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Coral Triangle

🔹In News: A report released at the 16th Conference of Parties (COP16) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). highlights the serious dangers posed by fossil fuel expansion to the Coral Triangle.

🔹 Location: Covers six countries in the Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste.

🔹 Biodiversity Hotspot:
- Known as the "Amazon of the Seas," with 76% of global coral species and 37% of reef fish species.
- Over 600 species of reef-building corals and diverse marine life.

🔹 Threats: Faces risks from fossil fuel expansion, climate change, coral bleaching, overfishing, and pollution.

🔹 Conservation Efforts:
- The Coral Triangle Initiative by WWF promotes sustainable management and conservation.

#Places_in_news #Environment
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Today’s The Hindu has All Editorial and Opinion Page Article only Trump!!

💊 Orphan Drug 💊

🔹 Definition:
An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical developed specifically to treat rare diseases (or orphan diseases) affecting a small percentage of the population.

🔹 Incentives for Development:
To encourage research and production, governments provide incentives such as:
- Tax credits for clinical trials
- Grant funding
- Market exclusivity for a period (usually 7-10 years)
These benefits help companies offset costs associated with developing treatments for rare diseases.

🔹 Regulation in India:
India’s National Policy for Rare Diseases, 2021 includes provisions to promote orphan drug development, including financial support for patients needing these medicines and incentives for drug manufacturers.

🔹 Examples of Orphan Diseases:
Conditions like cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and certain types of cancers are often treated with orphan drugs.

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🌱 Svalbard Global Seed Vault 🌱

🔹 **Location: Arctic Circle, Svalbard, Norway
🔹 Purpose: Protects global crop diversity by storing backup seeds for key food crops. Known as the "Doomsday Vault" for its role in preserving seeds against disasters.

🔹 Capacity: Stores over 1 million seed varieties; can hold up to 4.5 million.
🔹 Design: Built to withstand natural and man-made threats, kept at –18°C within mountain permafrost for long-term preservation.

🔹 **Managed by: The Norwegian government, in partnership with the Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) and the Nordic Genetic Resource Center.

#Biodiversity #Environment

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🔴Most Important Topic for UPSC Prelims 2025

🌍 Environment Lecture 4

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