Ꮋᴇиɜʙᴇдᴀнный ᴀнᴦᴧийᴄᴋий
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✏️ Авторский канал Дениса Протопопова @Denis192535

✔️ Многое о нечасто употребляемых словах и выражениях. Не останавливайся на достигнутом!

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ARROGANCE
ˈærəɡəns

высокомерие, надменность, самонадеянность, заносчивость

•insufferable arrogance — невыносимая заносчивость
•His worst fault is his arrogance.▫️Его самый большой недостаток - высокомерие.
•Arrogance is a very unattractive character trait.▫️Высокомерие — весьма неприятная черта характера.
•It's his arrogance that really irritates me.▫️Что меня действительно бесит, так это его высокомерие.
•His arrogance is just a front. Deep down he's really insecure.▫️Его высокомерие - это лишь вывеска. В глубине души, он очень не уверен в себе.


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ANCESTOR
ˈænsestər

предок, прародитель, предшествующий владелец

•ancestor chart — генеалогическое древо
•My ancestors were French.▫️Мои предки были французами.
•They have a common ancestor.▫️У них общий предок.
•Latin is the ancestor of Italian and French.▫️Латинский язык является предком итальянского и французского.
•My ancestors came to America during the 1800s.▫️Мои предки приехали в Америку в девятнадцатом веке.
•Lions and house cats evolved from a common ancestor.▫️Львы и домашние кошки произошли от одного общего предка.


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How do you correctly use time words with tenses? Which one is correct, "Meanwhile, he laughs" or "Meanwhile he is laughing"?

There is no such thing as a “correct” way to use time words with tenses. Time words, called “adverbs of time”, can be used with any tense if the whole thing makes sense.
“Meanwhile, he laughs” does not make sense, because the simple present tense indicates regular or habitual action, or something that is “always true”. So, even without “meanwhile”, the sentence “he laughs” is rarely used by itself, since we never have the need to say that someone has the habit of laughing or that someone laughs on a regular basis, or it is always true that someone laughs. With “meanwhile”, the sentence becomes completely meaningless. “Meanwhile” means “while something else is happening”. Do you really want to say that he always has a habit of laughing while something else is happening? That is simply unrealistic in the real world—it just does not happen.
“Meanwhile, he is laughing” also makes no sense. since it is a statement of what is happening now. If we want to say what is happening now, we do not needto say that it is happening while some other action is happening. We would simply use “and”.
His brother is making funny faces and he is laughing.
Typically, “meanwhile” is used only after another sentence in which some other event or happening is given. The word “meanwhile” points back to that other sentence and connects the action in that sentence to the action in the new sentence in terms of time.

So, “meanwhile” is typically used with the past tense, but it may also be used with the future tense. This is not a grammatical issue, but a matter of logic.
• My parents were arguing in the kitchen. Meanwhile, my brother and sister were chasing each other around the house, knocking thing over and making a terrible noise.
If we use it for a the future, we use it typically to give instructions about what we want people to do at the same time in some future situation.
• When we find the dog, I will approach him from the front. Meanwhile, you will go around and approach him from behind with the net spread out, ready to catch him if he tries to escape.

#Mike_Mendis
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ARRANT
ˈærənt

отъявленный, сущий, настоящий

•arrant fool — набитый дурак
•arrant hypocrite — отъявленный лицемер
•arrant nonsense — сущий вздор
•That statement is complete and arrant nonsense.▫️Это утверждение — полный и самый настоящий бред.

⭕️Unknown
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QUESTION

What's the difference between, "He studied a lot, yet he did not pass the exam" and "He studied a lot, but he did not pass the exam"?

“Yet” expresses a stronger contrast than “but”. We use “but” simply to say that two things or facts are different or in contrast to each other. However, we use “yet” to say that two things are different against expectation. That is, we did not expect them to be different or in contrast to each other, but they are.
“Yet” expresses the idea: “but in spite of this”. So:
He studied hard, yet he did not pass the exam
means
He studied hard, but in spite of this he did not pass the exam.
The point we are making with “yet” is that we would naturally expect him to pass, since he studied hard, but even though he studied hard, he did not pass, and this went against our expectation.
Here are some examples of this “against expectation” use of “yet”:
I told you to be careful of what you say to her, and yet you told her our secret. (→ The speaker expected to be obeyed, but the listener did not obey.)
She was exhausted, yet she kept on running. (→ We would normally expect a person who is exhausted to stop running.)
We were caught in a traffic jam, yet we made it to the airport in time for the flight.(→ We did not expect to make it in time because of the delay caused by the traffic jam.)
Their family was poor, yet proud. (→ We would normally expect poor people to be ashamed of their poverty, not proud.)

#Mike_Mendis
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OBSEQUIOUS
əbˈsiːkwɪəs

подобострастный, угодливый, раболепный

•most obsequious politeness — вежливость, граничащая с подобострастием
•he made an obsequious bow — он угодливо поклонился
•to be obsequious to smb. — угодничать, заискивать перед кем-л.
•obsequious behaviour — подобострастное поведение
•His obsequious manner was beginning to irritate me.▫️Его подобострастная манера начинала меня раздражать.
•The obsequious villagers touched their caps but sneered behind her back.▫️Сельские жители угодливо снимали перед ней шляпы, но ехидничали за спиной.
•She's constantly followed by obsequious assistants who will do anything she tells them to.▫️За ней постоянно следуют подобострастные помощники, которые сделают всё, что она им скажет.


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QUESTION

Which is right, "visited" or "visiting" in "I spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workshops" "? Why?


The correct form is “visited”, not “visiting”.
The conjunction “and” in the sentence joins two verbs, and when this happens, the two verbs have to be in the same grammatical form. The two verbs in this case are “spent” (simple past tense) and “visited” (simple past tense). The form “visiting” does not match the form “spent”. The “skeleton” structure of the sentence is:
I spent … and visited …
This means: “I spent …” and “I visited …”. Clearly, we could not say: “I spent …” and “I visiting …”.
This is a principle known as “parallel structure”. According to this principle, words that have the same function in a sentence must have the same grammatical form. So, if both words are functioning as main verbs in the sentence, then both must have the same tense and the same form.

If you really want to use “visiting”, then the sentence has to be reconstructed, like this:
I spent the afternoon browsing in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workshops.
In this case, the conjunction “and” joins the two present participles, “browsing” and “visiting”—and these two are in the same grammatical form, present participles.

#Mike_Mendis
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IGNOMINIOUS
ˌɪɡnəˈmɪnɪəs

постыдный, недостойный, унизительный, бесчестный

•ignominious / shameful defeat — постыдное поражение
•ignominious conduct — недостойное поведение
•ignominious crime — позорное преступление
•The prison guards degraded themselves with their inhumane, ignominious treatment of the prisoners.▫️Тюремные охранники опозорили себя бесчеловечным, постыдным обращением с заключёнными.
•Some of his friends considered the job of janitor to be an ignominious fate for the laid-off executive.▫️Некоторые его друзья сочли работу швейцара позорной участью для этого уволенного руководителя.


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QUESTION

What’s the difference “ I wouldn't have done it without your help.” or I wouldn’t do it without your help”?

I wouldn't have done it without your help = I did it.
I was able to do it because you helped me.
I wouldn’t do it without your help = I haven’t done it - maybe I never will. If I ever do do it, it’s only because you will help me.

#Elizabeth_Henderson
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WITHERSHINS
ˈwɪðərˌʃɪnz

против часовой стрелки; в неправильном направлении; противоестественным образом

•withershins movement — движение против часовой стрелки
•withershins circle — круг, совершаемый в обратном направлении
•to turn withershins — повернуться в неправильную сторону
•The villagers believed that walking withershins around the old oak would bring misfortune.▫️Деревенские жители верили, что обход старого дуба против часовой стрелки принесёт несчастье.
•He spun the wheel withershins, unintentionally reversing the mechanism.▫️Он повернул колесо против часовой стрелки, непреднамеренно запустив механизм в обратную сторону.
•During the ritual, they circled the fire withershins to symbolize undoing past mistakes.▫️Во время ритуала они обходили костёр против часовой стрелки, чтобы символизировать исправление прошлых ошибок.


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VITUPERATIVE
vaɪˈtjuːp(ə)rətɪv / vɪˈtjuːp(ə)rətɪv

ругательный, бранный, оскорбительный; резкий (о речи)

•vituperative remarks — оскорбительные замечания
•vituperative attack — резкая, ругательная атака (словесная)
•vituperative tone — бранный тон
•The debate quickly descended into vituperative exchanges that shocked the audience.▫️Дебаты быстро переросли в оскорбительные перепалки, которые шокировали зрителей.
•She ignored his vituperative comments, refusing to be drawn into another argument.▫️Она проигнорировала его оскорбительные комментарии, не желая ввязываться в очередную ссору.
•The article was filled with vituperative criticism aimed at discrediting the researcher.▫️Статья была полна бранной критики, направленной на дискредитацию исследователя.


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QUESTION

What is the difference between "It led to me quitting the job.” and “It led me to quit this job"?

The difference is in agency and causality. That means the difference in your focus.
It led to me/my quitting the job. (Gerund phrase)

The preposition is “to” and its object is a gerund phrase (“me quitting the job”). This indicates the outcome (“quitting the job”) as a result of something, so this sentence puts emphasis on the act of quitting itself. The sentence carries a passive, somewhat formal and detached tone.
Using “my” instead of “me” is an older-fashioned usage.
It led me to quit this job. (Direct verb construction)

This uses a more direct and active verb construction (“led [someone] to [verb]”). This puts the focus on you as the agent (action-doer) and “it” was the thing that caused you to do the action (“quit this job”). So this sentence focuses on you deciding to quit rather than the act of quitting. It presents the situation as a clear(er) cause-and-effect relationship.

▪️agency [ˊeɪdʒǝnsɪ] n
де́йствие, де́ятельность
▪️causality [kɔ:ˊzælətɪ] n
филос. причи́нность, причи́нная связь


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RECONDITE
ˈrekəndaɪt

неясный, малопонятный, темный, спрятанный, трудный для понимания

•recondite subject — заумный предмет/предмет, недоступный непосвящённым
•Geochemistry is a recondite subject.▫️Геохимия — это трудный для понимания предмет.
• She submitted a recondite thesis that only a handful of experts could fully appreciate. — Она представила труднодоступную диссертацию, которую могли по-настоящему оценить лишь немногие эксперты.
•The advanced textbook contained recondite information that was hard for beginning students to understand. — Продвинутый учебник содержал такие глубокие/специализированные сведения, что начинающим студентам было трудно их понять.


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LACHRYMOSE
ˈlæk.rɪˌmoʊs

слезливый, плаксивый, плачущий, печальный, полный слез

•lachrymose mood — слезливое настроение
•lachrymose tale — печальный, душещипательный рассказ
•lachrymose eyes — заплаканные глаза
•The movie was so sentimental and lachrymose that many viewers ended up crying.▫️Фильм был таким сентиментальным и слезливым, что многие зрители в итоге расплакались.
•She grew lachrymose as she recounted the story of her childhood.▫️Она расплакалась, рассказывая историю своего детства.
•A lachrymose ballad played softly in the background.▫️На фоне тихо играла печальная, вызывающая слёзы баллада.


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QUESTION

Is the sentence "The cell phone is impossible to repair" in good English?

It is good English informally. Formally, it should be either “It is impossible to repair the cell phone.” or “Repairing the cell phone is impossible.”
Reasoning: It is not the cell phone that is impossible, it is the repair of it that is impossible.

#Frank_Dauenhauer
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YCLEPT
ɪˈklɛpt

называемый, именуемый

•yclept name — именуемый, так называемый
•a man yclept John — человек по имени Джон
•the town yclept London — город, называемый Лондоном
•A shepherd there was, and a stout one, yclept Robin.▫️Там был пастух, крепкий малый, по имени Робин.
•The poet, yclept the Bard of Avon, is known throughout the world.▫️Поэт, именуемый Бардом из Эйвона, известен во всём мире.
•A knight yclept Sir Lancelot rode forth at dawn.▫️Рыцарь по имени сэр Ланселот выехал на рассвете.


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ELDRITCH
ˈɛldrɪtʃ

зловещий, жуткий, сверхъестественный; потусторонний

•eldritch light — зловещий, странный свет
•eldritch creature emerged from the depths — жуткое существо появилось из глубин
•eldritch aura surrounding the old mansion — зловещая, сверхъестественная аура вокруг старого особняка
•The forest was filled with an eldritch silence that made everyone uneasy.▫️Лес был наполнен зловещей тишиной, от которой всем стало не по себе.
•The old abandoned mansion had an eldritch atmosphere, with its creaking floorboards and flickering candles. ▫️ Старый заброшенный особняк источал зловещую атмосферу: скрипящие половицы и мерцающие свечи делали его пугающим.
•The eldritch mist that enveloped the graveyard seemed to whisper secrets of the past.▫️ Жуткий туман, окутывающий кладбище, казалось, шептал тайны прошлого.


⭕️Unknown
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QUESTION

What is the indirect speech of “I don't know the address, do you? He asked me.”?

There are two separate sentence types in the quoted speech—the statement in the first part, and the question in the second part. So, the first part of the quoted speech cannot be included in the word “asked”, since “I don’t know the address” is not a question and cannot therefore be asked.
This is how we would report the quoted speech:
He said that he did not know the address and asked the listener whether he or she did.
Notice that we do not use “me” and “I” in the second part of the sentence. This is because you (the person who wants to know the indirect form) or I (the person answering your question), as the person who is reporting the speech, is not the person who was asked the question. I created the indirect speech form for you, and you may also use my answer to create the indirect speech form for yourself, but neither you nor I can claim to be the person who heard the question that was asked about “the address”. We are not the “me” in the clause “he asked me”.
You will probably get answers that use “me”and “I”, like this: ”… and asked me whether I did”. However, this is incorrect.

#Mike_Mendis
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