State of Climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts
2- Temperatures
The global mean temperature for 2021 (based on data from January to September) was about 1.09°C above the 1850-1900 average. Currently, the six datasets used by WMO in the analysis place 2021 as the sixth or seventh warmest year on record globally. But the ranking may change at the end of the year.
It is nevertheless likely that 2021 will be between the 5th and 7th warmest year on record and that 2015 to 2021 will be the seven warmest years on record. (Reference)
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2- Temperatures
The global mean temperature for 2021 (based on data from January to September) was about 1.09°C above the 1850-1900 average. Currently, the six datasets used by WMO in the analysis place 2021 as the sixth or seventh warmest year on record globally. But the ranking may change at the end of the year.
It is nevertheless likely that 2021 will be between the 5th and 7th warmest year on record and that 2015 to 2021 will be the seven warmest years on record. (Reference)
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State of Climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts
3- Ocean
Around 90% of the accumulated heat in the Earth system is stored in the ocean, which is measured through Ocean Heat Content.
The upper 2000m depth of the ocean continued to warm in 2019 reaching a new record high. A preliminary analysis based on seven global data sets suggests that 2020 exceeded that record. All data sets agree that ocean warming rates show a particularly strong increase in the past two decades and it is expected that the ocean will continue to warm in the future. (Reference)
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3- Ocean
Around 90% of the accumulated heat in the Earth system is stored in the ocean, which is measured through Ocean Heat Content.
The upper 2000m depth of the ocean continued to warm in 2019 reaching a new record high. A preliminary analysis based on seven global data sets suggests that 2020 exceeded that record. All data sets agree that ocean warming rates show a particularly strong increase in the past two decades and it is expected that the ocean will continue to warm in the future. (Reference)
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State of Climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts
4- Sea level
Global mean sea level changes primarily result from ocean warming via thermal expansion of sea water and land ice melt.
Measured since the early 1990s by high precision altimeter satellites, the mean global mean sea level rise was 2.1 mm per year between 1993 and 2002 and 4.4 mm per year between 2013 and 2021, an increase by a factor of 2 between the periods. This was mostly due to the accelerated loss of ice mass from glaciers and ice sheets. (Reference)
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4- Sea level
Global mean sea level changes primarily result from ocean warming via thermal expansion of sea water and land ice melt.
Measured since the early 1990s by high precision altimeter satellites, the mean global mean sea level rise was 2.1 mm per year between 1993 and 2002 and 4.4 mm per year between 2013 and 2021, an increase by a factor of 2 between the periods. This was mostly due to the accelerated loss of ice mass from glaciers and ice sheets. (Reference)
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State of Climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts
5- Sea Ice
Arctic sea ice was below the 1981-2010 average at its maximum in March. Sea-ice extent then decreased rapidly in June and early July in the Laptev Sea and East Greenland Sea regions. As a result, the Arctic-wide sea-ice extent was record low in the first half of July.
Antarctic sea ice extent was generally close to the 1981–2010 average, with an early maximum extent reached in late August.
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5- Sea Ice
Arctic sea ice was below the 1981-2010 average at its maximum in March. Sea-ice extent then decreased rapidly in June and early July in the Laptev Sea and East Greenland Sea regions. As a result, the Arctic-wide sea-ice extent was record low in the first half of July.
Antarctic sea ice extent was generally close to the 1981–2010 average, with an early maximum extent reached in late August.
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State of Climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts
6- Glaciers and ice sheets
Mass loss from North American glaciers accelerated over the last two decades, nearly doubling for the period 2015-2019 compared to 2000-2004. An exceptionally warm, dry summer in 2021 in western North America took a brutal toll on the region's mountain glaciers.
The Greenland Ice Sheet melt extent was close to the long-term average through the early summer. But temperatures and meltwater runoff were well above normal in August 2021 as a result of a major incursion of warm, humid air in mid-August. (Reference)
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6- Glaciers and ice sheets
Mass loss from North American glaciers accelerated over the last two decades, nearly doubling for the period 2015-2019 compared to 2000-2004. An exceptionally warm, dry summer in 2021 in western North America took a brutal toll on the region's mountain glaciers.
The Greenland Ice Sheet melt extent was close to the long-term average through the early summer. But temperatures and meltwater runoff were well above normal in August 2021 as a result of a major incursion of warm, humid air in mid-August. (Reference)
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State of Climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts
7- Extreme weather
Exceptional heatwaves affected western North America during June and July, with many places breaking station records by 4°C to 6°C and causing hundreds of heat-related deaths. Lytton, in south-central British Columbia, reached 49.6 °C on 29 June, breaking the previous Canadian national record by 4.6 °C and was devastated by fire the next day.
There were also multiple heatwaves in the southwestern United States. Death Valley, California reached 54.4 °C on 9 July, equalling a similar 2020 value as the highest recorded in the world since at least the 1930s. It was the hottest summer on record averaged over the continental United States.
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7- Extreme weather
Exceptional heatwaves affected western North America during June and July, with many places breaking station records by 4°C to 6°C and causing hundreds of heat-related deaths. Lytton, in south-central British Columbia, reached 49.6 °C on 29 June, breaking the previous Canadian national record by 4.6 °C and was devastated by fire the next day.
There were also multiple heatwaves in the southwestern United States. Death Valley, California reached 54.4 °C on 9 July, equalling a similar 2020 value as the highest recorded in the world since at least the 1930s. It was the hottest summer on record averaged over the continental United States.
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State of Climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts
8- Precipitation
Extreme rainfall hit Henan Province of China from 17 to 21 July. The city of Zhengzhou on 20 July received 201.9 mm of rainfall in one hour (a Chinese national record), 382 mm in 6 hours, and 720 mm for the event as a whole, more than its annual average. Flash floods were linked to more than 302 deaths, with reported economic losses of US$17.7 billion.
Western Europe experienced some of its most severe flooding on record in mid-July.
Western Germany and eastern Belgium received 100 to 150 mm over a wide area on 14-15 July over already saturated ground, causing flooding and landslides and more than 200 deaths. The highest daily rainfall was 162.4 mm at Wipperfürth-Gardenau (Germany). (Reference)
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8- Precipitation
Extreme rainfall hit Henan Province of China from 17 to 21 July. The city of Zhengzhou on 20 July received 201.9 mm of rainfall in one hour (a Chinese national record), 382 mm in 6 hours, and 720 mm for the event as a whole, more than its annual average. Flash floods were linked to more than 302 deaths, with reported economic losses of US$17.7 billion.
Western Europe experienced some of its most severe flooding on record in mid-July.
Western Germany and eastern Belgium received 100 to 150 mm over a wide area on 14-15 July over already saturated ground, causing flooding and landslides and more than 200 deaths. The highest daily rainfall was 162.4 mm at Wipperfürth-Gardenau (Germany). (Reference)
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#SolveTheRiddle
The turtle took two chocolates to Texas to teach Thomas to tie his boots; how many T's in that?
The turtle took two chocolates to Texas to teach Thomas to tie his boots; how many T's in that?
NASA’s internet speed is 91 GB per second
The average household internet speeds are roughly 25 MB per second.
That’s usually fast enough to watch Netflix with no buffer time.
And let’s face the fact, if there’s any tech company that would actually make good use of them internet speeds, it’s NASA.
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The average household internet speeds are roughly 25 MB per second.
That’s usually fast enough to watch Netflix with no buffer time.
And let’s face the fact, if there’s any tech company that would actually make good use of them internet speeds, it’s NASA.
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#SolveTheRiddle
You throw away the outside and cook the inside; then you eat the outside and throw away the inside... What is it?
You throw away the outside and cook the inside; then you eat the outside and throw away the inside... What is it?
Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars are known as the “Inner Planets”.
They are named the Inner Planets because they orbit closest to the Sun.
An inner planet is classified as a planet located within the asteroid belt.
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They are named the Inner Planets because they orbit closest to the Sun.
An inner planet is classified as a planet located within the asteroid belt.
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#TongueTwister
She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
The shells she sells are I'm sure she sells surely seashells.
So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells.
(Did you understand? 😉)
She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
The shells she sells are I'm sure she sells surely seashells.
So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells.
(Did you understand? 😉)
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People have been growing potatoes for at least 7,000 years!
As mentioned, the potato was domesticated in parts of Bolivia and Peru.
While we know this happened somewhere between 8,000 to 5,000 BC, the first archaeological evidence comes from much later.
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As mentioned, the potato was domesticated in parts of Bolivia and Peru.
While we know this happened somewhere between 8,000 to 5,000 BC, the first archaeological evidence comes from much later.
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There are around 4,000 different types of potatoes!
This list includes a wide variety of potatoes grown in South America, which are much like those brought back to Europe in the 1600s.
The rest of the list comprises all the different potato cultivars that have been developed in the 400 or so years since.
While there are thousands of different potatoes, generally, only a handful will be available within a region.
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This list includes a wide variety of potatoes grown in South America, which are much like those brought back to Europe in the 1600s.
The rest of the list comprises all the different potato cultivars that have been developed in the 400 or so years since.
While there are thousands of different potatoes, generally, only a handful will be available within a region.
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The Sun makes a full rotation once every 25 – 35 days.
So for us on Earth, one full rotation equals one full day. However, our gargantuan sun takes 25 – 35 Earth days to make one full rotation!
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So for us on Earth, one full rotation equals one full day. However, our gargantuan sun takes 25 – 35 Earth days to make one full rotation!
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#SolveTheRiddle
What's the beginning of the end, the end of time and space, essential to creation, and surrounds every place ?
What's the beginning of the end, the end of time and space, essential to creation, and surrounds every place ?
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If 100 people in your age group were selected randomly, how many do you think they’d find leading a happier life than you?
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The Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) was the first celestial object identified as being spiral.
The grand, spiraling arms of the Whirlpool Galaxy are made up of long lanes of stars and gas, sprinkled with lots of space dust.
These arms act as star formation factories, compressing hydrogen gas and creating clusters of new stars.
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The grand, spiraling arms of the Whirlpool Galaxy are made up of long lanes of stars and gas, sprinkled with lots of space dust.
These arms act as star formation factories, compressing hydrogen gas and creating clusters of new stars.
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