#Transportation #Bitumen
RT 1 :- for surface painting under exceptionally cold weather conditions and on hill roads. @civilenggpdf

RT 2 :- standard surface painting under normal Indian climatic condition. @civilenggpdf

RT 3 :- surface paintings,renewal coats,premixing chips for top course. @civilenggpdf

RT 4 :- premixing tar macadam in base course. @civilenggpdf

RT 5 :- for grouting.
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Bent up bars: Are the main reinforcements bent at a suitable angle to act as shear reinforcements.
Reinforcements are bent up to the supports/ends where greater compressive force occurs.

Bars Are Bend Near At Support To:

1- To resist shear force .
2-To resist (NBM) adjacent at supports.
3- To increment the strenth of RCC in  slab.
4- Bent Up bar can abate the amount of steel.
5- Bent up bars in slab is more strong form normal slab.
6- Bent up bars sufficiently increase the deformation capacityof slabs as compared to those not having bars bent.
7- By extending bars up to supports, we can also lower the risk of brittle failure due to higher compressive stresses causing the structure to collapse.
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#RCC
🌟Some Note Points of RCC:-

💡IS 456:2000 is not applicable to grade above M-60
(Amendment no. 4 May 2013)

💡IS 456:2000 recommends minimum grade as M20 for RCC.

💡Partial Safety Factor for Concrete (i.e 1.5) is more than that of Steel (1.15) because the control on Quality of Concrete is not good as that of Steel.

💡Deflection can be reduced by providing more Tensile Steel than required for Flexure,the service stress in steel is reduced & Hence the Deflection.

💡Shrinkage Deflection in case of Rectangular Beams & Slabs can be eliminated by putting Compression Steel equal to Tension Steel.

💡Negative moment in Reinforced concrete beams at the location of support is generally much higher than positive span moment.This is Primarily due to Curvature at the Support being very high....

💡If beam is Over-Reinforced,
the beam will not have Ductile Failure.
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Civil Engineering MCQ's @civilconstructions
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Civil Engineering MCQ's @civilconstructions
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❇️Consolidation:-
✨It is Expulsion of Water...

✨It is process in which reduction in volume takes places by expulsion of water under long term static loads.

✨It is useful in finding the settlement of Structures.

❇️Compaction:-
✨It is Expulsion of Air.

❇️Swelling:-
It is Increase in Volume

❇️Permeability:-
Property of Soil to transmit water & air.

❇️Compressibility:-
Capability of a Soil to decrease in volume when subjected to mechanical load.

❇️Shear Strength:-
Property useful in estimating the bearing capacity of foundations...

The Shear Strength of the soil is Maximum shear stress it can sustain.

⭐️For IMP. Points for various Exams
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🔰Surveying Instruments:-

⭐️Various types of Chains:-
(Used for measuring distances on Fairly Level Ground)

❇️ Revenue Chain
Or Cadastral Chain:-
✨Used for Cadastral Survey.
✨33 ft long.
✨16 links.
✨Each link of 2.06 ft.

❇️ Gunter's Chain:-
66 ft long
100 links
Each link of 0.66 ft

❇️Engineer's Chain:-
✨100 ft long
✨100 links
✨Each link of 1 ft

❇️Metric Chain:-
20 m Chain
✨100 links
✨Each link of 20 cm
✨Brass Ring at every 1 meter
✨Tally at every 5 meter

30 m Chain
✨150 link
✨Each link of 20 cm
✨Brass Ring at every 1 meter
✨Tally at every 5 meter

⭐️Various types of Tapes:-
❇️Metallic Tape:-
✨15m,20m,30m.
✨Used for all Survey Works.

❇️Steel Tape:-
✨10m,15m,20m,30m,50m
✨Used for Standardizing Chains & for meas. in Construction works.

❇️Invar Tape:-
✨Alloy of Steel(64%) &
Nickel(36%)
✨Generally used in Meas. of Base line,Triangulation Survey by Survey of India Dept.
✨It have Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion.

⭐️Arrows/Chaining Pins:-
✨400 mm length,50 mm dia.
✨Used for Counting no.of Chains or Used to mark end of each chain.

⭐️Pegs:-
Used to mark definite points on ground temporarily or semi-temporarily.

⭐️Ranging Rod/Flag Poles/Lining Rods:-
✨Used for Ranging a line.
✨Length 2m,3m,
✨G.I Pipes:-25mm dia.
✨Direct Ranging:-
(3 Ranging Rods reqd.)
✨Indirect Ranging:-
(4 Ranging Rods reqd.)

❇️IMP. For Exams
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Soil Mechanics and Foundation MCQ's
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Soil Mechanics and Foundation MCQ's
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