems run on their own closed-off networks, making them pretty much safe from online hackers.
3. In India, the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) is the designated nodal agency for protecting SCADA networks deployed in critical sectors like power and telecommunications.
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM