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The detailed explanation for the question is available in the link below
https://www.clearias.com/ocean-currents/
The detailed explanation for the question is available in the link below
https://www.clearias.com/ocean-currents/
ClearIAS
Ocean Currents – Shortcut method by to learn faster
Here is a shortcut method to remember all the names, location and type (warm or cold) of all major ocean currents. Learn smart; learn faster.
Bengaluru-based Astrobase Space Technologies has unveiled “Everest,” an 80-tonne-class, 800 kN Full-Flow Staged Combustion (FFSC) rocket engine, developed and manufactured in India. The engine uses liquid oxygen (LOX) and methane as propellants and is designed with reusability in mind.
The FFSC cycle is among the most advanced rocket propulsion technologies, offering high efficiency and making it well suited for reusable launch vehicles. Astrobase plans to use the engine for a reusable two-stage orbital launch vehicle capable of carrying multi-tonne payloads to Low Earth Orbit.
The company has already conducted sub-scale hot-fire testing and turbopump trials, while full-scale engine testing is the next major milestone. Astrobase is also developing a 21.5-acre testing facility in Andhra Pradesh, strengthening India's private rocket-engine testing infrastructure.
The FFSC cycle is among the most advanced rocket propulsion technologies, offering high efficiency and making it well suited for reusable launch vehicles. Astrobase plans to use the engine for a reusable two-stage orbital launch vehicle capable of carrying multi-tonne payloads to Low Earth Orbit.
The company has already conducted sub-scale hot-fire testing and turbopump trials, while full-scale engine testing is the next major milestone. Astrobase is also developing a 21.5-acre testing facility in Andhra Pradesh, strengthening India's private rocket-engine testing infrastructure.
On 7 August 2026, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan signed the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, committing to stronger military cooperation and collective deterrence.
A key provision treats an armed attack on one member as an attack on all three, creating a NATO-like mutual defence framework.
For India, the development is significant because Pakistan's deeper strategic integration with Saudi Arabia and Türkiye could strengthen Islamabad's diplomatic and defence position. At the same time, India's strong strategic and economic relations with Saudi Arabia provide an important counterbalance. The development also reinforces the need for India to maintain strategic autonomy, strong Gulf partnerships and close monitoring of Pakistan–Türkiye defence cooperation.
A key provision treats an armed attack on one member as an attack on all three, creating a NATO-like mutual defence framework.
For India, the development is significant because Pakistan's deeper strategic integration with Saudi Arabia and Türkiye could strengthen Islamabad's diplomatic and defence position. At the same time, India's strong strategic and economic relations with Saudi Arabia provide an important counterbalance. The development also reinforces the need for India to maintain strategic autonomy, strong Gulf partnerships and close monitoring of Pakistan–Türkiye defence cooperation.
The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026, passed by the Rajya Sabha, seeks to establish a National Tribunals Commission (NTC) to oversee India’s national tribunals.
A tribunal is a specialised quasi-judicial body that handles specific disputes, such as administrative matters, company law, taxation, environmental issues and armed forces cases.
The proposed NTC will oversee appointments, administration, performance monitoring, complaints and infrastructure of tribunals. It aims to reduce the influence of individual government ministries and strengthen judicial independence and efficiency.
A tribunal is a specialised quasi-judicial body that handles specific disputes, such as administrative matters, company law, taxation, environmental issues and armed forces cases.
The proposed NTC will oversee appointments, administration, performance monitoring, complaints and infrastructure of tribunals. It aims to reduce the influence of individual government ministries and strengthen judicial independence and efficiency.