What are new details of the dino-killing impact discovered in 2022?
The impact that ended the age of 🦖🦕 some 66 million years ago was the worst single day for the life on Earth.
A 6.5-mile-wide asteroid called Chicxulub slammed into the waters off what is now Mexico, triggering a mass extinction that killed off more than 75 % of Earth’s species!
📌In 2022, researchers were studying a set of fossil fish that died in the blast and concluded the asteroid struck during spring in the Northern Hemisphere.
📌They provided another glimpse of the asteroid’s devastation: Within minutes of the impact, rocks that formed in the extreme temperatures rained down more than a thousand miles from the crater’s center.
📌Scientists also announced that they had found signs of another possible undersea crater off the coast of West Africa that is about the same age as Chicxulub—perhaps evidence that a fragment of the incoming asteroid broke off and smashed into Earth separately.
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The impact that ended the age of 🦖🦕 some 66 million years ago was the worst single day for the life on Earth.
A 6.5-mile-wide asteroid called Chicxulub slammed into the waters off what is now Mexico, triggering a mass extinction that killed off more than 75 % of Earth’s species!
📌In 2022, researchers were studying a set of fossil fish that died in the blast and concluded the asteroid struck during spring in the Northern Hemisphere.
📌They provided another glimpse of the asteroid’s devastation: Within minutes of the impact, rocks that formed in the extreme temperatures rained down more than a thousand miles from the crater’s center.
📌Scientists also announced that they had found signs of another possible undersea crater off the coast of West Africa that is about the same age as Chicxulub—perhaps evidence that a fragment of the incoming asteroid broke off and smashed into Earth separately.
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What are two big space breakthroughs of 2022?
Closest black hole ⚫️
By sifting through data released by the Gaia spacecraft, astrophysicists discovered in 2022 a black hole that’s just over 1,560 light-years from Earth. Dubbed Gaia BH1, it’s about twice as close as the previously nearest known black hole.
But that record may not stand, as about 100 million black holes are predicted to exist in the Milky Way and even closer black holes may turn up in the next years.
The Space Innovation of the Year 🔭
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, the giant infrared instrument now parked a million km from Earth, was named the Innovation of the Year.
Its first images were finally presented in July, revealing an unprecedentedly detailed view of the cosmos, “the deepest view of the universe ever” according to specialists.
The telescope is working through a long list of planned observations, exploring everything from the oldest galaxies to the atmospheres of distant exoplanets.
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Closest black hole ⚫️
By sifting through data released by the Gaia spacecraft, astrophysicists discovered in 2022 a black hole that’s just over 1,560 light-years from Earth. Dubbed Gaia BH1, it’s about twice as close as the previously nearest known black hole.
But that record may not stand, as about 100 million black holes are predicted to exist in the Milky Way and even closer black holes may turn up in the next years.
The Space Innovation of the Year 🔭
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, the giant infrared instrument now parked a million km from Earth, was named the Innovation of the Year.
Its first images were finally presented in July, revealing an unprecedentedly detailed view of the cosmos, “the deepest view of the universe ever” according to specialists.
The telescope is working through a long list of planned observations, exploring everything from the oldest galaxies to the atmospheres of distant exoplanets.
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What is astronomy?
✔️ Astronomy is the study of the universe, the celestial objects that make up the universe, and the processes that govern the lifecycle of those objects.
🔭 Astronomy is largely an observational science. Astronomers use the electromagnetic radiation emitted from stars and other celestial objects, which can include visible light, UV, infrared, and X-rays. Because the light from these objects is the primary means to study them, one of the most important tools for an astronomer is the telescope.
♾ Given the size of the universe (which could be infinite), astronomy is an enormous field.
🌠🌌The celestial objects that astronomers study include stars, galaxies, nebulae, and supernova.
🔙 Because of the enormous distances between Earth and other objects, when astronomers look farther away, they are also looking back in time. This is because of the amount of time it takes the light we see to travel from the source to us here on Earth.
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✔️ Astronomy is the study of the universe, the celestial objects that make up the universe, and the processes that govern the lifecycle of those objects.
🔭 Astronomy is largely an observational science. Astronomers use the electromagnetic radiation emitted from stars and other celestial objects, which can include visible light, UV, infrared, and X-rays. Because the light from these objects is the primary means to study them, one of the most important tools for an astronomer is the telescope.
♾ Given the size of the universe (which could be infinite), astronomy is an enormous field.
🌠🌌The celestial objects that astronomers study include stars, galaxies, nebulae, and supernova.
🔙 Because of the enormous distances between Earth and other objects, when astronomers look farther away, they are also looking back in time. This is because of the amount of time it takes the light we see to travel from the source to us here on Earth.
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Who were the first great astronomers?
Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five wandering stars, which with the sun and moon form the seven original 'planets' (Greek for 'wanderers').
Within Mesopotamia the Babylonians, flourishing from the 18th century BC, are considered to be the first great astronomers. The minutes and seconds of modern astronomical measurement derive from their number system.
Greeks
From the 6th century BC the Greeks make significant advances in astronomy: their analytical approach to the heavens leads to early insights of great brilliance.
They are first to produce an astronomical theory in which a circular earth revolves on its own axis as well as moving in an orbit. The theory derives in part from the need to locate the great fire which they believe fuels the universe.
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Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five wandering stars, which with the sun and moon form the seven original 'planets' (Greek for 'wanderers').
Within Mesopotamia the Babylonians, flourishing from the 18th century BC, are considered to be the first great astronomers. The minutes and seconds of modern astronomical measurement derive from their number system.
Greeks
From the 6th century BC the Greeks make significant advances in astronomy: their analytical approach to the heavens leads to early insights of great brilliance.
They are first to produce an astronomical theory in which a circular earth revolves on its own axis as well as moving in an orbit. The theory derives in part from the need to locate the great fire which they believe fuels the universe.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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What is the zodiac?
The zodiac is the line on the celestial sphere (the full pattern of stars as seen in the night sky) along which the sun seems to move during a full year. The position of the sun on any day can be discovered by observing which stars are just above the horizon at the point where the sun is about to rise or has recently set. They will be the same group of stars at the beginning or end of the same day, even though appearing in the east at dawn and in the west at dusk - for the sun's position in relation to the stars, as seen from earth, hardly changes within a day.
The concept of the zodiac was introduced by the Babylonians who realized that the zodiac can serve as a yardstick of celestial time if divided into recognizable and equal segments. They selected twelve constellations to represent these segments and gave them the names of animals.
The Greeks later provided the term for the zodiac when they describe it as the 'animal circle' (zodiakos kyklos).
In succession these constellations are ⬇️
♈️ Aries (the Ram)
♉️ Taurus (Bull)
♊️ Gemini (Twins)
♋️ Cancer (Crab)
♌️ Leo (Lion)
♍️ Virgo (Virgin)
♎️ Libra (Scales)
♏️ Scorpio (Scorpion)
♐️ Sagittarius (Archer)
♑️ Capricornus (Goat)
♒️ Aquarius (Water Carrier)
♓️ Pisces (Fishes)
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The zodiac is the line on the celestial sphere (the full pattern of stars as seen in the night sky) along which the sun seems to move during a full year. The position of the sun on any day can be discovered by observing which stars are just above the horizon at the point where the sun is about to rise or has recently set. They will be the same group of stars at the beginning or end of the same day, even though appearing in the east at dawn and in the west at dusk - for the sun's position in relation to the stars, as seen from earth, hardly changes within a day.
The concept of the zodiac was introduced by the Babylonians who realized that the zodiac can serve as a yardstick of celestial time if divided into recognizable and equal segments. They selected twelve constellations to represent these segments and gave them the names of animals.
The Greeks later provided the term for the zodiac when they describe it as the 'animal circle' (zodiakos kyklos).
In succession these constellations are ⬇️
♈️ Aries (the Ram)
♉️ Taurus (Bull)
♊️ Gemini (Twins)
♋️ Cancer (Crab)
♌️ Leo (Lion)
♍️ Virgo (Virgin)
♎️ Libra (Scales)
♏️ Scorpio (Scorpion)
♐️ Sagittarius (Archer)
♑️ Capricornus (Goat)
♒️ Aquarius (Water Carrier)
♓️ Pisces (Fishes)
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Ask Me
Who were the first great astronomers?
Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five…
Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five…
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What is astrology and is it a science?
Astrology can be defined as the study of the connection between celestial activity phenomena and earthly events.
In some context astrology is also described as the primitive study of celestial bodies, which formed the basis of astronomy and began with the ancient civilizations.
Those who practice astrology are called astrologers.
Astrology maintains that each person is born under a particular sign of the zodiac.
Some divide astrology in 3️⃣ branches:
🟢 Mundane A. (predictions about national and international affairs)
🔵 Interrogatory A. (predictions about subject’s life)
🟣 Natal A. (predictions based on the date of a person’s birth)
Even though astrologers use mathematics and astronomy to make their calculations, there is no evidence that astrological predictions are accurate and thus astrology is a pseudoscience.
ℹ️ A pseudoscience is a field that pretends to use scientific methodology, but does not follow the scientific method.
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Astrology can be defined as the study of the connection between celestial activity phenomena and earthly events.
In some context astrology is also described as the primitive study of celestial bodies, which formed the basis of astronomy and began with the ancient civilizations.
Those who practice astrology are called astrologers.
Astrology maintains that each person is born under a particular sign of the zodiac.
Some divide astrology in 3️⃣ branches:
🟢 Mundane A. (predictions about national and international affairs)
🔵 Interrogatory A. (predictions about subject’s life)
🟣 Natal A. (predictions based on the date of a person’s birth)
Even though astrologers use mathematics and astronomy to make their calculations, there is no evidence that astrological predictions are accurate and thus astrology is a pseudoscience.
ℹ️ A pseudoscience is a field that pretends to use scientific methodology, but does not follow the scientific method.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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What is calendar?
A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes.
This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years.
A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system.
Periods in a calendar are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon.
Many civilizations have devised a calendar, usually derived from other calendars on which they model their systems, suited to their particular needs.
🗓 A calendar is also a physical device. This is the most common usage of the word.
📱💻 Other similar types of calendars can include computerized systems, which can be set to remind the user of upcoming events and appointments.
📝 A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar.
The English word calendar is derived from the Latin word ‘kalendae’, the Latin name of the first day of every month.
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A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes.
This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years.
A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system.
Periods in a calendar are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon.
Many civilizations have devised a calendar, usually derived from other calendars on which they model their systems, suited to their particular needs.
🗓 A calendar is also a physical device. This is the most common usage of the word.
📱💻 Other similar types of calendars can include computerized systems, which can be set to remind the user of upcoming events and appointments.
📝 A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar.
The English word calendar is derived from the Latin word ‘kalendae’, the Latin name of the first day of every month.
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What is the world’s oldest calendar?
🏴 In 2013, archeologists announced the discovery at Warren Field in Scotland ⬆️ of what they claim as the world’s oldest calendar – a series of 12 large pits that were designed to mimic the various phases of the moon and aligned perfectly on the midwinter solstice in a way that would have helped the Mesolithic hunter-gathers keep accurate track of the passage of the seasons and the lunar cycle.
At nearly 10,000 years old, these pits are pre-dating by several thousand years the Bronze Age monuments in Mesopotamia.
The geophysical evidence suggests the pits had been periodically reshaped until at last the calendar-monument seemed to fall out of use around 4,000 years ago.
First discovered by aerial photography in 2004, their significance was recognized only 10 years later, using the latest-generation remote-sensing technology and software that worked out the positions of sunrises and sunsets in the landscape 10,000 years ago.
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🏴 In 2013, archeologists announced the discovery at Warren Field in Scotland ⬆️ of what they claim as the world’s oldest calendar – a series of 12 large pits that were designed to mimic the various phases of the moon and aligned perfectly on the midwinter solstice in a way that would have helped the Mesolithic hunter-gathers keep accurate track of the passage of the seasons and the lunar cycle.
At nearly 10,000 years old, these pits are pre-dating by several thousand years the Bronze Age monuments in Mesopotamia.
The geophysical evidence suggests the pits had been periodically reshaped until at last the calendar-monument seemed to fall out of use around 4,000 years ago.
First discovered by aerial photography in 2004, their significance was recognized only 10 years later, using the latest-generation remote-sensing technology and software that worked out the positions of sunrises and sunsets in the landscape 10,000 years ago.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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Who used the first written calendars?
Man's interest in the sky is at the heart of three separate stories - astronomy, astrology and the calendar.
So, it’s not surprising that the Babylonians, who seemed to be the first great astronomers, began to use the first written calendars in the ancient cities between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Clay tablets marked by cuneiform writing indicate that those Babylonian cities would have had their own calendars with their own names for the months of the year.
All cities had a month called, “Extra,” allowing them to reset the calendar in the same way as a leap year.
Each Babylonian week lasted seven days. Each seventh day was a rest day on which officials were prohibited from engaging in certain activities that couldn’t be done on the 28th day of each month, either.
Perhaps the strangest aspect - during the lunar cycle, the Babylonian month, lasting 29 or 30 days, made it so the last week of each month lasted eight or nine days.
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Man's interest in the sky is at the heart of three separate stories - astronomy, astrology and the calendar.
So, it’s not surprising that the Babylonians, who seemed to be the first great astronomers, began to use the first written calendars in the ancient cities between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Clay tablets marked by cuneiform writing indicate that those Babylonian cities would have had their own calendars with their own names for the months of the year.
All cities had a month called, “Extra,” allowing them to reset the calendar in the same way as a leap year.
Each Babylonian week lasted seven days. Each seventh day was a rest day on which officials were prohibited from engaging in certain activities that couldn’t be done on the 28th day of each month, either.
Perhaps the strangest aspect - during the lunar cycle, the Babylonian month, lasting 29 or 30 days, made it so the last week of each month lasted eight or nine days.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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What is the oldest calendar still in use?
The Jewish calendar, derived from the ancient Hebrew calendar, has remained unchanged since about AD 900.
It is the official calendar of the modern state of Israel and is used by the Jewish people throughout the world as a religious calendar.
The starting point of Hebrew chronology is the year 3761 BC, the date the World was created according to the Old Testament.
The Jewish calendar is luni-solar, based on lunar months of 29 days alternating with 30 days. An extra month is intercalated every 3 years, based on a 19-year cycle.
It’s interesting to note that, while many Jews outside of Israel have adopted the Gregorian calendar, they do not generally use the abbreviations A.D. and B.C. related to Christianity. Because Jews do not believe that Jesus is Lord, dates of the Jewish calendar are designated AM (Latin anno mundi, "the year of the world"), C.E. (Common or Christian Era), and BCE (before the Common Era).
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The Jewish calendar, derived from the ancient Hebrew calendar, has remained unchanged since about AD 900.
It is the official calendar of the modern state of Israel and is used by the Jewish people throughout the world as a religious calendar.
The starting point of Hebrew chronology is the year 3761 BC, the date the World was created according to the Old Testament.
The Jewish calendar is luni-solar, based on lunar months of 29 days alternating with 30 days. An extra month is intercalated every 3 years, based on a 19-year cycle.
It’s interesting to note that, while many Jews outside of Israel have adopted the Gregorian calendar, they do not generally use the abbreviations A.D. and B.C. related to Christianity. Because Jews do not believe that Jesus is Lord, dates of the Jewish calendar are designated AM (Latin anno mundi, "the year of the world"), C.E. (Common or Christian Era), and BCE (before the Common Era).
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What is the most widely used civil calendar in the world?
❗️📆 The Gregorian Calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world today.
It was first introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
It has a 365-day common year divided into 12 months of irregular lengths.
11 of the months have either 30 or 31 days, while the second month, February, has only 28 days during the common year. However, nearly every four years is a leap year, when one extra—or intercalary—day, is added on 29 February, making the leap year in the Gregorian calendar 366 days long.
The days of the year in the Gregorian calendar are divided into 7-day weeks, and the weeks are numbered 1 to 52 or 53.
ℹ️ Although the Gregorian calendar is named after Pope Gregory XIII, it is an adaptation of a calendar designed by Luigi Lilio, also known as Aloysius Lilius (1510-1576), who was an Italian doctor, astronomer, and philosopher. He died six years before his calendar was officially introduced.
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❗️📆 The Gregorian Calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world today.
It was first introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
It has a 365-day common year divided into 12 months of irregular lengths.
11 of the months have either 30 or 31 days, while the second month, February, has only 28 days during the common year. However, nearly every four years is a leap year, when one extra—or intercalary—day, is added on 29 February, making the leap year in the Gregorian calendar 366 days long.
The days of the year in the Gregorian calendar are divided into 7-day weeks, and the weeks are numbered 1 to 52 or 53.
ℹ️ Although the Gregorian calendar is named after Pope Gregory XIII, it is an adaptation of a calendar designed by Luigi Lilio, also known as Aloysius Lilius (1510-1576), who was an Italian doctor, astronomer, and philosopher. He died six years before his calendar was officially introduced.
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Why did the Gregorian calendar replace the Julian calendar?
The Julian calendar was the predecessor of the Gregorian calendar.
The Julian calendar was proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar, took effect on 1 January 45 BC and was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandria. It had 365 days divided into 12 months but it did not correctly reflect the actual time it takes the Earth to circle once around the Sun.
In the Julian calendar, a leap day was added every four years, which is too frequent, and progressively important religious holidays were out of sync with the fixed dates for astronomical events.
The introduction of the Gregorian calendar allowed for the realignment with events like equinoxes and solstices.
Because of this error of the Julian calendar, a number of days had to be dropped when the Gregorian calendar was adopted ⬆️.
The gap between these two calendar systems will increase to 14 days in the year 2100.
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The Julian calendar was the predecessor of the Gregorian calendar.
The Julian calendar was proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar, took effect on 1 January 45 BC and was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandria. It had 365 days divided into 12 months but it did not correctly reflect the actual time it takes the Earth to circle once around the Sun.
In the Julian calendar, a leap day was added every four years, which is too frequent, and progressively important religious holidays were out of sync with the fixed dates for astronomical events.
The introduction of the Gregorian calendar allowed for the realignment with events like equinoxes and solstices.
Because of this error of the Julian calendar, a number of days had to be dropped when the Gregorian calendar was adopted ⬆️.
The gap between these two calendar systems will increase to 14 days in the year 2100.
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