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Advt 03/2023

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a process in which coal is converted into product gas while still in the coal seam. Here are some points related to UCG:

Process Type:
- UCG is an in-situ gasification process that takes place in non-mined coal seams using injection of oxidants and steam.

History:
- The earliest recorded mention of the UCG was in 1868 by Sir William Siemens.
- Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev developed the idea further over the next couple of decades.

Product Gases:
- The predominant product gases are methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
- Ratios of the gases vary depending upon formation pressure, depth of coal and oxidant balance.

Economics:
- UCG allows access to coal resources that are not economically recoverable by other technologies.
- UCG capital and operating costs are lower than those for traditional mining.

Here are some key facts about India's first-ever pilot project for underground coal gasification:

- The Ministry of Coal has launched the project in the Kasta coal block in Jharkhand's Jamtara District.
- The project is managed by Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL) in partnership with the Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) in Ranchi and Ergo Exergy Technologies Inc. (EETI) from Canada.
- The project aims to convert coal into valuable gases like methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide through in-situ gasification.
- These gases can be used to produce synthetic natural gas, chemical feedstocks for fuels, fertilizers and explosives.
- The project is expected to open up new opportunities for India's energy sector, demonstrating the efficient and sustainable use of the country's coal resources.
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Places in News, Pantanal

Here are some facts about the wildfires in Pantanal:
- Unusually intense and early blazes spread over Brazil’s Pantanal wetlands in late May and early June 2024.
- The fires have been exacerbated by the region's drought, which has affected the region's vegetation.
- The Pantanal is a mosaic of lakes, flooded grasslands, shrublands, and forests that covers an area as large as West Virginia.
- The fire season in southern Brazil usually starts in July and peaks in August and September.
- Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) detected 549 active fires as of June 11, the highest number of fire detections in any June since records began in 1998.
- Over 3,500 square kilometers (1350 square miles) of the Pantanal have burned so far in 2024.
- The 2023–2024 El Niño brought drier and hotter conditions to the Pantanal and nearby Amazon rainforest.
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भारतीय न्याय संहिता

1st FIR Lodged.

The current chief of the Intelligence Bureau of India is Tapan Kumar Deka, who took office on July 1, 2022. Here are some of his achievements:
- Led the counter-attacks during the 26/11 Mumbai attack
- Led the investigation of the 26/11 Mumbai attack
- Led the investigation of the 2008 Assam bombings
- Handled the protests during the Citizenship Amendment Act in Assam
- Led the investigation of the Pathankot air base attack
- Led the investigation of the Pulwama attack
- He is the brain behind the arrest of Yasin Bhatkal, founder of Indian Mujahideen (IM), from Nepal
- He is believed to be the key official behind the surgical strike in Balakot, Pakistan
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Shah clarifies 1st FIR under new criminal law was filed in MP over vehicle theft

On media reports that first case under the new  Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, was filed in Delhi against a street vendor, Home Minister Amit Shah clarified that the first FIR was filed in Madhya Pradesh's Gwalior. "The case was registered at 12.10 am...It was a case of theft, someone's motorcycle was stolen," he said. Shah said vendor's case was dismissed.
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News By: Shalini ojha
04:05 pm Monday, 01 July, 2024

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