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Could the Sahara be green again and will Africa finally need its “Great Green Wall”?

🟢 Africa’s “Great Green Wall” initiative was launched to hold back the Sahara from expanding southward.

🟢 This year, after an unusual influx of rain, scientists have compared satellite imagery on September 12, 2024 (⬆️upper image), versus the same day in 2023 (⬆️lower image), and have seen that the southern Sahara’s vegetation reached much farther north in 2024.

ℹ️ Where the trade winds from each hemisphere meet near the Equator is a low-pressure zone, the intertropical convergence zone (ICZ).

🟢 According to researchers, most climate models suggest that the ICZ is the reason for Africa’s greening and farther northward “green” shifts in this zone could happen more frequently in the next decades.

🟢 So, in the distant future, it is very possible that the Sahara could turn green again and Africa, at least for a certain period of time, won’t need its “Great Green Wall”.

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What is a role of Saharan dust on hurricanes?

🌪🌧 Hurricanes, including tropical cyclone rainfall (TCR), are among the most destructive weather phenomena on Earth.

🌡💧Traditionally, sea surface temperature or humidity in the atmosphere were considered as the main factor controlling hurricane precipitation.

🏜❗️Now, scientists believe that Sahara dust plays a leading role on hurricane formation over the ocean, which affects weather in America.

ℹ️ Previous studies have found that Saharan dust transport may decline in the future and TCR could increase due to a climate change.

➡️⬅️According to a recent research, dust can however have competing effects on TCR.
✔️A dust particle can make ice clouds form more efficiently in the core of the hurricane, which can produce more precipitation.
✔️Dust can also block solar radiation and cool sea surface temperatures around a storm’s core, which weakens the TCR.
At high concentrations, dust shifts from boosting to suppressing rainfall.

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