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The Curious Strength of a Sea Sponge’s Glass Skeleton

A glass sponge found deep in the Pacific shows a remarkable ability to withstand compression and bending, on top of the sponge’s other unusual properties.

In 1841, the English biologist Richard Owen marveled at the intricate skeleton of a new sea sponge species found near the Philippines. It resembled “a delicate cornucopia,” he wrote, one woven from “stiff, glistening, elastic threads, resembling the finest hairs of spun glass.” The skeleton is indeed made of glass, which the animal, Euplectella aspergillum — nicknamed “Venus’ flower basket,” — creates using acid extracted from seawater.

Scientists still marvel at this sponge 180 years later. Its notable properties include stunning longevity — some glass sponges are thought to live many thousands of years, placing them among the longest-lived animals — and the ability to channel light through its silica strands in the manner of fiber optics.

Read on Quanta
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Secret Ingredient Found to Power Supernovas

Turbulent matter swirls around the center of a collapsing star. The supernova’s shockwave, shown in blue, gets an extra push from the turbulence, while the dense core at the center will go on to form a neutron star.

In 1987, a giant star exploded right next to our own Milky Way galaxy. It was the brightest and closest supernova since the invention of the telescope some four centuries earlier, and just about every observatory turned to take a look. Perhaps most excitingly, specialized observatories buried deep underground captured shy subatomic particles called neutrinos streaming out of the blast.

These particles were first proposed as the driving force behind supernovas in 1966, which made their detection a source of comfort to theorists who had been trying to understand the inner workings of the explosions. Yet over the decades, astrophysicists had constantly bumped into what appeared to be a fatal flaw in their neutrino-powered models.

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Improved microscopy technique sees living cells with seven times more sensitivity

Uncovering the mysteries of how cells function requires advanced imaging techniques to look inside the cells themselves. Research from the University of Tokyo introduces a new microscopy technique that allows us to see cellular structures in much more detail than before, without the need to use any dyes or high-power lasers that may alter the cell.

Taking images inside living cells using only light relies on the very small differences in the phase of the light as it passes through different parts of the cell’s architecture. Creating more detailed pictures requires the ability to detect even the most subtle of these changes with the highest possible sensitivity.

Read on physicsworld.com
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