What are top smallest countries by area?
📌 Most of the world's smallest nations are either island States, or tiny countries landlocked in Europe.
📌 From street-sized to giant town-sized, the 13 smallest countries are all under 400 sq. km. and combined area of 3226.51 sq. km.
📌 Most of these tiniest States are dependent on tourism.
1️⃣ 🇻🇦Vatican City - 0.44 km2 (0.17 mi2)
2️⃣ 🇲🇨Monaco - 2.02 km2 (0.78 mi2)
3️⃣ 🇳🇷 Nauru - 21 km2 (8.1 mi2)
4️⃣ 🇹🇻 Tuvalu - 26 km2 (10 mi2)
5️⃣ 🇸🇲 San Marino - 61 km2 (24 mi2)
6️⃣ 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein - 160 km2 (52 mi2)
7️⃣ 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands - 181 km2 (70 mi2)
8️⃣ 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts & Nevis - 261 km2 (101 mi2)
9️⃣ 🇲🇻 Maldives - 298 km2 (115 mi2)
🔟 🇲🇹 Malta - 316 km2 (122 mi2)
1️⃣1️⃣ 🇬🇩 Grenada - 344 km2 (133 mi2)
1️⃣2️⃣ 🇻🇨 St Vincent & the Grenadines - 389 km2 (150 mi2)
1️⃣3️⃣ 🇧🇧 Barbados - 431 km2 (166 mi2)
1️⃣4️⃣ 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda - 443 km2 (171 mi2)
1️⃣5️⃣ 🇸🇨 Seychelles - 455 km2 (176 mi2)
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📌 Most of the world's smallest nations are either island States, or tiny countries landlocked in Europe.
📌 From street-sized to giant town-sized, the 13 smallest countries are all under 400 sq. km. and combined area of 3226.51 sq. km.
📌 Most of these tiniest States are dependent on tourism.
1️⃣ 🇻🇦Vatican City - 0.44 km2 (0.17 mi2)
2️⃣ 🇲🇨Monaco - 2.02 km2 (0.78 mi2)
3️⃣ 🇳🇷 Nauru - 21 km2 (8.1 mi2)
4️⃣ 🇹🇻 Tuvalu - 26 km2 (10 mi2)
5️⃣ 🇸🇲 San Marino - 61 km2 (24 mi2)
6️⃣ 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein - 160 km2 (52 mi2)
7️⃣ 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands - 181 km2 (70 mi2)
8️⃣ 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts & Nevis - 261 km2 (101 mi2)
9️⃣ 🇲🇻 Maldives - 298 km2 (115 mi2)
🔟 🇲🇹 Malta - 316 km2 (122 mi2)
1️⃣1️⃣ 🇬🇩 Grenada - 344 km2 (133 mi2)
1️⃣2️⃣ 🇻🇨 St Vincent & the Grenadines - 389 km2 (150 mi2)
1️⃣3️⃣ 🇧🇧 Barbados - 431 km2 (166 mi2)
1️⃣4️⃣ 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda - 443 km2 (171 mi2)
1️⃣5️⃣ 🇸🇨 Seychelles - 455 km2 (176 mi2)
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Why do like poles of a magnet repel each other and unlike poles attract each other?
🧲 Every magnet has a magnetic field around it, which is represented by magnetic lines of force.
🧲 The magnetic lines of force start from the north pole and end at the south pole outside the magnet and and go from the south pole to the north pole inside the magnet.
🧲 The density of the magnetic field lines is higher near the poles where the magnetic force is stronger.
🧲 When two magnets are placed with their like poles facing each other, the lines of force are in opposite directions and hence like poles repel each other. When the unlike poles of a bar magnet face each other the magnetic lines of force are in the same direction and hence unlike poles attract each other.
🧲❗️ℹ️ Magnetic monopoles do not exist in nature. Even if we cut a magnet into two parts, the new poles will always appear in pairs. Hence we cannot separate the north and the south poles of a magnet.
🧲 Every magnet has a magnetic field around it, which is represented by magnetic lines of force.
🧲 The magnetic lines of force start from the north pole and end at the south pole outside the magnet and and go from the south pole to the north pole inside the magnet.
🧲 The density of the magnetic field lines is higher near the poles where the magnetic force is stronger.
🧲 When two magnets are placed with their like poles facing each other, the lines of force are in opposite directions and hence like poles repel each other. When the unlike poles of a bar magnet face each other the magnetic lines of force are in the same direction and hence unlike poles attract each other.
🧲❗️ℹ️ Magnetic monopoles do not exist in nature. Even if we cut a magnet into two parts, the new poles will always appear in pairs. Hence we cannot separate the north and the south poles of a magnet.
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Why do magnets have north and south poles?
🧭 The most basic answer to this question lies in the behavior of electrons having a property called 'spin' which causes magnetic fields to exert a force on them.
🧭 In a magnet, the spins of the electrons line up so that the small magnetic field produced by each electron's spin adds up into a large magnetic field which can be felt by other charged particles far away. The force of a magnetic field on a particle with spin causes the particle to rotate its spin to align with the magnetic field. Hence a smaller magnet inside a large magnetic field will try to align with that larger magnetic field.
🌏 Earth has its own magnetic field that points approximately in the northern direction. The 🌍 huge magnetic field causes magnets to align north to south. That's why people named them the north and south poles.
🧭❗️ℹ️ As opposite poles attract, technically, the northern magnetic pole on Earth can be also considered a magnetic south pole.
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🧭 The most basic answer to this question lies in the behavior of electrons having a property called 'spin' which causes magnetic fields to exert a force on them.
🧭 In a magnet, the spins of the electrons line up so that the small magnetic field produced by each electron's spin adds up into a large magnetic field which can be felt by other charged particles far away. The force of a magnetic field on a particle with spin causes the particle to rotate its spin to align with the magnetic field. Hence a smaller magnet inside a large magnetic field will try to align with that larger magnetic field.
🌏 Earth has its own magnetic field that points approximately in the northern direction. The 🌍 huge magnetic field causes magnets to align north to south. That's why people named them the north and south poles.
🧭❗️ℹ️ As opposite poles attract, technically, the northern magnetic pole on Earth can be also considered a magnetic south pole.
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What is the most expensive sheep in the world?
🐏 🇸🇳 The Ladoum sheep from Senegal is considered to be the most expensive sheep in the world.
It a cross between Mauritanian touabir and Malian bali-bali varieties, and has become an important part of Senegalese culture over the past 20 years of breeding.
Known for their good looks, tall stature, prominent muzzles, and curved horns, they can weigh up to 180 kg (400 pounds) and measure 1.20 meters (4 feet) in height. Some Ladoum look more like small horses than sheep.
Beauty pageants on TV rate ladoum sheep, offering substantial prize money. The winner gets a prize of food and cash—and their sheep becomes much more valuable.
❗️Raised by a select number of breeders, the sheep are in high demand: wealthy Senegalese often pay $10,000, and sometimes significantly more, for a single animal, with records going up to $80,000.
👀 Senegal’s current president, Macky Sall, is rumoured to own several of the animals.
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🐏 🇸🇳 The Ladoum sheep from Senegal is considered to be the most expensive sheep in the world.
It a cross between Mauritanian touabir and Malian bali-bali varieties, and has become an important part of Senegalese culture over the past 20 years of breeding.
Known for their good looks, tall stature, prominent muzzles, and curved horns, they can weigh up to 180 kg (400 pounds) and measure 1.20 meters (4 feet) in height. Some Ladoum look more like small horses than sheep.
Beauty pageants on TV rate ladoum sheep, offering substantial prize money. The winner gets a prize of food and cash—and their sheep becomes much more valuable.
❗️Raised by a select number of breeders, the sheep are in high demand: wealthy Senegalese often pay $10,000, and sometimes significantly more, for a single animal, with records going up to $80,000.
👀 Senegal’s current president, Macky Sall, is rumoured to own several of the animals.
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What are the main differences between boas and pythons?
Classification
🐍Both being non-venomous snakes with very similar appearances to each other, boas belong to the Boidae family while pythons are members of Pythonidae family.
Habitats
🐍Pythons are distributed in Asia and Africa while boas are found both in the new world as well as in the old world.
🐍Generally pythons are considered an "old-world" species and inhabit a rather wide range of habitats, including deserts, while boas are found mainly in South America where they prefer rainforests and love tropical temperatures.
Size and body structure
🐍Generally pythons are larger and longer than boas.
🐍Boa snakes have few bones in their skulls, and they also have fewer teeth compared to pythons.
🐍Pythons have premaxilla bones with teeth on the upper jaw, which lacks in the boa snakes.
The number of bones in the head is higher in python than in boa.
Breeding
🐍Boas give birth to live young while pythons lay eggs.
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Classification
🐍Both being non-venomous snakes with very similar appearances to each other, boas belong to the Boidae family while pythons are members of Pythonidae family.
Habitats
🐍Pythons are distributed in Asia and Africa while boas are found both in the new world as well as in the old world.
🐍Generally pythons are considered an "old-world" species and inhabit a rather wide range of habitats, including deserts, while boas are found mainly in South America where they prefer rainforests and love tropical temperatures.
Size and body structure
🐍Generally pythons are larger and longer than boas.
🐍Boa snakes have few bones in their skulls, and they also have fewer teeth compared to pythons.
🐍Pythons have premaxilla bones with teeth on the upper jaw, which lacks in the boa snakes.
The number of bones in the head is higher in python than in boa.
Breeding
🐍Boas give birth to live young while pythons lay eggs.
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What is the heaviest snake?
✅ Green anacondas (Eunectes murinus) are the heaviest snake species on Earth today, with some of them weighing up to 250 kg (550 pounds).
One of the heaviest anaconda ever recorded was 227 kilograms, 8.43 metres long, with a girth of 1.11 metres.
Females are significantly larger than males.
Green anacondas are non-venomous, solitary and found in South America.
They spend most of their time in water and their nostrils and eyes have evolved to be on top of the head, rather than to the sides, so that the snake can breathe and see prey and predators above water while its large body is kept submerged.
Anacondas belong to the Boidae family, use their bodies to constrict their prey and have a varied diet.
Although 'anaconda' is often used to refer to green anacondas, in South America there are 3️⃣ other smaller species: the Bolivian anaconda (Eunectes beniensis), dark-spotted anaconda (Eunectes deschauenseei) and the yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus).
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✅ Green anacondas (Eunectes murinus) are the heaviest snake species on Earth today, with some of them weighing up to 250 kg (550 pounds).
One of the heaviest anaconda ever recorded was 227 kilograms, 8.43 metres long, with a girth of 1.11 metres.
Females are significantly larger than males.
Green anacondas are non-venomous, solitary and found in South America.
They spend most of their time in water and their nostrils and eyes have evolved to be on top of the head, rather than to the sides, so that the snake can breathe and see prey and predators above water while its large body is kept submerged.
Anacondas belong to the Boidae family, use their bodies to constrict their prey and have a varied diet.
Although 'anaconda' is often used to refer to green anacondas, in South America there are 3️⃣ other smaller species: the Bolivian anaconda (Eunectes beniensis), dark-spotted anaconda (Eunectes deschauenseei) and the yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus).
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What is the longest snake?
✅ The reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) is the longest snake in the world, regularly reaching over 6.25 metres in length. It is the longest of the 39 species in the family Pythonidae.
The longest reticulated python ever recorded was found in 1912 and measured in at a staggering 10 metres.
Reticulated pythons live in southeast Asia and while they are typically found in rainforests, woodland and grasslands, their habitat preference seems to depend on their location.
The color pattern of these snakes is a complex geometric pattern that incorporates different colors. The back typically has a series of irregular diamond shapes flanked by smaller markings with light centers.
Reticulated pythons are solitary carnivores, active mostly throughout the night. They are known to climb trees by firmly wrapping their bodies around the trunks and using muscular upward force.
The main threats to Reticulated pythons come from humans.
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✅ The reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) is the longest snake in the world, regularly reaching over 6.25 metres in length. It is the longest of the 39 species in the family Pythonidae.
The longest reticulated python ever recorded was found in 1912 and measured in at a staggering 10 metres.
Reticulated pythons live in southeast Asia and while they are typically found in rainforests, woodland and grasslands, their habitat preference seems to depend on their location.
The color pattern of these snakes is a complex geometric pattern that incorporates different colors. The back typically has a series of irregular diamond shapes flanked by smaller markings with light centers.
Reticulated pythons are solitary carnivores, active mostly throughout the night. They are known to climb trees by firmly wrapping their bodies around the trunks and using muscular upward force.
The main threats to Reticulated pythons come from humans.
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What is the biggest known snake to have ever existed?
A snake that weighs 1.25 tons (1.13 metric tons) isn’t a fictional monster but a real creature that once slithered through the humid forests and rivers of South America.
The giant, boa constrictor-like snake, named Titanoboa cerrejonensis, was the biggest known snake to have ever existed.
Dating back 60 million years, this snake was the prehistoric grandfather of the region’s modern-day anacondas and boas.
Its roughly 250 vertebrae formed a massive 13 m (42.7-foot-long) frame that it would have nourished with crocodiles and river fish. It is estimated to have weighed 1,130 kg (2,500 pounds).
Its fossilized remains were discovered in the early 2000s in the rocks of Colombia 🇨🇴.
ℹ️ As snakes and other cold-blooded animals are limited in body size by the ambient temperature of where they live, according to researchers, this giant snake’s dimensions are a sign that temperatures along the equator were once much higher.
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A snake that weighs 1.25 tons (1.13 metric tons) isn’t a fictional monster but a real creature that once slithered through the humid forests and rivers of South America.
The giant, boa constrictor-like snake, named Titanoboa cerrejonensis, was the biggest known snake to have ever existed.
Dating back 60 million years, this snake was the prehistoric grandfather of the region’s modern-day anacondas and boas.
Its roughly 250 vertebrae formed a massive 13 m (42.7-foot-long) frame that it would have nourished with crocodiles and river fish. It is estimated to have weighed 1,130 kg (2,500 pounds).
Its fossilized remains were discovered in the early 2000s in the rocks of Colombia 🇨🇴.
ℹ️ As snakes and other cold-blooded animals are limited in body size by the ambient temperature of where they live, according to researchers, this giant snake’s dimensions are a sign that temperatures along the equator were once much higher.
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What snake can kill 20 people or an elephant?
👑🐍 The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the largest and the longest venomous snake species on Earth nowadays.
Native to Asia, it can grow over 5 meters (16 feet) long.
One of the longest king cobras ever recorded was a captive snake that reached 5.71 m (18.7 feet) at London Zoo in the late 1930s.
It's an effective predator that feeds mainly on other snakes.
When threatened or on attack, king cobra rears its head and creates a hood by spreading its neck ribs.
Their venom is not the most potent among venomous snakes, but the amount of neurotoxin they can deliver in a single bite—up 500 mg—is enough to kill 20 people, or even an elephant.
It is the only snake in the world that builds nests for their eggs and protects them.
Venomous snakes usually don’t grow to be giants as they don’t need to rely on size or strength to feed. However, king cobras are an exception to the rule.
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👑🐍 The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the largest and the longest venomous snake species on Earth nowadays.
Native to Asia, it can grow over 5 meters (16 feet) long.
One of the longest king cobras ever recorded was a captive snake that reached 5.71 m (18.7 feet) at London Zoo in the late 1930s.
It's an effective predator that feeds mainly on other snakes.
When threatened or on attack, king cobra rears its head and creates a hood by spreading its neck ribs.
Their venom is not the most potent among venomous snakes, but the amount of neurotoxin they can deliver in a single bite—up 500 mg—is enough to kill 20 people, or even an elephant.
It is the only snake in the world that builds nests for their eggs and protects them.
Venomous snakes usually don’t grow to be giants as they don’t need to rely on size or strength to feed. However, king cobras are an exception to the rule.
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What is the most venomous land snake?
Also known as the “fierce snake”, the Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus Microlepidotus) is considered to be the world’s most venomous land snake.
It bites with only 44-110mg of venom per bite, and this is still enough to kill 2️⃣8️⃣9️⃣ humans.
Native to Australia it is one of three types of Taipans (Coastal, Inland and Central Ranges), and is dark tan in colour, ranging from a rich, dark hue to a brownish light-green, depending on the season. It is smaller than the coastal variety and can grow up to 1.7 metres in length.
These solitary snakes primarily come out during the day.
Although extremely venomous, they are usually shy and prefer to escape trouble. They will, however, defend themselves and strike if angered, mishandled or stopped from escaping.
Their venom can hinder breathing, cause haemorrhaging in blood vessels and tissues, and paralyze muscles. Respiratory paralysis can set in anywhere from two to six hours after you are bitten.
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Also known as the “fierce snake”, the Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus Microlepidotus) is considered to be the world’s most venomous land snake.
It bites with only 44-110mg of venom per bite, and this is still enough to kill 2️⃣8️⃣9️⃣ humans.
Native to Australia it is one of three types of Taipans (Coastal, Inland and Central Ranges), and is dark tan in colour, ranging from a rich, dark hue to a brownish light-green, depending on the season. It is smaller than the coastal variety and can grow up to 1.7 metres in length.
These solitary snakes primarily come out during the day.
Although extremely venomous, they are usually shy and prefer to escape trouble. They will, however, defend themselves and strike if angered, mishandled or stopped from escaping.
Their venom can hinder breathing, cause haemorrhaging in blood vessels and tissues, and paralyze muscles. Respiratory paralysis can set in anywhere from two to six hours after you are bitten.
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What’s the difference between venom and poison?
The terms "venom" and "poison" are not interchangeable, the distinction is more about style than substance.
Venom is injected directly by an animal, whereas poison is delivered passively, such as by being touched or ingested.
Poison and venom don't always work the same way. Venom won't necessarily hurt someone unless it enters the bloodstream while some poisonous animals can cause immediate death if ingested.
❗️ Scientists proposed a third category of natural toxins: the "toxungens” that are actively sprayed or hurled toward their victim without an injection. For example, spitting cobras 🐍can spew toxins from their fangs.
If the distinctions between poisons, venoms and toxungens seem a little arbitrary, it's because they sort of are; in some languages, there is only one word for both "venom" and "poison." In Spanish, for example, both are translated as "veneno."
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The terms "venom" and "poison" are not interchangeable, the distinction is more about style than substance.
Venom is injected directly by an animal, whereas poison is delivered passively, such as by being touched or ingested.
Poison and venom don't always work the same way. Venom won't necessarily hurt someone unless it enters the bloodstream while some poisonous animals can cause immediate death if ingested.
❗️ Scientists proposed a third category of natural toxins: the "toxungens” that are actively sprayed or hurled toward their victim without an injection. For example, spitting cobras 🐍can spew toxins from their fangs.
If the distinctions between poisons, venoms and toxungens seem a little arbitrary, it's because they sort of are; in some languages, there is only one word for both "venom" and "poison." In Spanish, for example, both are translated as "veneno."
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Does the deadliest snake in the world have the most potent venom?
The Saw-Scaled Viper (Echis Carinatus) has the reputation of the world’s deadliest snake as it is believed to be responsible for more human fatalities than all other snakes put together.
They have a stout body with a pear-shaped head which is distinct from the neck. They can grow up to 0.9 m and come in shades of brown, grey, or orange with darker dorsal blotches and lateral spots.
They are nocturnal, feed on different small animals, move sideways (sidewinding locomotion) and can be found in arid regions north of the Equator across Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and the Middle East.
Their venom is far from being as potent as that of the most venomous land snakes. However, they are often found in populated areas where a lack of readily accessible antivenom in rural areas adds to their lethality. So, the potency of the venom has no bearing on the list of world’s deadliest snakes.
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The Saw-Scaled Viper (Echis Carinatus) has the reputation of the world’s deadliest snake as it is believed to be responsible for more human fatalities than all other snakes put together.
They have a stout body with a pear-shaped head which is distinct from the neck. They can grow up to 0.9 m and come in shades of brown, grey, or orange with darker dorsal blotches and lateral spots.
They are nocturnal, feed on different small animals, move sideways (sidewinding locomotion) and can be found in arid regions north of the Equator across Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and the Middle East.
Their venom is far from being as potent as that of the most venomous land snakes. However, they are often found in populated areas where a lack of readily accessible antivenom in rural areas adds to their lethality. So, the potency of the venom has no bearing on the list of world’s deadliest snakes.
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Who are much more venomous than land-based snakes?
Sea snakes are far more venomous than land snakes, including the Inland Taipan.
Being underwater the venom gets diluted, so it has to be more potent.
Just 1.5 mg of venom from the hook-nosed sea snake (Enhydrina schistosa) ⬆️ is estimated to be enough to kill 22 people. This one of the most venomous snake in the world is found in the ocean off Australia, New Zealand, and Asia. They grow to mature lengths up to 1.5 meters (3-5 feet) and weigh in at up to 1.8 kg (4 pounds).
Also known as the Faint-Banded Sea Snake, the Belcher’s Sea Snake (Hydrophis belcheri) ⬆️ is also extremely venomous. According to some studies, its venom is 100 times stronger than the Inland Taipan. They can grow to lengths of up to 1 m, have a slender body with a yellow case and green crossbands and are found among the tropical reefs of the Indian Ocean.
Luckily for humans, these dangerous snakes are also found to be of a shy and timid temperament.
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Sea snakes are far more venomous than land snakes, including the Inland Taipan.
Being underwater the venom gets diluted, so it has to be more potent.
Just 1.5 mg of venom from the hook-nosed sea snake (Enhydrina schistosa) ⬆️ is estimated to be enough to kill 22 people. This one of the most venomous snake in the world is found in the ocean off Australia, New Zealand, and Asia. They grow to mature lengths up to 1.5 meters (3-5 feet) and weigh in at up to 1.8 kg (4 pounds).
Also known as the Faint-Banded Sea Snake, the Belcher’s Sea Snake (Hydrophis belcheri) ⬆️ is also extremely venomous. According to some studies, its venom is 100 times stronger than the Inland Taipan. They can grow to lengths of up to 1 m, have a slender body with a yellow case and green crossbands and are found among the tropical reefs of the Indian Ocean.
Luckily for humans, these dangerous snakes are also found to be of a shy and timid temperament.
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