GS-1 Notes_and_Essay_Satyam_Gandhi.pdf

*🛡️Language In Parliament*

♟️The Constitution has declared Hindi and English to be the languages for transacting business in the Parliament. However, the presiding officer can permit a member to address the House in his mother-tongue. In both the Houses, arrangements are made for simultaneous translation.

♟️Though English was to be discontinued as a floor language after the expiration of fifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution (that is, in 1965), the Official Languages Act (1963) allowed English to be continued along with Hindi.

*🛡️Energy Security in India*

♟️India is accelerating its transition to renewable energy for energy security and sustainability. As of January 2025, non-fossil fuel capacity has reached 217.62 GW, with major contributions from solar (97.86 GW) and wind (48.16 GW) power.

*💎Key Initiatives*
♟️National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023): Aims to position India as a global hydrogen leader with ₹8 lakh crore investment and a target of 5 million metric tons of green hydrogen production by 2030.
♟️CCDC Wind Initiative (2020): Strengthened wind energy mapping and data collection, contributing to 10 GW of new capacity.
♟️National Solar Mission: Propelled India's solar capacity from 9.01 GW in 2016 to 97.86 GW in 2025. Solar parks, rooftop programs, and off-grid solutions have expanded significantly.
♟️PM-KUSUM Scheme (2019): 6.1 lakh solar pumps installed to support farmers and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
♟️PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (2024): Aims to power 1 crore households with rooftop solar by 2027, already achieving 7 lakh installations in 10 months.

*💎Impact & Future Roadmap*
♟️Strengthening grid stability and reducing carbon emissions.
♟️Expanding offshore wind projects with ₹7,453 crore Viability Gap Funding.
♟️Creating 6 lakh green jobs by 2030 in hydrogen and renewables.

♟️India is on track to becoming a global leader in clean energy, ensuring economic resilience while reducing dependency on fossil fuels.