10 Major Judgements

1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
- Significance: Established the Basic Structure Doctrine, which holds that the Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the Constitution.

2. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
- Significance: Expanded the interpretation of Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty), emphasizing that any law affecting this right must be just, fair, and reasonable.

3. Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (1980)
- Significance: Reinforced the Basic Structure Doctrine and ruled that the power of judicial review is part of the basic structure of the Constitution.

4. S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)
- Significance: Provided clarity on the imposition of President's Rule under Article 356 and set guidelines for its proper application, emphasizing federalism and the importance of state autonomy.

5. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997)
- Significance: Laid down guidelines to prevent sexual harassment at the workplace, known as the Vishaka Guidelines, until suitable legislation is enacted.

6. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992)
- Significance: Upheld the implementation of the Mandal Commission recommendations for OBC reservations and introduced the concept of the "creamy layer" in reservations.

7. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)
- Significance: Decriminalized consensual homosexual acts between adults, striking down parts of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code.

8. Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2017)
- Significance: Recognized the Right to Privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution.

9. Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017)
- Significance: Declared the practice of instant triple talaq (talaq-e-biddat) unconstitutional.

10. I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007)
- Significance: Held that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after the Kesavananda Bharati judgment are subject to judicial review if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution.
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Final Results: For the post of Police Sub-Inspector in Bihar Police under Home (Police) Dept., Govt. of Bihar.
(Advt. No. 02/2023)
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BPSC Preliminary Syllabus
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BPSC 68th Mains Exam pattern

Format of Model Question Papers for GS-I, GS-II and Essay Papers.
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World Population Day is a day observed on July 11 annually that aims to raise awareness about global population issues and educate people about family planning, gender equality, and reproductive health. Here are some key points about World Population Day:

- The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) established World Population Day in 1989.
- The theme for World Population Day 2024 is "To Leave No One Behind, Count Everyone".
- The event was established as the world population reached the 5 billion mark.
- Focus areas: Family planning, gender equality, reproductive health.
- The day was first marked on July 11, 1990, in more than 90 countries.
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Bihar's 1st Trans SI Madhu Kashyap.
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