What is the birthplace of tea?
Scientifically the tea tree is called camellia sinensis and is a species of evergreen shrubs or small trees in the flowering plant family Theaceae.
Its leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.
According to the last analysis of botanists, a single place of origin for Camellia sinensis is the area including the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China, and northern part of Burma.
Specifically, the territory of Yunnan Province in China has been identified as the birthplace of tea, and Fengqing County in the Lincang City Prefecture of this province is said to be home to the world's oldest cultivated tea tree, some 3,200 years old.
Tea drinking likely began during the Shang Dynasty (1500 BC–1046 BC) for medicine use.
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Scientifically the tea tree is called camellia sinensis and is a species of evergreen shrubs or small trees in the flowering plant family Theaceae.
Its leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.
According to the last analysis of botanists, a single place of origin for Camellia sinensis is the area including the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China, and northern part of Burma.
Specifically, the territory of Yunnan Province in China has been identified as the birthplace of tea, and Fengqing County in the Lincang City Prefecture of this province is said to be home to the world's oldest cultivated tea tree, some 3,200 years old.
Tea drinking likely began during the Shang Dynasty (1500 BC–1046 BC) for medicine use.
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What is the difference between black tea and green tea?🫖
Both black and green tea come from the same plant - camellia sinensis.
To make black or green tea, plucked tea tree leaves go through different processing stages.
The only difference between black tea and green tea is the oxidation process: its presence or absence.
After the leaves attain an optimal level of oxidation, they are passed through a long flat conveyor at a high temperature. This is called firing or drying, and stops the oxidization process, reducing moisture to around 3-4%. When the tea emerges after firing, it becomes the black tea.
When green tea is being produced, the oxidation process is completely bypassed. The leaves undergo a quick heat treatment to destroy the tea enzyme, and hence, retain their green color. In Japan this is done by steaming the tea leaves, while in China, tea leaves are pan fried - a reason why there are so many different variations of green tea.🍵
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Both black and green tea come from the same plant - camellia sinensis.
To make black or green tea, plucked tea tree leaves go through different processing stages.
The only difference between black tea and green tea is the oxidation process: its presence or absence.
After the leaves attain an optimal level of oxidation, they are passed through a long flat conveyor at a high temperature. This is called firing or drying, and stops the oxidization process, reducing moisture to around 3-4%. When the tea emerges after firing, it becomes the black tea.
When green tea is being produced, the oxidation process is completely bypassed. The leaves undergo a quick heat treatment to destroy the tea enzyme, and hence, retain their green color. In Japan this is done by steaming the tea leaves, while in China, tea leaves are pan fried - a reason why there are so many different variations of green tea.🍵
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What countries produce and drink the most tea?
Considered the birthplace of tea, 🇨🇳China produces some 40% of the world’s tea weighing in at 2.4 million tonnes per annum and is the largest tea producer on the planet.
China is followed by
🇮🇳 India (900,000 tonnes)
🇰🇪 Kenya (305,000 tonnes)
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka (300,000 tonnes)
🇹🇷 Turkey (175,000 tonnes)
🇮🇩 Indonesia (157,000 tonnes)
🇻🇳 Vietnam (117,000 tonnes)
🇯🇵 Japan (89,000 tonnes)
🇮🇷 Iran (84,000 tonnes)
🇦🇷 Argentina (70,000 tonnes)
The ranking of the most tea-drinking countries is quite different.
🇹🇷 Turkey tops the list with an annual tea consumption per capita of 3.16 kg or 6.96 lb.
The second tea drinker nation is 🇮🇪Ireland (2.19 kg or 4.83 lb), followed by the 🇬🇧 UK (1.94 kg or 4.28 lb), 🇮🇷 Iran (1.50 kg or 3.30 lb), 🇷🇺 Russia (1.38 kg or 3.04 lb), 🇲🇦 Morocco (1.22 kg or 2.68 lb), 🇳🇿 New Zealand (1.19 kg or 2.63 lb), 🇨🇱 Chile (1.19 kg or 2.62 lb), 🇪🇬 Egypt (1.01 kg or 2.23 lb) and 🇵🇱 Poland (1.00 kg or 2.20 lb).
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Considered the birthplace of tea, 🇨🇳China produces some 40% of the world’s tea weighing in at 2.4 million tonnes per annum and is the largest tea producer on the planet.
China is followed by
🇮🇳 India (900,000 tonnes)
🇰🇪 Kenya (305,000 tonnes)
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka (300,000 tonnes)
🇹🇷 Turkey (175,000 tonnes)
🇮🇩 Indonesia (157,000 tonnes)
🇻🇳 Vietnam (117,000 tonnes)
🇯🇵 Japan (89,000 tonnes)
🇮🇷 Iran (84,000 tonnes)
🇦🇷 Argentina (70,000 tonnes)
The ranking of the most tea-drinking countries is quite different.
🇹🇷 Turkey tops the list with an annual tea consumption per capita of 3.16 kg or 6.96 lb.
The second tea drinker nation is 🇮🇪Ireland (2.19 kg or 4.83 lb), followed by the 🇬🇧 UK (1.94 kg or 4.28 lb), 🇮🇷 Iran (1.50 kg or 3.30 lb), 🇷🇺 Russia (1.38 kg or 3.04 lb), 🇲🇦 Morocco (1.22 kg or 2.68 lb), 🇳🇿 New Zealand (1.19 kg or 2.63 lb), 🇨🇱 Chile (1.19 kg or 2.62 lb), 🇪🇬 Egypt (1.01 kg or 2.23 lb) and 🇵🇱 Poland (1.00 kg or 2.20 lb).
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Why are American sequoias so large and tall?
Two species of American redwoods, scientifically known as sequoia and sequoiadendron, belong to sequoioideae, a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family cupressaceae, and are the tallest and largest trees on the planet.🌲
📍The tallest sequoia measures at 115 meters (380 feet) high and the largest one has a diameter of 11 meters (36,5 feet) with an estimated mass of over 1,910 tonnes.
Sequoias grow so tall and large because they live a very long time and grow relatively quickly.
To thrive they require a great amount of water, which they primarily receive from the snow that accumulates in the mountains in winter and soaks into the ground when melting in spring.
Sequoias need well-drained soil, so walking around the base of the tree can cause it harm, as it compacts the soil around their shallow roots and prevents the trees from getting enough water.
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Two species of American redwoods, scientifically known as sequoia and sequoiadendron, belong to sequoioideae, a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family cupressaceae, and are the tallest and largest trees on the planet.🌲
📍The tallest sequoia measures at 115 meters (380 feet) high and the largest one has a diameter of 11 meters (36,5 feet) with an estimated mass of over 1,910 tonnes.
Sequoias grow so tall and large because they live a very long time and grow relatively quickly.
To thrive they require a great amount of water, which they primarily receive from the snow that accumulates in the mountains in winter and soaks into the ground when melting in spring.
Sequoias need well-drained soil, so walking around the base of the tree can cause it harm, as it compacts the soil around their shallow roots and prevents the trees from getting enough water.
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Can people protect American sequoias from forest fires?
A great number of wildfires 🔥 regularly occur on the US Western coast: exactly where sequoias grow.
Naturally, American authorities try to struggle against forest fires to minimize their negative impacts on the environment and infrastructure.🚒
However, in the case with the world’s biggest trees successful fire suppression policies can lead to an opposite result by increasing the growth of dense, brushy undergrowth and reducing the likelihood of sequoias regeneration.
The thing is that fire is an important element of the sequoia forest, as sequoia seedlings need nutrient-rich soil, lots of sunlight, and an area free of competition from other plants to thrive.
Periodic wildfires help to produce all of these conditions and are therefore very beneficial to the reproduction of sequoia trees.
Researchers have discovered that gaps in the forest canopy up to 0.5 acres in size can help secure and promote this regeneration.
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A great number of wildfires 🔥 regularly occur on the US Western coast: exactly where sequoias grow.
Naturally, American authorities try to struggle against forest fires to minimize their negative impacts on the environment and infrastructure.🚒
However, in the case with the world’s biggest trees successful fire suppression policies can lead to an opposite result by increasing the growth of dense, brushy undergrowth and reducing the likelihood of sequoias regeneration.
The thing is that fire is an important element of the sequoia forest, as sequoia seedlings need nutrient-rich soil, lots of sunlight, and an area free of competition from other plants to thrive.
Periodic wildfires help to produce all of these conditions and are therefore very beneficial to the reproduction of sequoia trees.
Researchers have discovered that gaps in the forest canopy up to 0.5 acres in size can help secure and promote this regeneration.
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⚡️What is a scientific description of lightning and thunder?⚡️
Much about how and why lightnings form remains unknown and is the subject of scientific research.
But in general it can be described as a giant spark of static electricity that occurs in thunderstorms when electrical charge is released within the storm clouds.
The majority of lightnings occur between clouds, they are then called cloud-to-cloud lightnings.
But the charge release can also take place between thunderstorm clouds and the ground, leading to the classic cloud-to-ground lightning.
Research suggests that every second as much as 40 lightings occur in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Thunder is the acoustic shock wave that results from the heat that a lightning strike produces.
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Much about how and why lightnings form remains unknown and is the subject of scientific research.
But in general it can be described as a giant spark of static electricity that occurs in thunderstorms when electrical charge is released within the storm clouds.
The majority of lightnings occur between clouds, they are then called cloud-to-cloud lightnings.
But the charge release can also take place between thunderstorm clouds and the ground, leading to the classic cloud-to-ground lightning.
Research suggests that every second as much as 40 lightings occur in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Thunder is the acoustic shock wave that results from the heat that a lightning strike produces.
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Do “superlightnings” exist?⚡️⚡️⚡️
After several decades of research scientists confirm that “superlightnings” or “superbolts” — flashes of lightning that are up to 1,000 times brighter and more powerful than average — do really exist.
These ultrabright bolts can produce at least 100 gigawatts of power (such amount of energy can power about 50 mln people living on an urbanized territory of 450,000 square kilometers).
“Superbolts” could emanate from electrical pulses between clouds🌩, as well as from cloud-to-ground pulses.
While “normal” lightnings form when electrical charges in clouds and on the ground interact and the clouds are negatively charged, “superbolts” form during rare cloud-to-ground interactions in which the clouds are positively charged.
“Superlightnings” over the ocean 🌊 are fueled by the gradual buildup of electrical charges in the stormclouds, and their bolts are more powerful when all that electricity is eventually released.
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After several decades of research scientists confirm that “superlightnings” or “superbolts” — flashes of lightning that are up to 1,000 times brighter and more powerful than average — do really exist.
These ultrabright bolts can produce at least 100 gigawatts of power (such amount of energy can power about 50 mln people living on an urbanized territory of 450,000 square kilometers).
“Superbolts” could emanate from electrical pulses between clouds🌩, as well as from cloud-to-ground pulses.
While “normal” lightnings form when electrical charges in clouds and on the ground interact and the clouds are negatively charged, “superbolts” form during rare cloud-to-ground interactions in which the clouds are positively charged.
“Superlightnings” over the ocean 🌊 are fueled by the gradual buildup of electrical charges in the stormclouds, and their bolts are more powerful when all that electricity is eventually released.
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How big can a lightning actually get?
While most lightning flashes measure at 3.2 to 4.8 kilometers (2 to 3 miles) in length, some truly colossal bolts occasionally crackle above our heads.
Vertically, the extent of a flash is limited by the height of a storm cloud, or the distance from the ground to its pinnacle, which is about 20 km (12 miles) at its highest.
But horizontally, an extensive cloud system provides much more room for the heavyweights of lightning division.
In April 2020 American meteorologists recorded a megaflash that stretched from Texas to Mississippi, covering 768 km (477 miles).
According to scientists, the larger the parent cloud, the more opportunity there is for the discharge to continue propagating, hence there are likely much bigger flashes out there.
At the same time, megaflashes aren't more dangerous than regular lightning and don’t necessarily carry more energy.
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While most lightning flashes measure at 3.2 to 4.8 kilometers (2 to 3 miles) in length, some truly colossal bolts occasionally crackle above our heads.
Vertically, the extent of a flash is limited by the height of a storm cloud, or the distance from the ground to its pinnacle, which is about 20 km (12 miles) at its highest.
But horizontally, an extensive cloud system provides much more room for the heavyweights of lightning division.
In April 2020 American meteorologists recorded a megaflash that stretched from Texas to Mississippi, covering 768 km (477 miles).
According to scientists, the larger the parent cloud, the more opportunity there is for the discharge to continue propagating, hence there are likely much bigger flashes out there.
At the same time, megaflashes aren't more dangerous than regular lightning and don’t necessarily carry more energy.
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How much did a table atomic energy lab with real uranium cost?
Although most modern people know about the dangers of radiation and would hardly like to consciously buy something containing it, in the early 1950s in the US parents could pamper their kids with…a radioactive toy!🤯
The Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Lab was a learning set with four samples of uranium-bearing ores ☢️ (autunite, torbernite, uraninite, and carnotite), as well as a Geiger-Mueller radiation counter and various other tools.
The set also came with a comic book featuring Dagwood from the popular Blondie comic strip.
It was titled "Learn How Dagwood Splits the Atom" and written in conjunction with military specialists of the US nuclear Manhattan Project.
Described as "the most elaborate Atomic Energy educational set ever produced" the toy was then sold for $49.50.
It is ranked one of the most dangerous consumer products.⚠️
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Although most modern people know about the dangers of radiation and would hardly like to consciously buy something containing it, in the early 1950s in the US parents could pamper their kids with…a radioactive toy!🤯
The Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Lab was a learning set with four samples of uranium-bearing ores ☢️ (autunite, torbernite, uraninite, and carnotite), as well as a Geiger-Mueller radiation counter and various other tools.
The set also came with a comic book featuring Dagwood from the popular Blondie comic strip.
It was titled "Learn How Dagwood Splits the Atom" and written in conjunction with military specialists of the US nuclear Manhattan Project.
Described as "the most elaborate Atomic Energy educational set ever produced" the toy was then sold for $49.50.
It is ranked one of the most dangerous consumer products.⚠️
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What toy is considered the most harmful?
The answer to this question is lawn darts, also known under a military styled name Javelin darts, a lawn game for two players or teams that appeared in stores in the 1960s.
Its set usually includes four large darts and two targets in the form of a plastic ring.
30cm (12 inches) in length with a weighted metal or plastic tip on one end and three plastic fins on a rod at the other end, the darts are intended to be tossed underhand toward a horizontal ground target.🤯
❗️After more than 6,000 recorded injuries and at least 3 children's deaths 😢, attributed to this game, it was banned in the US 🇺🇸 and Canada 🇨🇦 in 1988.
Nevertheless, lawn darts remain legal in Europe.🇪🇺
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The answer to this question is lawn darts, also known under a military styled name Javelin darts, a lawn game for two players or teams that appeared in stores in the 1960s.
Its set usually includes four large darts and two targets in the form of a plastic ring.
30cm (12 inches) in length with a weighted metal or plastic tip on one end and three plastic fins on a rod at the other end, the darts are intended to be tossed underhand toward a horizontal ground target.🤯
❗️After more than 6,000 recorded injuries and at least 3 children's deaths 😢, attributed to this game, it was banned in the US 🇺🇸 and Canada 🇨🇦 in 1988.
Nevertheless, lawn darts remain legal in Europe.🇪🇺
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What is the healthiest diet?
The Mediterranean diet is considered the peak of healthy eating.😋
It’s scientifically proven that people in the region of the Mediterranean see who are following this diet, are experiencing lower rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer than those in other countries.💪
This is thought to be due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a diet high in starchy, fibrous foods, vegetables🍅🍆🥑🥦🥬🥒🥕 and fish🐟.
The main principles of the Mediterranean diet are📝:
📍More starchy foods, such as bread or pasta, preferably whole grain.
📍More lean protein, such as fish.
📍More unsaturated fats, such as olive oil.
📍More fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables high in fibre.
📍Less processed foods.
📍Less red meat - try replacing red meat with plant-based protein sources such as legumes.
📍Everything in moderation. You can still enjoy processed or fast foods, just not too often.
👍
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The Mediterranean diet is considered the peak of healthy eating.😋
It’s scientifically proven that people in the region of the Mediterranean see who are following this diet, are experiencing lower rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer than those in other countries.💪
This is thought to be due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a diet high in starchy, fibrous foods, vegetables🍅🍆🥑🥦🥬🥒🥕 and fish🐟.
The main principles of the Mediterranean diet are📝:
📍More starchy foods, such as bread or pasta, preferably whole grain.
📍More lean protein, such as fish.
📍More unsaturated fats, such as olive oil.
📍More fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables high in fibre.
📍Less processed foods.
📍Less red meat - try replacing red meat with plant-based protein sources such as legumes.
📍Everything in moderation. You can still enjoy processed or fast foods, just not too often.
👍
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What are the two types of tsunamis?
On a regular basis we hear about tsunamis resulting from volcanic islands collapses somewhere in the open waters of the World Ocean.🌊
They are caused by disruptions to the seafloor due to the movement of tectonic plates and therefore are called tectonic.
These tsunamis start as small waves only a few feet high that can travel enormous distances and increase in height when they reach the coast.
This type makes up more than 90% of all tsunamis, but is not the only one.
The second, much rarer type, is a landslide-generated tsunami that can be even larger than tectonic ones but is also much more short-lived, decaying rapidly.
When generating extremely large and tall waves, both types are qualified as megatsunamis.
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On a regular basis we hear about tsunamis resulting from volcanic islands collapses somewhere in the open waters of the World Ocean.🌊
They are caused by disruptions to the seafloor due to the movement of tectonic plates and therefore are called tectonic.
These tsunamis start as small waves only a few feet high that can travel enormous distances and increase in height when they reach the coast.
This type makes up more than 90% of all tsunamis, but is not the only one.
The second, much rarer type, is a landslide-generated tsunami that can be even larger than tectonic ones but is also much more short-lived, decaying rapidly.
When generating extremely large and tall waves, both types are qualified as megatsunamis.
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What's the tallest wave ever recorded?
The tallest wave 🌊🌊🌊 was part of a landslide-generated tsunami (see our previous post) and was recorded in July 1958 in Lituya Bay (on the photo), on Alaska's southern coast after an 8.3-magnitude earthquake.
The colossal wave leveled trees on the steep slopes surrounding the bay up to a maximum height of about 520 meters (more than 1,700 feet) above sea level — higher than some tallest skyscrapers.😲
According to researchers, for the tsunami to reach this height, the landslide that triggered it would have likely dumped around 30 million cubic meters (1.1 billion cubic feet) of rock into the bay.
Modern laboratory methods showed that the wave responsible for leveling the trees was at least 150 m (around 492 feet) tall, which makes it taller than any wave crest recorded on Earth.
The shape of Lituya Bay which is a fjord — a long and narrow coastal inlet with steep sides – also contributed to the wave's being so tall.
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The tallest wave 🌊🌊🌊 was part of a landslide-generated tsunami (see our previous post) and was recorded in July 1958 in Lituya Bay (on the photo), on Alaska's southern coast after an 8.3-magnitude earthquake.
The colossal wave leveled trees on the steep slopes surrounding the bay up to a maximum height of about 520 meters (more than 1,700 feet) above sea level — higher than some tallest skyscrapers.😲
According to researchers, for the tsunami to reach this height, the landslide that triggered it would have likely dumped around 30 million cubic meters (1.1 billion cubic feet) of rock into the bay.
Modern laboratory methods showed that the wave responsible for leveling the trees was at least 150 m (around 492 feet) tall, which makes it taller than any wave crest recorded on Earth.
The shape of Lituya Bay which is a fjord — a long and narrow coastal inlet with steep sides – also contributed to the wave's being so tall.
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