What is an equinox?
There are only 2️⃣ times of the year when the Earth's axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun, resulting in a "nearly" equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes.
These are Equinoxes ⬆️ (in 2013 and 2014) .
The name is derived from 2️⃣ Latin words - aequus (equal) and nox (night).
At the equator, the sun is directly overhead at noon on these events.
The "nearly" equal hours of day and night are due to refraction of sunlight or a bending of the light's rays that causes the sun to appear above the horizon when the actual position of the sun is below the horizon.
Additionally, the days become a little longer at the higher latitudes because it takes the sun longer to rise and set.
On the equinox and for several days before and after it, the length of day will range from about 12 hours and six and one-half minutes at the equator, to 12 hours and 8 minutes at 30 degrees latitude, to 12 hours and 16 minutes at 60 degrees latitude.
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There are only 2️⃣ times of the year when the Earth's axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun, resulting in a "nearly" equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes.
These are Equinoxes ⬆️ (in 2013 and 2014) .
The name is derived from 2️⃣ Latin words - aequus (equal) and nox (night).
At the equator, the sun is directly overhead at noon on these events.
The "nearly" equal hours of day and night are due to refraction of sunlight or a bending of the light's rays that causes the sun to appear above the horizon when the actual position of the sun is below the horizon.
Additionally, the days become a little longer at the higher latitudes because it takes the sun longer to rise and set.
On the equinox and for several days before and after it, the length of day will range from about 12 hours and six and one-half minutes at the equator, to 12 hours and 8 minutes at 30 degrees latitude, to 12 hours and 16 minutes at 60 degrees latitude.
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Why does each season start twice?
📌 Seasons are defined in two ways: astronomical seasons, which are based on Earth’s position as it rotates around the Sun, and meteorological seasons, which are based on annual temperature cycles. Both divide the year into spring, summer, autumn, and winter—yet with slightly different start and end dates for each.
📌 In the past people marked astronomical seasons with different calendars, but now, the start of each astronomical season is marked by either an equinox or a solstice.
This method of measuring the seasons, however, presents some challenges.
The solar year is approximately
📌 That’s why weather forecasters and climatologists turned to meteorological seasons instead.
Meteorological seasons are far simpler than astronomical seasons. They divide the calendar year into four seasons that each last exactly three months and are based on the annual temperature cycle. Winter takes place during the coldest three months of the year, summer in the hottest three months, and spring and fall mark the remaining transition months.
In the Northern Hemisphere, that means the start date for each season is March 1 (spring), June 1 (summer), September 1 (fall), and December 1 (winter). In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons are reversed; spring begins in September, summer in December, fall in March, and winter in June.
The consistency of meteorological seasons allows meteorologists to make the complex statistical calculations necessary to make predictions and compare seasons to one another.
ℹ️ So the first day of each meteorological season is respectively March 1, June 1, September 1, and December 1 while each astronomical season starts respectively with the first equinox around March 21, the first solstice between June 20-22, the second equinox around September 22, and the second solstice between December 20-23.
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📌 Seasons are defined in two ways: astronomical seasons, which are based on Earth’s position as it rotates around the Sun, and meteorological seasons, which are based on annual temperature cycles. Both divide the year into spring, summer, autumn, and winter—yet with slightly different start and end dates for each.
📌 In the past people marked astronomical seasons with different calendars, but now, the start of each astronomical season is marked by either an equinox or a solstice.
This method of measuring the seasons, however, presents some challenges.
The solar year is approximately
365.2422 Earth days long, making it impossible for any calendar to perfectly sync with Earth’s rotation around the sun. As a result, astronomical seasons start on slightly different days and times each year—making it difficult to keep the climate statistics that are used in agriculture, commerce, and more. 📌 That’s why weather forecasters and climatologists turned to meteorological seasons instead.
Meteorological seasons are far simpler than astronomical seasons. They divide the calendar year into four seasons that each last exactly three months and are based on the annual temperature cycle. Winter takes place during the coldest three months of the year, summer in the hottest three months, and spring and fall mark the remaining transition months.
In the Northern Hemisphere, that means the start date for each season is March 1 (spring), June 1 (summer), September 1 (fall), and December 1 (winter). In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons are reversed; spring begins in September, summer in December, fall in March, and winter in June.
The consistency of meteorological seasons allows meteorologists to make the complex statistical calculations necessary to make predictions and compare seasons to one another.
ℹ️ So the first day of each meteorological season is respectively March 1, June 1, September 1, and December 1 while each astronomical season starts respectively with the first equinox around March 21, the first solstice between June 20-22, the second equinox around September 22, and the second solstice between December 20-23.
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Ask Me
What is an equinox?
There are only 2️⃣ times of the year when the Earth's axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun, resulting in a "nearly" equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes.
These are Equinoxes ⬆️ (in 2013 and 2014) . …
There are only 2️⃣ times of the year when the Earth's axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun, resulting in a "nearly" equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes.
These are Equinoxes ⬆️ (in 2013 and 2014) . …
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What are two amazing medical discoveries of 2022?
Earliest surgery
After investigating the skeleton of a person who lived on the Indonesian island of Borneo about 31,000 years ago researchers found out that the first known surgical operation was a leg amputation ⬆️. Healed bone where the lower left leg had been removed suggests the individual survived for several years after the procedure. The discovery pushes surgery’s origin back by some 20,000 years.
Resurrecting dying organs
Yale scientists succeeded in reviving cells in the hearts, liver, kidneys, and brains of pigs that had been lying dead in a lab for an hour. The researchers used a device much like a heart-lung machine to pump a custom-made solution, dubbed OrganEx, into the pigs' bodies ⬆️. The pigs' hearts started beating. The pigs weren't revived, but the technology might be useful for human transplantation and in limiting damage to hearts from heart attacks, and to brains from strokes.
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Earliest surgery
After investigating the skeleton of a person who lived on the Indonesian island of Borneo about 31,000 years ago researchers found out that the first known surgical operation was a leg amputation ⬆️. Healed bone where the lower left leg had been removed suggests the individual survived for several years after the procedure. The discovery pushes surgery’s origin back by some 20,000 years.
Resurrecting dying organs
Yale scientists succeeded in reviving cells in the hearts, liver, kidneys, and brains of pigs that had been lying dead in a lab for an hour. The researchers used a device much like a heart-lung machine to pump a custom-made solution, dubbed OrganEx, into the pigs' bodies ⬆️. The pigs' hearts started beating. The pigs weren't revived, but the technology might be useful for human transplantation and in limiting damage to hearts from heart attacks, and to brains from strokes.
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What are some record-breaking biological discoveries of 2022?
Biggest single-celled bacterium
Averaging about a centimeter long and visible to the naked eye, Thiomargarita magnifica, is a newfound bacterium, which lives in the mangrove forests of the Caribbean’s Lesser Antilles, is about 50 times larger than other species of big bacteria and about 5,000 times larger than typical bacteria. Why this species evolved into such a giant is unknown.
Largest fish colony 🐟
Deep off the coast of Antarctica, a breeding colony of some 60 million nests of Jonah’s icefish (Neopagetopsis ionah) is stretching across at least 240 square kilometers of seafloor.
The world's smallest new snail species 🐌
In Southeast Asia, scientists discovered two new snail species, smaller than any seen before. They dubbed the smallest one, measuring only 0.6 millimeters in diameter, Angustopila psammion, as “psammion” derives from the ancient Greek word for “grain of sand.”
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Biggest single-celled bacterium
Averaging about a centimeter long and visible to the naked eye, Thiomargarita magnifica, is a newfound bacterium, which lives in the mangrove forests of the Caribbean’s Lesser Antilles, is about 50 times larger than other species of big bacteria and about 5,000 times larger than typical bacteria. Why this species evolved into such a giant is unknown.
Largest fish colony 🐟
Deep off the coast of Antarctica, a breeding colony of some 60 million nests of Jonah’s icefish (Neopagetopsis ionah) is stretching across at least 240 square kilometers of seafloor.
The world's smallest new snail species 🐌
In Southeast Asia, scientists discovered two new snail species, smaller than any seen before. They dubbed the smallest one, measuring only 0.6 millimeters in diameter, Angustopila psammion, as “psammion” derives from the ancient Greek word for “grain of sand.”
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Science
A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles
Candidatus Thiomargarita magnifica contains compartmentalized genomic material and disrupts conceptions of microbial morphology.
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Ask Me
What are some record-breaking biological discoveries of 2022? Biggest single-celled bacterium Averaging about a centimeter long and visible to the naked eye, Thiomargarita magnifica, is a newfound bacterium, which lives in the mangrove forests of the Caribbean’s…
Biggest single-celled bacterium ⬆️
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Ask Me
What are some record-breaking biological discoveries of 2022? Biggest single-celled bacterium Averaging about a centimeter long and visible to the naked eye, Thiomargarita magnifica, is a newfound bacterium, which lives in the mangrove forests of the Caribbean’s…
Largest fish colony 🐟 ⬆️
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Ask Me
What are some record-breaking biological discoveries of 2022? Biggest single-celled bacterium Averaging about a centimeter long and visible to the naked eye, Thiomargarita magnifica, is a newfound bacterium, which lives in the mangrove forests of the Caribbean’s…
The world's smallest new snail species 🐌 ⬆️
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What are new details of the dino-killing impact discovered in 2022?
The impact that ended the age of 🦖🦕 some 66 million years ago was the worst single day for the life on Earth.
A 6.5-mile-wide asteroid called Chicxulub slammed into the waters off what is now Mexico, triggering a mass extinction that killed off more than 75 % of Earth’s species!
📌In 2022, researchers were studying a set of fossil fish that died in the blast and concluded the asteroid struck during spring in the Northern Hemisphere.
📌They provided another glimpse of the asteroid’s devastation: Within minutes of the impact, rocks that formed in the extreme temperatures rained down more than a thousand miles from the crater’s center.
📌Scientists also announced that they had found signs of another possible undersea crater off the coast of West Africa that is about the same age as Chicxulub—perhaps evidence that a fragment of the incoming asteroid broke off and smashed into Earth separately.
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The impact that ended the age of 🦖🦕 some 66 million years ago was the worst single day for the life on Earth.
A 6.5-mile-wide asteroid called Chicxulub slammed into the waters off what is now Mexico, triggering a mass extinction that killed off more than 75 % of Earth’s species!
📌In 2022, researchers were studying a set of fossil fish that died in the blast and concluded the asteroid struck during spring in the Northern Hemisphere.
📌They provided another glimpse of the asteroid’s devastation: Within minutes of the impact, rocks that formed in the extreme temperatures rained down more than a thousand miles from the crater’s center.
📌Scientists also announced that they had found signs of another possible undersea crater off the coast of West Africa that is about the same age as Chicxulub—perhaps evidence that a fragment of the incoming asteroid broke off and smashed into Earth separately.
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What are two big space breakthroughs of 2022?
Closest black hole ⚫️
By sifting through data released by the Gaia spacecraft, astrophysicists discovered in 2022 a black hole that’s just over 1,560 light-years from Earth. Dubbed Gaia BH1, it’s about twice as close as the previously nearest known black hole.
But that record may not stand, as about 100 million black holes are predicted to exist in the Milky Way and even closer black holes may turn up in the next years.
The Space Innovation of the Year 🔭
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, the giant infrared instrument now parked a million km from Earth, was named the Innovation of the Year.
Its first images were finally presented in July, revealing an unprecedentedly detailed view of the cosmos, “the deepest view of the universe ever” according to specialists.
The telescope is working through a long list of planned observations, exploring everything from the oldest galaxies to the atmospheres of distant exoplanets.
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Closest black hole ⚫️
By sifting through data released by the Gaia spacecraft, astrophysicists discovered in 2022 a black hole that’s just over 1,560 light-years from Earth. Dubbed Gaia BH1, it’s about twice as close as the previously nearest known black hole.
But that record may not stand, as about 100 million black holes are predicted to exist in the Milky Way and even closer black holes may turn up in the next years.
The Space Innovation of the Year 🔭
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, the giant infrared instrument now parked a million km from Earth, was named the Innovation of the Year.
Its first images were finally presented in July, revealing an unprecedentedly detailed view of the cosmos, “the deepest view of the universe ever” according to specialists.
The telescope is working through a long list of planned observations, exploring everything from the oldest galaxies to the atmospheres of distant exoplanets.
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What is astronomy?
✔️ Astronomy is the study of the universe, the celestial objects that make up the universe, and the processes that govern the lifecycle of those objects.
🔭 Astronomy is largely an observational science. Astronomers use the electromagnetic radiation emitted from stars and other celestial objects, which can include visible light, UV, infrared, and X-rays. Because the light from these objects is the primary means to study them, one of the most important tools for an astronomer is the telescope.
♾ Given the size of the universe (which could be infinite), astronomy is an enormous field.
🌠🌌The celestial objects that astronomers study include stars, galaxies, nebulae, and supernova.
🔙 Because of the enormous distances between Earth and other objects, when astronomers look farther away, they are also looking back in time. This is because of the amount of time it takes the light we see to travel from the source to us here on Earth.
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✔️ Astronomy is the study of the universe, the celestial objects that make up the universe, and the processes that govern the lifecycle of those objects.
🔭 Astronomy is largely an observational science. Astronomers use the electromagnetic radiation emitted from stars and other celestial objects, which can include visible light, UV, infrared, and X-rays. Because the light from these objects is the primary means to study them, one of the most important tools for an astronomer is the telescope.
♾ Given the size of the universe (which could be infinite), astronomy is an enormous field.
🌠🌌The celestial objects that astronomers study include stars, galaxies, nebulae, and supernova.
🔙 Because of the enormous distances between Earth and other objects, when astronomers look farther away, they are also looking back in time. This is because of the amount of time it takes the light we see to travel from the source to us here on Earth.
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Who were the first great astronomers?
Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five wandering stars, which with the sun and moon form the seven original 'planets' (Greek for 'wanderers').
Within Mesopotamia the Babylonians, flourishing from the 18th century BC, are considered to be the first great astronomers. The minutes and seconds of modern astronomical measurement derive from their number system.
Greeks
From the 6th century BC the Greeks make significant advances in astronomy: their analytical approach to the heavens leads to early insights of great brilliance.
They are first to produce an astronomical theory in which a circular earth revolves on its own axis as well as moving in an orbit. The theory derives in part from the need to locate the great fire which they believe fuels the universe.
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Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five wandering stars, which with the sun and moon form the seven original 'planets' (Greek for 'wanderers').
Within Mesopotamia the Babylonians, flourishing from the 18th century BC, are considered to be the first great astronomers. The minutes and seconds of modern astronomical measurement derive from their number system.
Greeks
From the 6th century BC the Greeks make significant advances in astronomy: their analytical approach to the heavens leads to early insights of great brilliance.
They are first to produce an astronomical theory in which a circular earth revolves on its own axis as well as moving in an orbit. The theory derives in part from the need to locate the great fire which they believe fuels the universe.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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What is the zodiac?
The zodiac is the line on the celestial sphere (the full pattern of stars as seen in the night sky) along which the sun seems to move during a full year. The position of the sun on any day can be discovered by observing which stars are just above the horizon at the point where the sun is about to rise or has recently set. They will be the same group of stars at the beginning or end of the same day, even though appearing in the east at dawn and in the west at dusk - for the sun's position in relation to the stars, as seen from earth, hardly changes within a day.
The concept of the zodiac was introduced by the Babylonians who realized that the zodiac can serve as a yardstick of celestial time if divided into recognizable and equal segments. They selected twelve constellations to represent these segments and gave them the names of animals.
The Greeks later provided the term for the zodiac when they describe it as the 'animal circle' (zodiakos kyklos).
In succession these constellations are ⬇️
♈️ Aries (the Ram)
♉️ Taurus (Bull)
♊️ Gemini (Twins)
♋️ Cancer (Crab)
♌️ Leo (Lion)
♍️ Virgo (Virgin)
♎️ Libra (Scales)
♏️ Scorpio (Scorpion)
♐️ Sagittarius (Archer)
♑️ Capricornus (Goat)
♒️ Aquarius (Water Carrier)
♓️ Pisces (Fishes)
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The zodiac is the line on the celestial sphere (the full pattern of stars as seen in the night sky) along which the sun seems to move during a full year. The position of the sun on any day can be discovered by observing which stars are just above the horizon at the point where the sun is about to rise or has recently set. They will be the same group of stars at the beginning or end of the same day, even though appearing in the east at dawn and in the west at dusk - for the sun's position in relation to the stars, as seen from earth, hardly changes within a day.
The concept of the zodiac was introduced by the Babylonians who realized that the zodiac can serve as a yardstick of celestial time if divided into recognizable and equal segments. They selected twelve constellations to represent these segments and gave them the names of animals.
The Greeks later provided the term for the zodiac when they describe it as the 'animal circle' (zodiakos kyklos).
In succession these constellations are ⬇️
♈️ Aries (the Ram)
♉️ Taurus (Bull)
♊️ Gemini (Twins)
♋️ Cancer (Crab)
♌️ Leo (Lion)
♍️ Virgo (Virgin)
♎️ Libra (Scales)
♏️ Scorpio (Scorpion)
♐️ Sagittarius (Archer)
♑️ Capricornus (Goat)
♒️ Aquarius (Water Carrier)
♓️ Pisces (Fishes)
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Who were the first great astronomers?
Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five…
Astronomical observation begins with the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, where prominent constellations are recognized and named soon after 3000 BC.
Babylonians
The sky-watchers of Mesopotamia identify the five…
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What is astrology and is it a science?
Astrology can be defined as the study of the connection between celestial activity phenomena and earthly events.
In some context astrology is also described as the primitive study of celestial bodies, which formed the basis of astronomy and began with the ancient civilizations.
Those who practice astrology are called astrologers.
Astrology maintains that each person is born under a particular sign of the zodiac.
Some divide astrology in 3️⃣ branches:
🟢 Mundane A. (predictions about national and international affairs)
🔵 Interrogatory A. (predictions about subject’s life)
🟣 Natal A. (predictions based on the date of a person’s birth)
Even though astrologers use mathematics and astronomy to make their calculations, there is no evidence that astrological predictions are accurate and thus astrology is a pseudoscience.
ℹ️ A pseudoscience is a field that pretends to use scientific methodology, but does not follow the scientific method.
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Astrology can be defined as the study of the connection between celestial activity phenomena and earthly events.
In some context astrology is also described as the primitive study of celestial bodies, which formed the basis of astronomy and began with the ancient civilizations.
Those who practice astrology are called astrologers.
Astrology maintains that each person is born under a particular sign of the zodiac.
Some divide astrology in 3️⃣ branches:
🟢 Mundane A. (predictions about national and international affairs)
🔵 Interrogatory A. (predictions about subject’s life)
🟣 Natal A. (predictions based on the date of a person’s birth)
Even though astrologers use mathematics and astronomy to make their calculations, there is no evidence that astrological predictions are accurate and thus astrology is a pseudoscience.
ℹ️ A pseudoscience is a field that pretends to use scientific methodology, but does not follow the scientific method.
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What is calendar?
A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes.
This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years.
A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system.
Periods in a calendar are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon.
Many civilizations have devised a calendar, usually derived from other calendars on which they model their systems, suited to their particular needs.
🗓 A calendar is also a physical device. This is the most common usage of the word.
📱💻 Other similar types of calendars can include computerized systems, which can be set to remind the user of upcoming events and appointments.
📝 A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar.
The English word calendar is derived from the Latin word ‘kalendae’, the Latin name of the first day of every month.
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A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes.
This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years.
A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system.
Periods in a calendar are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon.
Many civilizations have devised a calendar, usually derived from other calendars on which they model their systems, suited to their particular needs.
🗓 A calendar is also a physical device. This is the most common usage of the word.
📱💻 Other similar types of calendars can include computerized systems, which can be set to remind the user of upcoming events and appointments.
📝 A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar.
The English word calendar is derived from the Latin word ‘kalendae’, the Latin name of the first day of every month.
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