Today's Interview QnAs
Company - Numerator
Role - Data Analyst

1.How to share Power BI dashboards?

Power BI reports/dashboards can be shared in multiple ways. If you and your end-users have a Power BI Pro license, then-

-We are using the share option in reports and dashboards :This option enables access to a report or dashboard to individual users.

-Using content packs :Publish your report/dashboard along with the data set as a content pack and then share it with either a group or individual or open it for the entire organization.

-Publish your dashboards and reports into App Workspace and share the App link to a group or individual or open it for the entire organization. When publishing as App- we can select the reports and datasets that we want to be included in the App.

-The report can be embedded into Web or SharePoint, for which we need the embed code. This embed code is added to the website code or the SharePoint code.

Another way to share the reports is by printing or exporting the report as PPT or PDF. With these options, we can share the report, but they are not interactive.


2. What is Lock Aspect in Power BI?

Lock Aspect is basically used to lock the proportion of a visual when you try to drag through the corners to resize it. So, for example, if you create a visualization chart & turn the Lock Aspect on – and then try to resize it with the help of your mouse, it won’t change, and it keeps proportions the same as earlier.

You can find the lock aspect in the Format Tab in the Visualization pane.


3. How to delete duplicate rows in excel?

Select the range of cells you want to remove duplicates from.
Go to the Data tab and select the Data Tools group.
Click Remove Duplicates.
Under columns, select one or more columns that contain duplicates.
Click ok to continue.


4. How to protect an excel sheet?

Select the worksheet you want to protect.
Navigate to the Review tab and click Protect Sheet.
A dialog box will open with the “Allow all users of this worksheet to” list.
Check “Protect worksheet and contents of locked cells.”
Check the options you want, such as “Select locked cells.”
Click OK to continue.

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company - Accenture

Role- Data Analyst


1.What is the extension of the saved file in ms excel?

Microsoft Excel saved file has a .xls extension. The XLS-based extension has been used as the default format for Microsoft Excel 1997-2003. Files saved in the .xlsx extension are associated with Microsoft Excel 2007-10.


2.How to calculate EMI in excel?

EMI can be calculated in Excel using the simple formula –

“PMT (rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])”

Where PMT – Payment;

Rate – the interest rate on the EMI;

Nper – total number of EMIs paid;

Pv – Present value or outstanding amount;

Fv (optional) – Future value or Cash balance;

Type (optional) – when payment is due. The default value is 0.


3. What is DAX?

Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is a scripting language that is used to create calculated columns, measurements, and custom tables in Microsoft Power BI. It is a set of functions, operators, and constants that may be used to compute and return one or more values using a formula, or expression. You may utilise DAX to handle a variety of computations and data analysis challenges, allowing you to generate new data from existing data in your model.


4. How to connect JIRA to Power BI?

We connect to JIRA using JIRA content packs and JIRA Rest API. There are a few steps involved.

In order to connect JIRA to Power BI, we need an API token that can be generated from the Atlassian link.
Next, we download and install the Jira content pack. Then the API token is added to the Jira content pack.
Once the connection is set, it automatically creates a workspace with a dashboard and a set of reports to visually analyze the data.

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Company- Musigma
Role- ML Engineer

1. Differentiate between univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.

Univariate data, as the name suggests, contains only one variable. The univariate analysis describes the data and finds patterns that exist within it.

Bivariate data contains two different variables. The bivariate analysis deals with causes, relationships and analysis between those two variables.

Multivariate analysis involves analyzing multiple variables (more than two) to identify any possible association among them


2. What is dimensionality reduction? What are its benefits?

Dimensionality reduction is defined as the process of converting a data set with vast dimensions into data with lesser dimensions — in order to convey similar information concisely.

This method is mainly beneficial in compressing data and reducing storage space. It is also useful in reducing computation time due to fewer dimensions. Finally, it helps remove redundant features — for instance, storing a value in two different units (meters and inches) is avoided.

In short, dimensionality reduction is the process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration, by obtaining a set of principal variables. It can be divided into feature selection and feature extraction.


3. What is a ROC Curve? Explain how a ROC Curve works?

Ans. AUC – ROC curve is a performance measurement for the classification problem at various thresholds settings. ROC is a probability curve and AUC represents the degree or measure of separability. It tells how much model is capable of distinguishing between classes. Higher the AUC, better the model is at predicting 0s as 0s and 1s as 1s.


4. What are the various steps involved in an analytics project?

The steps involved in a text analytics project are:

-Data collection
-Data cleansing
-Data pre-processing
-Creation of train test and validation sets
-Model creation
-Hyperparameter tuning
-Model deployment

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Today's Interview QnA

Company Name - Cloudera

Role: Data Scientist


1. What are the assumptions required for linear regression? What if some of these assumptions are violated?

The assumptions are as follows:

The sample data used to fit the model is representative of the population

The relationship between X and the mean of Y is linear

The variance of the residual is the same for any value of X (homoscedasticity)

Observations are independent of each other

For any value of X, Y is normally distributed.


Extreme violations of these assumptions will make the results redundant. Small violations of these assumptions will result in a greater bias or variance of the estimate.


2.What is multicollinearity and how to remove it?

Multicollinearity exists when an independent variable is highly correlated with another independent variable in a multiple regression equation. This can be problematic because it undermines the statistical significance of an independent variable.
You could use the Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) to determine if there is any multicollinearity between independent variables — a standard benchmark is that if the VIF is greater than 5 then multicollinearity exists.


3. What is overfitting and how to prevent it?

Overfitting is an error where the model ‘fits’ the data too well, resulting in a model with high variance and low bias. As a consequence, an overfit model will inaccurately predict new data points even though it has a high accuracy on the training data.

Few approaches to prevent overfitting are:

- Cross-Validation:Cross-validation is a powerful preventative measure against overfitting. Here we use our initial training data to generate multiple mini train-test splits. Now we use these splits to tune our model.

- Train with more data: It won’t work every time, but training with more data can help algorithms detect the signal better or it can help my model to understand general trends in particular.

- We can remove irrelevant information or the noise from our dataset.

- Early Stopping: When you’re training a learning algorithm iteratively, you can measure how well each iteration of the model performs.

Up until a certain number of iterations, new iterations improve the model. After that point, however, the model’s ability to generalize can weaken as it begins to overfit the training data.

Early stopping refers stopping the training process before the learner passes that point.

- Regularization: It refers to a broad range of techniques for artificially forcing your model to be simpler. There are mainly 3 types of Regularization techniques:L1, L2,&,Elastic- net.

- Ensembling : Here we take number of learners and using these we get strong model. They are of two types : Bagging and Boosting.


4. Given two fair dices, what is the probability of getting scores that sum to 4 and 8?

There are 4 combinations of rolling a 4 (1+3, 3+1, 2+2):
P(rolling a 4) = 3/36 = 1/12

There are 5 combinations of rolling an 8 (2+6, 6+2, 3+5, 5+3, 4+4):
P(rolling an 8) = 5/36

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company -Splunk

Role- ML Engineer


1.How should you maintain a deployed model?

A deployed model needs to be retrained after a while so as to improve the performance of the model. Since deployment, a track should be kept of the predictions made by the model and the truth values. Later this can be used to retrain the model with the new data. Also, root cause analysis for wrong predictions should be done.

2.What is the difference between append() and extend() methods?

append() is used to add items to list. extend() uses an iterator to iterate over its argument and adds each element in the argument to the list and extends it.

3.What is skewed Distribution & uniform distribution?

The skewed distribution is a distribution in which the majority of the data points lie to the right or left of the centre. A uniform distribution is a probability distribution in which all outcomes are equally likely.

4.What are lambda functions?

A lambda function is a small anonymous function. A lambda function can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company - Idexcel

Role- Data Analyst


1.How to round off in excel?

You can use the ROUNDUP function to round off in Excel. Here is how –

Select a blank cell.
Use the ROUND function by entering the syntax – “=ROUNDUP(number,num_digits).
Where number denotes the number to round up and num_digits refers to a number of digits to which it should be rounded up.

Press Return.
Using the button, you can round off in Excel by following these steps –

Select the cells you want to round off.
Go to the Home tab, click Increase Decimal or Decrease Decimal.
Press Enter.


2.How to compare two columns in excel?

You can compare two columns in Excel using the simple IF formula. The syntax to be used is – “=IF(A2=B2,”Match,” Mismatch”)

If the values to be compared are case-sensitive, use these following formula –

=IF(EXACT(A2,B2),”Match”,”Mismatch”)


3.How to add logo in tableau dashboard?

In the objects pane in dashboard there is an option to import image. Make sure that you have selected the floating type instead of by default tiled option. Drag and drop image object to dashboard and then select the logo from your system saved in .jpg, .png or .jpeg format. To use it as a background user can use the small drop down option on the right side of the image and select send to back and then increase the size of image so as to make it as a watermark logo.


4.Which two cross filter directions are available in Power BI table relationships?

When a relationship is created between two different tables in Power BI, then the relationship asks us the cross-filter direction. There are two options available for cross-filtering.

Single – When the cross filter direction is single, then the filtering between tables happens from left table to right table. It is the default setting. The first table can be used to filter the data in the second table.
Both – When the cross filter direction is both, then the filtering between the tables will work in both ways. Either table can be used to filter the other table.

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Today's Interview QnAs

Company Name - Electromech

Role: Data Scientist



Q. Explain how the filter function works in python?

A. The filter() method filters a series using a function that checks if each element in the sequence is true or not. The filter() function takes two arguments: function - a function and iterable - an iterable like sets, lists, tuples etc.



Q. Name the operator which is used in the query for pattern matching?

A. LIKE operator is used for pattern matching, and it can be used as - % _ It matches zero or more characters.
For eg: select * from student where studentname like 'a%'
_(underscore)- it matches exactly one character.
Select* from student where studentname like 'abc_'


Q. Difference between a shallow and a deep copy?

A. It's faster to do shallow repetitions. It does, however, handle pointers and references in a "lazy" manner. It just copies over the pointer price rather than producing a current copy of the specific knowledge the pointer links to. As a result, each of the initial and subsequent copies can have pointers that relate to the same underlying knowledge. Deep repetition clones the underlying data completely. It is not shared by the first and, as a result, by the copy.



Q. What is TF/IDF vectorization?

A. The TF-IDF statistic, which stands for term frequency–inverse document frequency, is a numerical measure of how essential a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. [1] It's frequently used in information retrieval, text mining, and user modelling searches as a weighting factor. The tf–idf value rises in proportion to the number of times a word appears in a document and is offset by the number of documents in the corpus that contain the term, which helps to compensate for the fact that some words appear more frequently than others.


Q. In what terms DBSCAN is better than K- Means Clustering?

A. Outliers and noisy datasets are easily handled by DBScan clustering, whereas outliers and noisy datasets are not adequately handled by K-means clustering. The number of clusters does not need to be stated in DBScan clustering. The number of clusters specified in K-means clustering is important.

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