With reference to Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), consider the following statements:
1. LSD is a contagious vector-borne viral disease that primarily affects cattle.
2. Lumpy Skin Disease Virus has a similar immune response with Sheep Pox Virus.
3. Outbreaks of LSD are associated with conditions of high temperature and high humidity.
4. Since there is no specific treatment for the virus, vaccination is an important means of preventing and controlling the disease.
1. LSD is a contagious vector-borne viral disease that primarily affects cattle.
2. Lumpy Skin Disease Virus has a similar immune response with Sheep Pox Virus.
3. Outbreaks of LSD are associated with conditions of high temperature and high humidity.
4. Since there is no specific treatment for the virus, vaccination is an important means of preventing and controlling the disease.
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Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease affecting cattle and buffaloes.It is caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), belonging to the Capripoxvirus group.It is mainly transmitted mechanically through arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes, biting flies and ticks. LSD was first confirmed in India (West Bengal and Odisha in September 2019)
Statement 2 is correct: LSDV has a similar immune response with Sheep Pox Virus. This immunological relationship is important because poxvirus vaccines can provide protection against LSD. The Goat Pox vaccine has been used for controlling LSD in cattle and buffaloes and has been found effective against the disease.
Statement 3 is correct: LSD outbreaks are associated with high temperature and high humidity. Such conditions favour the multiplication and activity of blood-feeding insect vectors, increasing the possibility of disease transmission. Therefore, LSD is a vector-borne viral disease, rather than a disease transmitted primarily through direct animal-to-animal contact.
Statement 4 is correct: There is no specific treatment for LSD. Supportive/non-specific treatment may be provided to affected animals. Vaccination is the most effective method for controlling LSD. India developed the indigenous Lumpi-ProVacInd, a homologous live-attenuated LSD vaccine, through ICAR-NRCE and ICAR-IVRI.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease affecting cattle and buffaloes.It is caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), belonging to the Capripoxvirus group.It is mainly transmitted mechanically through arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes, biting flies and ticks. LSD was first confirmed in India (West Bengal and Odisha in September 2019)
Statement 2 is correct: LSDV has a similar immune response with Sheep Pox Virus. This immunological relationship is important because poxvirus vaccines can provide protection against LSD. The Goat Pox vaccine has been used for controlling LSD in cattle and buffaloes and has been found effective against the disease.
Statement 3 is correct: LSD outbreaks are associated with high temperature and high humidity. Such conditions favour the multiplication and activity of blood-feeding insect vectors, increasing the possibility of disease transmission. Therefore, LSD is a vector-borne viral disease, rather than a disease transmitted primarily through direct animal-to-animal contact.
Statement 4 is correct: There is no specific treatment for LSD. Supportive/non-specific treatment may be provided to affected animals. Vaccination is the most effective method for controlling LSD. India developed the indigenous Lumpi-ProVacInd, a homologous live-attenuated LSD vaccine, through ICAR-NRCE and ICAR-IVRI.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the final three sections of the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC), making the entire corridor operational.
It allows faster and more reliable movement of freight, particularly containers and bulk commodities, while reducing congestion on conventional railway routes.
Important for UPSC:
WDFC → Dadri–JNPT →Faster cargo movement → Port connectivity → Lower logistics costs.
It allows faster and more reliable movement of freight, particularly containers and bulk commodities, while reducing congestion on conventional railway routes.
Important for UPSC:
WDFC → Dadri–JNPT →Faster cargo movement → Port connectivity → Lower logistics costs.
Consider the following statements regarding the International Energy Agency:
1. IEA is an international energy forum established under the framework of UN-Energy.
2. To become an IEA member, a country must be a member of the OECD.
3. India joined the IEA as a member in 1974 following the oil crisis.
1. IEA is an international energy forum established under the framework of UN-Energy.
2. To become an IEA member, a country must be a member of the OECD.
3. India joined the IEA as a member in 1974 following the oil crisis.
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Answer: (C)
Statement 1 is incorrect: IEA was established under the framework of the OECD, not UN-Energy.
Statement 2 is correct: OECD membership is a prerequisite for becoming an IEA member, along with fulfilling other eligibility requirements.
Statement 3 is incorrect: India became an IEA Association country in 2017, not a member in 1974.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: IEA was established under the framework of the OECD, not UN-Energy.
Statement 2 is correct: OECD membership is a prerequisite for becoming an IEA member, along with fulfilling other eligibility requirements.
Statement 3 is incorrect: India became an IEA Association country in 2017, not a member in 1974.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Consider the following assertion:
Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) 3.0 seeks to transform land administration from basic digitisation to an integrated, GIS-enabled digital land ecosystem.
Which of the following is/are the basis of the above assertion?
1. It creates a Land Stack as a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) for land-related information.
2. It includes the NAKSHA pilot for GIS-based mapping of urban land parcels.
3. It is implemented by the Department of Land Resources under the Ministry of Rural Development.
Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) 3.0 seeks to transform land administration from basic digitisation to an integrated, GIS-enabled digital land ecosystem.
Which of the following is/are the basis of the above assertion?
1. It creates a Land Stack as a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) for land-related information.
2. It includes the NAKSHA pilot for GIS-based mapping of urban land parcels.
3. It is implemented by the Department of Land Resources under the Ministry of Rural Development.
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Answer: (D)
Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme is the programme/scheme and DILRMP 3.0 refers to its new operational guidelines for 2026–2031.
Implementing department: Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development.
Land Stack: Aims to create an integrated digital ecosystem for land-related information and services.
NAKSHA: Stands for National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations. It focuses on the modernisation of urban land records through GIS-integrated digital land-parcel maps.
Technologies under NAKSHA: Uses aerial surveys, drones, GNSS-based field surveys and Web-GIS; LiDAR and oblique cameras are also used for specific urban environments.
ULPIN/Bhu-Aadhaar: DILRMP includes Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN), also referred to as Bhu-Aadhaar, for uniquely identifying land parcels.
Nature of DILRMP: DILRMP was converted into a Central Sector Scheme with 100% Central Government funding from April 2016.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme is the programme/scheme and DILRMP 3.0 refers to its new operational guidelines for 2026–2031.
Implementing department: Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development.
Land Stack: Aims to create an integrated digital ecosystem for land-related information and services.
NAKSHA: Stands for National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations. It focuses on the modernisation of urban land records through GIS-integrated digital land-parcel maps.
Technologies under NAKSHA: Uses aerial surveys, drones, GNSS-based field surveys and Web-GIS; LiDAR and oblique cameras are also used for specific urban environments.
ULPIN/Bhu-Aadhaar: DILRMP includes Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN), also referred to as Bhu-Aadhaar, for uniquely identifying land parcels.
Nature of DILRMP: DILRMP was converted into a Central Sector Scheme with 100% Central Government funding from April 2016.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE):
1. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is a statutory body established under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
2. One of the core functions of BEE is to develop policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles to reduce the energy intensity of the Indian economy.
3. The Bureau administers the Standards and Labeling program, which mandates star ratings for key energy-consuming appliances to drive consumer awareness and market transformation.
1. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is a statutory body established under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
2. One of the core functions of BEE is to develop policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles to reduce the energy intensity of the Indian economy.
3. The Bureau administers the Standards and Labeling program, which mandates star ratings for key energy-consuming appliances to drive consumer awareness and market transformation.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 – Correct: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a statutory body established under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. It functions under the Ministry of Power and is responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation.
Statement 2 – Correct: BEE develops policies and strategies with emphasis on self-regulation and market principles to promote energy efficiency and reduce the energy intensity of the Indian economy.
Statement 3 – Correct: BEE administers the Standards & Labelling (S&L) Programme, under which energy-consuming appliances are assigned star ratings based on their energy efficiency. This enables consumers to make informed choices and encourages manufacturers to improve energy efficiency.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement 1 – Correct: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a statutory body established under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. It functions under the Ministry of Power and is responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation.
Statement 2 – Correct: BEE develops policies and strategies with emphasis on self-regulation and market principles to promote energy efficiency and reduce the energy intensity of the Indian economy.
Statement 3 – Correct: BEE administers the Standards & Labelling (S&L) Programme, under which energy-consuming appliances are assigned star ratings based on their energy efficiency. This enables consumers to make informed choices and encourages manufacturers to improve energy efficiency.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding the joint military exercise "Yudh Abhyas":
1. It is an annual bilateral exercise conducted between India and France
2. The Indian Navy is part of this exercise.
3. Its primary objective is to enhance interoperability and share tactical expertise in counter-terrorism operations under the United Nations mandate.
1. It is an annual bilateral exercise conducted between India and France
2. The Indian Navy is part of this exercise.
3. Its primary objective is to enhance interoperability and share tactical expertise in counter-terrorism operations under the United Nations mandate.
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Answer: (A)
Statement 1 is incorrect: "Yudh Abhyas" is an annual bilateral joint military exercise conducted between India and the United States, not France. (Bilateral exercises between India and France include Exercise Shakti for the Army, Exercise Varuna for the Navy, and Exercise Garuda for the Air Force).
Statement 2 is incorrect: "Yudh Abhyas" is an army-level field training exercise conducted primarily between the Indian Army and the United States Army. The Indian Navy is not a component of this exercise.
Statement 3 is correct: The primary objective of Exercise Yudh Abhyas is to enhance interoperability, share best practices, and build tactical expertise in joint counter-terrorism and disaster response operations under a United Nations mandate.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: "Yudh Abhyas" is an annual bilateral joint military exercise conducted between India and the United States, not France. (Bilateral exercises between India and France include Exercise Shakti for the Army, Exercise Varuna for the Navy, and Exercise Garuda for the Air Force).
Statement 2 is incorrect: "Yudh Abhyas" is an army-level field training exercise conducted primarily between the Indian Army and the United States Army. The Indian Navy is not a component of this exercise.
Statement 3 is correct: The primary objective of Exercise Yudh Abhyas is to enhance interoperability, share best practices, and build tactical expertise in joint counter-terrorism and disaster response operations under a United Nations mandate.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.