Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk in New Delhi on October 2026 during Tusk’s official visit to India. It was the first visit to India by a Polish Prime Minister since 2010.
Important for UPSC: International Relations → India–Poland Relations → Strategic Partnership → European Union → Defence Cooperation → Critical Minerals → UNSC Reform → IMEC.
Important for UPSC: International Relations → India–Poland Relations → Strategic Partnership → European Union → Defence Cooperation → Critical Minerals → UNSC Reform → IMEC.
Consider the following statements regarding tropical cyclones:
1. Tropical cyclones generally develop over warm ocean waters with sea surface temperatures of about 26.5°C or higher.
2. Tropical cyclones are associated with a high-pressure centre and descending air at their core.
3. The Coriolis force is responsible for the rotation of tropical cyclones and is very weak near the Equator.
1. Tropical cyclones generally develop over warm ocean waters with sea surface temperatures of about 26.5°C or higher.
2. Tropical cyclones are associated with a high-pressure centre and descending air at their core.
3. The Coriolis force is responsible for the rotation of tropical cyclones and is very weak near the Equator.
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Answer: (B)
Statement 1 is correct: Tropical cyclones require warm sea surface temperatures, typically around 26.5°C or higher, extending to a depth of about 60 meters, to provide the necessary moisture and latent heat of condensation to fuel the storm.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Tropical cyclones are characterized by a low-pressure center (the eye) at their core, with warm, moist air rapidly rising, rather than descending air (descending air and high-pressure centers are characteristic of anticyclones or stable weather systems).
Statement 3 is correct: The Coriolis force deflects winds and gives the cyclone its characteristic rotation. Because the Coriolis force is zero at the Equator and very weak within 5 degrees latitude of it, tropical cyclones cannot form directly over the Equator.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Tropical cyclones require warm sea surface temperatures, typically around 26.5°C or higher, extending to a depth of about 60 meters, to provide the necessary moisture and latent heat of condensation to fuel the storm.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Tropical cyclones are characterized by a low-pressure center (the eye) at their core, with warm, moist air rapidly rising, rather than descending air (descending air and high-pressure centers are characteristic of anticyclones or stable weather systems).
Statement 3 is correct: The Coriolis force deflects winds and gives the cyclone its characteristic rotation. Because the Coriolis force is zero at the Equator and very weak within 5 degrees latitude of it, tropical cyclones cannot form directly over the Equator.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Consider the following statements regarding Black Holes:
1. A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.
2. The boundary surrounding a black hole beyond which no light or radiation can escape is known as the Event Horizon.
3. The singularity is a point of zero volume and infinitely high density at the centre of a black hole where current laws of physics break down.
1. A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.
2. The boundary surrounding a black hole beyond which no light or radiation can escape is known as the Event Horizon.
3. The singularity is a point of zero volume and infinitely high density at the centre of a black hole where current laws of physics break down.
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Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: A black hole is defined as a region of spacetime exhibiting gravitational acceleration so strong that nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from it once past the point of no return.
Statement 2 is correct: The event horizon is the boundary marking the limits of a black hole—the point of no return beyond which the gravitational pull becomes infinite and inescapable.
Statement 3 is correct: According to general relativity, the core of a black hole contains a gravitational singularity, a point where mass is crushed into an infinitely small space (zero volume), resulting in infinite density and breaking down the current laws of physics.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: A black hole is defined as a region of spacetime exhibiting gravitational acceleration so strong that nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from it once past the point of no return.
Statement 2 is correct: The event horizon is the boundary marking the limits of a black hole—the point of no return beyond which the gravitational pull becomes infinite and inescapable.
Statement 3 is correct: According to general relativity, the core of a black hole contains a gravitational singularity, a point where mass is crushed into an infinitely small space (zero volume), resulting in infinite density and breaking down the current laws of physics.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
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Answer: (B)
A mule account is a bank account, often belonging to an unsuspecting individual or a willing accomplice (money mule), used by criminals to transfer and launder illegally obtained money.
Mechanism: Cybercriminals route funds obtained through fraud, extortion or other cybercrimes through multiple intermediary mule accounts to conceal their origin and make it difficult for law enforcement agencies to trace the ultimate beneficiary.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
A mule account is a bank account, often belonging to an unsuspecting individual or a willing accomplice (money mule), used by criminals to transfer and launder illegally obtained money.
Mechanism: Cybercriminals route funds obtained through fraud, extortion or other cybercrimes through multiple intermediary mule accounts to conceal their origin and make it difficult for law enforcement agencies to trace the ultimate beneficiary.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
With reference to the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC), consider the following statements:
1. The Union Finance Minister chairs the Council, while the Governor of the RBI chairs its Sub-Committee
2. The Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the Chairperson of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India are ex-officio members of the Council.
3. It coordinates India's engagement with international bodies like the Financial Action Task Force and the Financial Stability Board.
1. The Union Finance Minister chairs the Council, while the Governor of the RBI chairs its Sub-Committee
2. The Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the Chairperson of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India are ex-officio members of the Council.
3. It coordinates India's engagement with international bodies like the Financial Action Task Force and the Financial Stability Board.
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Answer: (D)
Statement 1 is correct: The Union Finance Minister heads the apex Financial Stability and Development Council. Its operational Sub-Committee is chaired by the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Statement 2 is correct: The Council includes key regulators including the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), and Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)—along with key government secretaries, including the Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
Statement 3 is correct: The Council is mandated to handle inter-regulatory coordination and manage India's international interface with global regulatory bodies such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB)
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: The Union Finance Minister heads the apex Financial Stability and Development Council. Its operational Sub-Committee is chaired by the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Statement 2 is correct: The Council includes key regulators including the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), and Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)—along with key government secretaries, including the Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
Statement 3 is correct: The Council is mandated to handle inter-regulatory coordination and manage India's international interface with global regulatory bodies such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB)
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
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Indian theoretical physicist Prof. Ashoke Sen was awarded the Oskar Klein Medal for 2026, becoming the first Indian physicist to receive this honour.
Important for UPSC: Science & Technology → Theoretical Physics → String Theory → Quantum Gravity → Black-Hole Entropy → Scientific Awards → Indian Scientists
Important for UPSC: Science & Technology → Theoretical Physics → String Theory → Quantum Gravity → Black-Hole Entropy → Scientific Awards → Indian Scientists
With reference to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), consider the following statements:
1. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas cryogenically reduced to a liquid state through intense cooling.
2. Natural gas vapor is heavier than air, which causes it to pool near ground level during accidental leaks.
3. India has a target of a 15% share for natural gas in India’s total energy mix by 2030.
4. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is primarily composed of heavy hydrocarbons like propane and butane.
1. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas cryogenically reduced to a liquid state through intense cooling.
2. Natural gas vapor is heavier than air, which causes it to pool near ground level during accidental leaks.
3. India has a target of a 15% share for natural gas in India’s total energy mix by 2030.
4. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is primarily composed of heavy hydrocarbons like propane and butane.
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Answer: (B)
Statement 1 is correct: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been purified and cryogenically cooled to approximately -162 degree celsius converting it into a liquid state for economical long-distance transport.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Natural gas vapor (methane) is lighter than air, which allows it to rapidly rise and disperse into the upper atmosphere during accidental leaks. It is LPG (propane/butane) that is heavier than air and pools near the ground.
Statement 3 is correct: Under the "One Nation, One Gas Grid" initiative, the Government of India (PIB) has set a policy target to raise the share of natural gas in India's primary energy mix to 15% by 2030.
Statement 4 is incorrect: LNG is primarily composed of methane (𝐶𝐻 ), whereas 4 heavy hydrocarbons like propane and butane form the main composition of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been purified and cryogenically cooled to approximately -162 degree celsius converting it into a liquid state for economical long-distance transport.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Natural gas vapor (methane) is lighter than air, which allows it to rapidly rise and disperse into the upper atmosphere during accidental leaks. It is LPG (propane/butane) that is heavier than air and pools near the ground.
Statement 3 is correct: Under the "One Nation, One Gas Grid" initiative, the Government of India (PIB) has set a policy target to raise the share of natural gas in India's primary energy mix to 15% by 2030.
Statement 4 is incorrect: LNG is primarily composed of methane (𝐶𝐻 ), whereas 4 heavy hydrocarbons like propane and butane form the main composition of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.