Why are many children fussy eaters?
A new study demonstrates that at the age of six, children become extra fussy, particularly about the texture of their meal. The researchers asked 485 children between the ages of 5 and 12 to choose between six different foods with and without lumps, seeds and pieces of fruit in them ⬆️. In 76% of the instances, 6-year-olds opted for foods without lumps, the highest preference rate observed across the age groups.
According to researchers, food neophobia – a fear and rejection of eating new or unfamiliar foods – may be the main explanation for such children's eating behavior. Food neophobia is thought to be a protective function against dangerous foods, which seems to be particularly important for 6-7 aged children when they start to become more mobile and independent.
However, the study showed that the "anti-chunk phase" gradually goes the other way in 7–12-year-olds, even if parents often need to offer new foods up to 15 times.
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A new study demonstrates that at the age of six, children become extra fussy, particularly about the texture of their meal. The researchers asked 485 children between the ages of 5 and 12 to choose between six different foods with and without lumps, seeds and pieces of fruit in them ⬆️. In 76% of the instances, 6-year-olds opted for foods without lumps, the highest preference rate observed across the age groups.
According to researchers, food neophobia – a fear and rejection of eating new or unfamiliar foods – may be the main explanation for such children's eating behavior. Food neophobia is thought to be a protective function against dangerous foods, which seems to be particularly important for 6-7 aged children when they start to become more mobile and independent.
However, the study showed that the "anti-chunk phase" gradually goes the other way in 7–12-year-olds, even if parents often need to offer new foods up to 15 times.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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What supercontinents have existed throughout Earth’s history?
📌 The continents we live on today are moving, and over hundreds of millions of years they get pulled apart and smashed together again. Occasionally, this tectonic plate-fueled process brings most of the world's landmasses together to form a massive supercontinent.
📌 There's no strict definition for a supercontinent, but researchers say it should include around 75% of the available landmass.
Supercontinents are also defined as single connected continents made up of all or most of the land on the surface of Earth.
📌 Recently, thanks to research into the mineral distribution and carbon dating, scientists can piece together what past supercontinents might have looked like, how they formed and how they broke apart.
📌 Scientists believe that new supercontinents are forming and splitting up about every 400 to 500 million years.
📌 Although all models of early Earth’s plate tectonics are very theoretical, researchers can generally agree that there have been a total of seven or eight supercontinents ⬇️ and are relatively sure of at least three (Columbia, Rodinia and Pangaea).
🟤 The first and earliest supercontinent to have existed is Vaalbara that is suspected to have formed 3.6 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Ur formed approximately 3 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Kenorland came together between about 2.72 and 2.45 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Columbia, also called Nuna or Hudsonland, formed about 1.7 billion years ago and broke up approximately 1.5 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Rodinia existed from around 1 billion years ago to 700 million years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Gondwana formed around 530 million years ago and was the largest landmass on Earth for more than 200 million years.
🟤 The supercontinent Pannotia may have briefly existed around 560 million years ago.
🟤 The most recent supercontinent, Pangaea, formed around 320 million years ago and broke up around 175 million years ago.
📌 The first supercontinents may have formed from the same cratons – stable blocks of Earth’s crust that form the center of a continent. These cratons can now be found in different parts of modern continents.
📌 Since subduction and seafloor melt replace plate tectonic material, nearly all of the land that makes up the Earth’s crust is less than 200 million years old, so it is still difficult to find evidence of the supercontinents before Pangaea.
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📌 The continents we live on today are moving, and over hundreds of millions of years they get pulled apart and smashed together again. Occasionally, this tectonic plate-fueled process brings most of the world's landmasses together to form a massive supercontinent.
📌 There's no strict definition for a supercontinent, but researchers say it should include around 75% of the available landmass.
Supercontinents are also defined as single connected continents made up of all or most of the land on the surface of Earth.
📌 Recently, thanks to research into the mineral distribution and carbon dating, scientists can piece together what past supercontinents might have looked like, how they formed and how they broke apart.
📌 Scientists believe that new supercontinents are forming and splitting up about every 400 to 500 million years.
📌 Although all models of early Earth’s plate tectonics are very theoretical, researchers can generally agree that there have been a total of seven or eight supercontinents ⬇️ and are relatively sure of at least three (Columbia, Rodinia and Pangaea).
🟤 The first and earliest supercontinent to have existed is Vaalbara that is suspected to have formed 3.6 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Ur formed approximately 3 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Kenorland came together between about 2.72 and 2.45 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Columbia, also called Nuna or Hudsonland, formed about 1.7 billion years ago and broke up approximately 1.5 billion years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Rodinia existed from around 1 billion years ago to 700 million years ago.
🟤 The supercontinent Gondwana formed around 530 million years ago and was the largest landmass on Earth for more than 200 million years.
🟤 The supercontinent Pannotia may have briefly existed around 560 million years ago.
🟤 The most recent supercontinent, Pangaea, formed around 320 million years ago and broke up around 175 million years ago.
📌 The first supercontinents may have formed from the same cratons – stable blocks of Earth’s crust that form the center of a continent. These cratons can now be found in different parts of modern continents.
📌 Since subduction and seafloor melt replace plate tectonic material, nearly all of the land that makes up the Earth’s crust is less than 200 million years old, so it is still difficult to find evidence of the supercontinents before Pangaea.
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How many continents in the world?
In fact, the answer to this question is unequivocal, and there are 5️⃣ popular models.
7 continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, South America. Most popularly accepted model, commonly…
In fact, the answer to this question is unequivocal, and there are 5️⃣ popular models.
7 continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, South America. Most popularly accepted model, commonly…
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Why was the first supercontinent named Vaalbara?
The earliest and the most theoretical, the supercontinent Vaalbara is postulated to have existed about 3,5 billion years ago, in the early Archean Eon.
The name "Vaalbara" comes from the last four letters in the names of two cratons: the Kaapvaal craton in Southern Africa ⬆️ and the Pilbara craton in Western Australia ⬆️. Paleomagnetic data indicate that about 3.8 billion years ago they were very close to each other.
Containing some of the oldest rock on the surface of the planet, the Kaapvaal and Pilbara cratons also show evidence of four large meteorite impacts between 3.2 and 3.5 billion years ago.
There are three lesser-known cratons in East Antarctica that were probably included in the land mass of Vaalbara.
Geological evidence from the time of Vaalbara indicates that intracrustal melting and recycling must have been a major part of the early days of continent building. The planet must have been hot.
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The earliest and the most theoretical, the supercontinent Vaalbara is postulated to have existed about 3,5 billion years ago, in the early Archean Eon.
The name "Vaalbara" comes from the last four letters in the names of two cratons: the Kaapvaal craton in Southern Africa ⬆️ and the Pilbara craton in Western Australia ⬆️. Paleomagnetic data indicate that about 3.8 billion years ago they were very close to each other.
Containing some of the oldest rock on the surface of the planet, the Kaapvaal and Pilbara cratons also show evidence of four large meteorite impacts between 3.2 and 3.5 billion years ago.
There are three lesser-known cratons in East Antarctica that were probably included in the land mass of Vaalbara.
Geological evidence from the time of Vaalbara indicates that intracrustal melting and recycling must have been a major part of the early days of continent building. The planet must have been hot.
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Where are the largest parts of the supercontinent Ur located today?
The largest parts of the possible supercontinent Ur that survive today are located in India, according to experts. This photo ⬆️ shows rock from eastern India, laid down during the Archean Eon. That rock is on the edge of the Eparchean Unconformity, a zone that shows a major time gap between the rock on one side and the rock on the other (a similar unconformity is found in the basement rock of the Grand Canyon).
The specifics of Ur are also very theoretical, and despite its supercontinent status, the land mass would have been smaller than modern-day Australia. This is how Ur could look like ⬆️.
This supercontinent is called Ur from the German prefix “ur” which means “original”, “fountainhead”.
Scientists believe that Ur formed from the same cratons as Vaalbara. So areas of Ur are also parts of Australia and Africa (Madagascar). But it is not believed that Ur is not a continuation of Vaalbara nor a successor.
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The largest parts of the possible supercontinent Ur that survive today are located in India, according to experts. This photo ⬆️ shows rock from eastern India, laid down during the Archean Eon. That rock is on the edge of the Eparchean Unconformity, a zone that shows a major time gap between the rock on one side and the rock on the other (a similar unconformity is found in the basement rock of the Grand Canyon).
The specifics of Ur are also very theoretical, and despite its supercontinent status, the land mass would have been smaller than modern-day Australia. This is how Ur could look like ⬆️.
This supercontinent is called Ur from the German prefix “ur” which means “original”, “fountainhead”.
Scientists believe that Ur formed from the same cratons as Vaalbara. So areas of Ur are also parts of Australia and Africa (Madagascar). But it is not believed that Ur is not a continuation of Vaalbara nor a successor.
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At the time of which supercontinent could the first eukaryotes emerge?
The first eukaryotic organisms could emerge in the world’s oceans at the time of the supercontinent Kenorland, researchers suggest.
This supercontinent was formed in the Neoarchean era.
The name was given in accordance with the Kenoran orogeny – a Proterozoic phase of mountain building affecting the shield area in what is now the Lake Superior region of Canada.
Kenorland formed after the merger of several cratons (including Kaapvaal and Pilbara). The core of it came together around the junction of the Laurentia, Baltica, Western Australia and Kalaharia cratons and most of the Nena craton.
It is believed that Kenorland was only in the law latitudes.
⬆️ This is how this supercontinent could look like, marked continents and cratons being parts of it.
As Kenorland split apart, geologic events and the rise of oxygen-producing, single-celled life created the conditions for the Earth’s first glaciers.
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The first eukaryotic organisms could emerge in the world’s oceans at the time of the supercontinent Kenorland, researchers suggest.
This supercontinent was formed in the Neoarchean era.
The name was given in accordance with the Kenoran orogeny – a Proterozoic phase of mountain building affecting the shield area in what is now the Lake Superior region of Canada.
Kenorland formed after the merger of several cratons (including Kaapvaal and Pilbara). The core of it came together around the junction of the Laurentia, Baltica, Western Australia and Kalaharia cratons and most of the Nena craton.
It is believed that Kenorland was only in the law latitudes.
⬆️ This is how this supercontinent could look like, marked continents and cratons being parts of it.
As Kenorland split apart, geologic events and the rise of oxygen-producing, single-celled life created the conditions for the Earth’s first glaciers.
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How big was the supercontinent Columbia?
At peak accumulation, about 1.8 billion years ago, virtually all of Earth's land mass was joined to the supercontinent Columbia creating a surface estimated to have been about 12,900 km from North to South and about 4,800 km in its widest part from West to East.
It is named "Columbia" because scientists posited that the landmass connected what is now eastern India with the Columbia basalts region in what is now North America.
These are two images how this supercontinent could look like ⬆️.
Scientists believe that once sutured together, Columbia was long-lived, existing for more than 500 million years.
The landmass of this supercontinent began to fragment around 1.6 billion years ago because of increased magma plume activity in the Earth's mantle. The breakup was slow and could last from 1.6 to 1.2 billion years ago.
According to researchers, during the time of Columbia, the first plants colonized land in the form of red algae.
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At peak accumulation, about 1.8 billion years ago, virtually all of Earth's land mass was joined to the supercontinent Columbia creating a surface estimated to have been about 12,900 km from North to South and about 4,800 km in its widest part from West to East.
It is named "Columbia" because scientists posited that the landmass connected what is now eastern India with the Columbia basalts region in what is now North America.
These are two images how this supercontinent could look like ⬆️.
Scientists believe that once sutured together, Columbia was long-lived, existing for more than 500 million years.
The landmass of this supercontinent began to fragment around 1.6 billion years ago because of increased magma plume activity in the Earth's mantle. The breakup was slow and could last from 1.6 to 1.2 billion years ago.
According to researchers, during the time of Columbia, the first plants colonized land in the form of red algae.
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Why was one of the supercontinents called Rodinia and what modern continent was likely the core of it?
The giant land formation after Columbia was called Rodinia from the Russian “родина” (“rodina” means “motherland”) or “родить” (“rodit” means “to give birth”).
The ocean of that time — Mirovia comes also from the Russian word “мир” (“mir” means “world”) or “мировой” (“mirovoi” means “worldwide”, “global”).
Researchers don't know exactly how big Rodinia was, but North America was likely the core of it.
This is how Rodinia could look like from the South Pole ⬆️.
According to scientists, during Rodinia’s existence, the first multicellular organisms began to appear in oceans around the world.
Some researchers also believe that the theory of “Snowball Earth” refers to the period the breakup of this supercontinent.
ℹ️ The Snowball Earth is a geohistorical hypothesis that in the distant past ice smothered the entire planet, from the poles to the equator at least twice.
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The giant land formation after Columbia was called Rodinia from the Russian “родина” (“rodina” means “motherland”) or “родить” (“rodit” means “to give birth”).
The ocean of that time — Mirovia comes also from the Russian word “мир” (“mir” means “world”) or “мировой” (“mirovoi” means “worldwide”, “global”).
Researchers don't know exactly how big Rodinia was, but North America was likely the core of it.
This is how Rodinia could look like from the South Pole ⬆️.
According to scientists, during Rodinia’s existence, the first multicellular organisms began to appear in oceans around the world.
Some researchers also believe that the theory of “Snowball Earth” refers to the period the breakup of this supercontinent.
ℹ️ The Snowball Earth is a geohistorical hypothesis that in the distant past ice smothered the entire planet, from the poles to the equator at least twice.
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Which of the possible supercontinents was the most short-lived?
The supercontinent Pannotia was formed about 650 mln years ago and lasted until 540 mln years ago. So, Pannotia could be the most short-lived of all possible supercontinents.
The jury is still out on whether Pannotia can rightfully be called a supercontinent.
According to researchers, Africa could be at the center of Pannotia, surrounded by other landmasses the time. This happened because Pannotia was formed by the subduction of exterior oceans (which pulled Rodinia apart and pushed Pannotia together).
This is how Pannotia could look like from the South Pole ⬆️.
During the existence of Pannotia there were two proto-oceans — Panthalassa and the Pan-African ocean, and this supercontinent broke apart with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean.
Since the major part of the land in those days was just near the poles, it is believed that the glaciations reached its peak just about 600 mln years ago.
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The supercontinent Pannotia was formed about 650 mln years ago and lasted until 540 mln years ago. So, Pannotia could be the most short-lived of all possible supercontinents.
The jury is still out on whether Pannotia can rightfully be called a supercontinent.
According to researchers, Africa could be at the center of Pannotia, surrounded by other landmasses the time. This happened because Pannotia was formed by the subduction of exterior oceans (which pulled Rodinia apart and pushed Pannotia together).
This is how Pannotia could look like from the South Pole ⬆️.
During the existence of Pannotia there were two proto-oceans — Panthalassa and the Pan-African ocean, and this supercontinent broke apart with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean.
Since the major part of the land in those days was just near the poles, it is believed that the glaciations reached its peak just about 600 mln years ago.
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What was the most recent all-in-one supercontinent?
The most recent and certainly the best known supercontinent is Pangaea.
The name "Pangaea'' comes from Ancient Greek words meaning "all Earth."
This is how Pangaea could look like ⬆️.
According to scientists, after Columbia, Rodinia and Pannotia, Pangaea was one of four all-in-one supercontinents that included all of Earth’s landmasses at their time.
Pangaea existed in the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic when the dinosaurs arose.
Pangaea split when the Central Atlantic Ocean opened.
It was the progenitor of today's continents, and many of today’s mountain ranges were formed at the time of collision of continents and lithospheric plates.
However, today researchers believe that Pangaea never included all of Earth's landmasses. For example, modern-day north and south China were independent islands separated to the east of Pangaea around 359-299 million years ago.
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The most recent and certainly the best known supercontinent is Pangaea.
The name "Pangaea'' comes from Ancient Greek words meaning "all Earth."
This is how Pangaea could look like ⬆️.
According to scientists, after Columbia, Rodinia and Pannotia, Pangaea was one of four all-in-one supercontinents that included all of Earth’s landmasses at their time.
Pangaea existed in the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic when the dinosaurs arose.
Pangaea split when the Central Atlantic Ocean opened.
It was the progenitor of today's continents, and many of today’s mountain ranges were formed at the time of collision of continents and lithospheric plates.
However, today researchers believe that Pangaea never included all of Earth's landmasses. For example, modern-day north and south China were independent islands separated to the east of Pangaea around 359-299 million years ago.
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Which supercontinent emerged twice?
Gondwana is a supercontinent that emerged twice in the geological history of Earth.
The Early Gondwana (pre-Pangea) existed around 550-330 mya, and, together with Baltica, Siberia and Laurentia, was one of four landmasses that broke away from Pannotia.
⬆️ It was then the largest landmass on Earth, bringing together about 64% of the planet's landmass, but some geologists still don’t consider it a supercontinent.
The Early Gondwana’s assembly created the first massive mountain range on Earth as high as the Himalayas. Remnants of these mountains are found in Brazil and northern Africa.
The Late Gondwana (post-Pangea) emerged about 175 mya ago as the Southern part of Pangaea ⬆️ (the Northern part was Laurasia) and broke up about 150-140 mya.
It was then characterized by a tropical climate, a wide variety of flora and fauna, and a significant tectonic activity.
Today, the remnants of the Late Gondwana can be found in the southern hemisphere.
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Gondwana is a supercontinent that emerged twice in the geological history of Earth.
The Early Gondwana (pre-Pangea) existed around 550-330 mya, and, together with Baltica, Siberia and Laurentia, was one of four landmasses that broke away from Pannotia.
⬆️ It was then the largest landmass on Earth, bringing together about 64% of the planet's landmass, but some geologists still don’t consider it a supercontinent.
The Early Gondwana’s assembly created the first massive mountain range on Earth as high as the Himalayas. Remnants of these mountains are found in Brazil and northern Africa.
The Late Gondwana (post-Pangea) emerged about 175 mya ago as the Southern part of Pangaea ⬆️ (the Northern part was Laurasia) and broke up about 150-140 mya.
It was then characterized by a tropical climate, a wide variety of flora and fauna, and a significant tectonic activity.
Today, the remnants of the Late Gondwana can be found in the southern hemisphere.
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Who proposed the concept of supercontinents and what is the theory of continental drift?
Geophysicist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) ⬆️ first proposed the concept of supercontinents in 1912.
Wegener noticed that the shorelines of Africa and South America seemingly fit together like giant jigsaw puzzle pieces and therefore was convinced that all of Earth’s continents were once part of a supercontinent Pangaea.
Wegener suggested that the continental landmasses were “drifting” across the Earth.
Fossils of similar organisms across widely disparate continents ⬆️ encouraged his revolutionary theory of continental drift.
But Wegener could not explain the mechanism for how his theory works and thought that perhaps the rotation of the Earth caused the continents to shift towards and apart from each other. (It doesn't.)
Wegener’s theory was rejected for decades until scientists finally confirmed some of his ideas with the modern theory of plate tectonics.
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Geophysicist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) ⬆️ first proposed the concept of supercontinents in 1912.
Wegener noticed that the shorelines of Africa and South America seemingly fit together like giant jigsaw puzzle pieces and therefore was convinced that all of Earth’s continents were once part of a supercontinent Pangaea.
Wegener suggested that the continental landmasses were “drifting” across the Earth.
Fossils of similar organisms across widely disparate continents ⬆️ encouraged his revolutionary theory of continental drift.
But Wegener could not explain the mechanism for how his theory works and thought that perhaps the rotation of the Earth caused the continents to shift towards and apart from each other. (It doesn't.)
Wegener’s theory was rejected for decades until scientists finally confirmed some of his ideas with the modern theory of plate tectonics.
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What is the theory of land bridges between continents?
Before Alfred Wegener, other scientists also tried to unravel mysteries of Earth’s geology.
In the mid-1800s an Austrian geologist Eduard Suess (1831-1914) tried to solve how mountain ranges form and was tipped off by similar fern fossils found in South America, India and Africa.
Suess developed a theory of sea level rise and regression over time that would have linked together the southern hemisphere continents with land bridges.
This theory is only partially correct because there are land bridges on Earth, e.g. the Bering land bridge between Russian Siberia and American Alaska, but there isn't one between South America, Africa, and India, the ocean depths in those areas being too deep to support the land bridge idea of Suess.
Nevertheless, Suess first hypothesized the existence of a supercontinent Gondwana or Gondwanaland, which name he got from the Gondwana region of central India, and the Tethys Ocean.
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Before Alfred Wegener, other scientists also tried to unravel mysteries of Earth’s geology.
In the mid-1800s an Austrian geologist Eduard Suess (1831-1914) tried to solve how mountain ranges form and was tipped off by similar fern fossils found in South America, India and Africa.
Suess developed a theory of sea level rise and regression over time that would have linked together the southern hemisphere continents with land bridges.
This theory is only partially correct because there are land bridges on Earth, e.g. the Bering land bridge between Russian Siberia and American Alaska, but there isn't one between South America, Africa, and India, the ocean depths in those areas being too deep to support the land bridge idea of Suess.
Nevertheless, Suess first hypothesized the existence of a supercontinent Gondwana or Gondwanaland, which name he got from the Gondwana region of central India, and the Tethys Ocean.
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When and what would be the next supercontinent?
Scientists believe that supercontinents form on a cycle every several hundred million years or so, and we should expect another one in 200-250 million years.
There are currently 4️⃣ theories/models on the subject, shown at the video ⬆️.
Novopangaea (the antipodes of Pangea): if the Atlantic keeps opening and the Pacific keeps closing, the Americas would collide with the northward drifting Antarctica, and then into the already collided Africa-Eurasia.
Pangea Proxima: with the Atlantic Ocean closing, the Americas, Europe and Africa are brought back together and would be surrounded by a super Pacific Ocean.
Amasia: all the continents, except Antarctica, keep drifting north and and merge as the Arctic Ocean closes.
Aurica: if both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are closing, the European and African plates would then rejoin the Americas.
ℹ️According to some experts, Novopangaea is the most likely future supercontinent.
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Scientists believe that supercontinents form on a cycle every several hundred million years or so, and we should expect another one in 200-250 million years.
There are currently 4️⃣ theories/models on the subject, shown at the video ⬆️.
Novopangaea (the antipodes of Pangea): if the Atlantic keeps opening and the Pacific keeps closing, the Americas would collide with the northward drifting Antarctica, and then into the already collided Africa-Eurasia.
Pangea Proxima: with the Atlantic Ocean closing, the Americas, Europe and Africa are brought back together and would be surrounded by a super Pacific Ocean.
Amasia: all the continents, except Antarctica, keep drifting north and and merge as the Arctic Ocean closes.
Aurica: if both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are closing, the European and African plates would then rejoin the Americas.
ℹ️According to some experts, Novopangaea is the most likely future supercontinent.
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Why is July 23 important for whales and dolphins?
🐳🐬 23 July is World Whale and Dolphin Day.
This date was chosen in 1986 by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) because on July 23, 1982, for the first time, a total ban on commercial whaling was declared.
Today, this day still raises awareness about the issues facing these beautiful marine mammals.
This decision of the IWC has been successful. The killing of whales has declined precipitously; more than 2 million whales were killed in the century before the moratorium, a small fraction of that since. The reduced hunting pressure has allowed stocks of most whale species to rebound. E.g., since 1986, the western South Atlantic stock of humpback whales, has increased from 1,000 to nearly 25,000.
Except Japan, Iceland and Norway, most countries respect the commercial whaling moratorium. However, the ban on commercial whaling still allows whale harvest by aboriginal peoples in Alaska, Canada and Russia.
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🐳🐬 23 July is World Whale and Dolphin Day.
This date was chosen in 1986 by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) because on July 23, 1982, for the first time, a total ban on commercial whaling was declared.
Today, this day still raises awareness about the issues facing these beautiful marine mammals.
This decision of the IWC has been successful. The killing of whales has declined precipitously; more than 2 million whales were killed in the century before the moratorium, a small fraction of that since. The reduced hunting pressure has allowed stocks of most whale species to rebound. E.g., since 1986, the western South Atlantic stock of humpback whales, has increased from 1,000 to nearly 25,000.
Except Japan, Iceland and Norway, most countries respect the commercial whaling moratorium. However, the ban on commercial whaling still allows whale harvest by aboriginal peoples in Alaska, Canada and Russia.
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