🔹 KRITAGYA

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has announced the KRITAGYA (Krishi-Raknik-Gyan)
hackathon under the National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP).

• Introduced with an aim to promote the potential technology solutions for enhancing the farm mechanization with special emphasis on women-friendly equipment.

• The students participating in the KRITAGYA hackathon can collaborate with the local start-ups, students from technology institutes can win cash prize.

🚫Skip at Your Own Risk
https://youtu.be/j0cqUTgfgYw

27-08-Env-01
♦️ One Sun One World One Grid Initiative

🔹 About:
1. proposed by India
2. Aim is to set up a framework for facilitating global cooperation which aims at building a global ecosystem of interconnected renewable energy resources that can be easily shared.

🔹 Features:
1. Headed by The Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) & technically assisted by the World Bank. And plan to leverage the International Solar Alliance (ISA).
2. Objective: To build global consensus about sharing solar resources among more than 140 countries of West Asia and South-East Asia.
3. The vision is ‘The Sun Never Sets’ and is a constant at some geographical location, globally, at any given point of time.

🔹 Advantages:
1. Lead to reduced project costs, higher efficiencies and increased asset utilization for all the participating entities.
2. Will require only incremental investment
3. Economic benefits
4. Will allow national renewable energy management centres in India to grow as regional and global mgmt.

27-08-Env-03
♦️ E20 Fuel

🔹 About: A type of green fuel which is a blend of 20% of ethanol and gasoline.

🔹 Present status: The current permissible level of blending is 10% of ethanol though India reached only 5.6% of blending in 2019.

🔹 Benefits
1. To reduce vehicular emissions.
2. To reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, etc.
3. To reduce the oil import bill, thereby saving foreign exchange and boosting energy security.

🔹 Ethanol
1. A biofuel and a common by-product of biomass left by agricultural feedstock such as corn, sugarcane, hemp, potato, etc.

🔹 Green Fuel: aka biofuel, that is distilled from plants and animal materials.

🔹 Types of Green Fuel
1. Bioethanol: It is derived from corn and sugarcane using the fermentation process.
2. Biodiesel: It is derived from vegetable oils like soybean oil or palm oil, vegetable waste oils, and animal fats by a biochemical process called “Transesterification.”
3. Biogas: Produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter like sewage from animals and humans. It is commonly used for heating, electricity and for automobiles.
4. Biobutanol: Produced in the same way as bioethanol i.e. through the fermentation of starch. However, energy content in butanol is the highest among the other gasoline alternatives.
5. Biohydrogen: like biogas, can be produced using a number of processes such as pyrolysis, gasification or biological fermentation.

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OPERATION DEVI SHAKTI
➖ India's Afghanistan evacuation mission termed 'Operation Devi Shakti'

#targetshots

Coral Reefs
◆Coral reefs are large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called coral
◆corals have a symbiotic relationship with an algae called the zooxanthellae
◆Known as the rainforests of the sea" for their biodiversity,


◆FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS FOR FORMATION OF CORAL REEF:

1.Warm tropical oceans with minimum temperature of 20 degree (30 degree north and 25 degree south latitudes)
2.Oceanic water free of sedimentation;
3.Transparent parts of ocean bodies;
4.Relatively low salinity ocean bodies

#environmentshots 22

27-08-S&T-03
♦️ PM WANI

🔹 About
1. It is "The public Wi-Fi Access Network Interface"
2. First recommended by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in 2017.
3. Aimed at helping accelerate the uptake of broadband Internet services

🔹 Features
1. This will allow setting up of public WiFi hotspots across the country via public data offices (PDOs).
2. It will not require the PDOs to get a license or pay a fee.
3. This will involve multiple players, including PDOs, Public Data Office Aggregators (PDOA), app providers, and a central registry.

🔹 Significance
1. New Wave of Internet Users
2. Enabler for Digital India
3. Cutting The Red Tape
4. Domino Effect on Economy
5. Bridging the Digital Divide
6. Low-Cost Alternative

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https://youtu.be/uFaAZqYr7LY

🔺🔺Must Watch for all serious Aspirants - Only 12 mins

- 4-4–3 strategy
-How to Reduce Silly Mistakes
-Last 40 Days Revision Strategy
- Mental Approach to Improve Performance
- Things to Remember While Solving Prelims Paper

https://youtu.be/uFaAZqYr7LY

🔥Polity Most Important

🔹Representation of Peoples Act 1950 provides for the following:

- Qualification of voters.
- Preparation of electoral rolls.
-Delimitation of constituencies.
-Allocation of seats in the Parliament and state legislatures.
-The manner of filling seats in the Council of States to be filled by representatives of Union territories.
-Officers (ex-Chief Electoral Officer etc.)

🔺 Representation of People's Act, 1951


- Qualifications and disqualifications for membership of Parliament and State Legislatures
- Notification of General Elections
- Administrative machinery for the conduct of elections
- Registration of political parties
- Conduct of elections
- Free supply of certain material to candidates of recognized political parties
- Disputes regarding elections
-Corrupt practices and electoral offenses

https://youtu.be/uFaAZqYr7LY

Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS)

- is an electronic platform for facilitating the financing / discounting of trade receivables of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through multiple financiers.

- These receivables can be due from corporates and other buyers, including Government Departments and Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).

- Sellers, buyers and financiers are the participants on a TReDS platform.

🔹 MARPOL Convention

- The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) is the main
international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes.

- The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships -
both accidental pollution and that from routine operations.

- India has signed the International Convention


🔥Elimination Techniques From Topper who Cleared 6 Prelims
https://youtu.be/ZM5SGOBnZqE

31-08-Env-02
♦️ Coal Gasification & Liquefaction

🔹 Coal Gasification: The process of producing syngas, a mixture consisting carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), natural gas (CH4), and water vapour (H2O).

🔹 Benefits
1. Transporting gas is a lot cheaper than transporting coal.
2. Help address local pollution problems.
3. Has greater efficiency than conventional coal.

🔹 Coal Liquefaction: an alternative route to produce diesel and gasoline and makes economic sense only in a world of high crude oil prices.
1. liquefied coal emits twice as much CO2 as burning oil. It also emits a large volume of SO2.

Agriculture is Gaining Importance in Prelims (8-9 Questions - Even More than Medieval India )

We thought of Compiling all Important Topics in One Short Crisp Document (Combined Part I ,II a& III) to Make Your Preparation Easy.

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Target 140+ Revision Series

Lecture 1 https://bit.ly/3xNFQ0c
Lecture 2 https://youtu.be/drsFTkCRDVs
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Lecture 5 https://youtu.be/aXtjh7RWN0Q

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🔥National Investigation Agency (NIA)

● Works under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

● Established under the National Investigation Agency Act 2008.

● It is a central agency to investigate and prosecute offences:

-Affecting the sovereignty, security and integrity of India, security of State
- against atomic and nuclear facilities.
- smuggling in High-Quality Counterfeit Indian Currency.
- empowered the National Investigation Agency (NIA) to investigate offences under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act

● It is also the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency.

● empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states.

https://youtu.be/aXtjh7RWN0Q?sub_confirmation=1

Digital Education can have interesting Results - Do watch

03-09-Env-03
♦️ Snow Leopard

🔹 About
1. Scientific Name: Panthera uncia
2. Acts as an Health indicator of the mountain ecosystem

🔹 Habitat
1. Mountainous regions of central and southern Asia
2. India: Western Himalayas: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh + Eastern Himalayas: Uttarakhand and Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh
3. Hemis National Park is the biggest national park in India and also has a good presence of Snow Leopard

🔹 Protection Status
1. IUCN: Vulnerable
2. CITES: Appendex I
3. WPA 1972: Schedule 1

🔹 Conservational Efforts
1. GoI has identified it as flagship species
2. India is party to Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection (GSLEP) Programme
3. In 2019, First National Protocol was also launched on Snow Leopard Population Assessment
4. SECURE Himalaya
5. Project Snow Leopard, etc

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)

● The Union was established in 1889. Headquarters : Geneva, Switzerland.

● The national parliaments of 178 countries are its members.

● It has a permanent observer status in United Nations.

● The IPU promotes institutional values, democratic governance. It also promotes working with parliamentarians to respond to the needs and aspirations of the people.

● The IPU generates Global Parliamentary Report, It is jointly produced by IPU and United Nations Development Programme.

● The first report was published in 2012.

Review petition

- the Constitution itself gives, under Article 137, the Supreme Court the power to review any of its judgments or orders.

- a review can be accepted “only where a glaring omission or patent mistake or like grave error has crept in earlier by judicial fallibility”.

- A review is by no means an appeal in disguise.

- any person aggrieved by a ruling can seek a review. This implies that it is not necessary that only parties to a case can seek a review of the judgment.

- A Review Petition has to be filed within 30 days of the date of judgment or order