Washington Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora or CITES, aims at regulating the international trade of specimens of endangered animals and plants. India has ratified this Convention in 1976
Bonn Convention: The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention, is an international agreement that aims to conserve migratory species within their migratory ranges. India is a signatory to this Convention.
Hotspot volcanism is a type of volcanism that occurs at the interior of the lithospheric plates rather than plate margins.
Well known hotspots include-
1) Hawaiian Hotspot
2) Yellowstone Hotspot
3) Reunion Hotspot
Hotspot volcanism occurs due to abnormally hot centres in the mantle known as "mantle plumes".
Most of the mantle plumes lie far from tectonic plate boundaries (e.g. Hawaiian Hotspot), but there are some exceptions which are located near plate boundaries (e.g. Iceland Hotspot, Afar Hotspot).
Well known hotspots include-
1) Hawaiian Hotspot
2) Yellowstone Hotspot
3) Reunion Hotspot
Hotspot volcanism occurs due to abnormally hot centres in the mantle known as "mantle plumes".
Most of the mantle plumes lie far from tectonic plate boundaries (e.g. Hawaiian Hotspot), but there are some exceptions which are located near plate boundaries (e.g. Iceland Hotspot, Afar Hotspot).
There are 4 types of genetic diseases
1⃣ Single Gene - Disorders caused by abnormality or mutation in the sequence of one gene.
2⃣ Multifactorial - Caused by a combination of environmental factors as well as mutations in multiple genes.
3⃣ Chromosomal - Abnormalities in chromosome structure such has missing or extra copies
4⃣ Mitochondrial - Caused by a mutation in non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria
1⃣ Single Gene - Disorders caused by abnormality or mutation in the sequence of one gene.
2⃣ Multifactorial - Caused by a combination of environmental factors as well as mutations in multiple genes.
3⃣ Chromosomal - Abnormalities in chromosome structure such has missing or extra copies
4⃣ Mitochondrial - Caused by a mutation in non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria
Environmental Impact Assessment or EIA is the process or study which
▪️predicts the effect of a proposed industrial/infrastructural project on the environment.
▪️prevents the proposed activity/project from being approved without proper oversight or taking adverse consequences into account.
▪️compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.
▪️predicts the effect of a proposed industrial/infrastructural project on the environment.
▪️prevents the proposed activity/project from being approved without proper oversight or taking adverse consequences into account.
▪️compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits.
Coal Gasification is one of the clean coal technologies and involves the process of converting coal into synthesis gas/ syngas.
• Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
• The by-products of coal gasification include coke, coal tar, sulfur, ammonia and fly ash, all having their own potential uses.
• CO2 and ammonia are further reacted to produce urea.
• Syngas can also be used in a variety of other applications such as in the production of electricity, fuel for IC engines, making plastics, cement etc
• Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
• The by-products of coal gasification include coke, coal tar, sulfur, ammonia and fly ash, all having their own potential uses.
• CO2 and ammonia are further reacted to produce urea.
• Syngas can also be used in a variety of other applications such as in the production of electricity, fuel for IC engines, making plastics, cement etc
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#Food_Preservatives are substances added to food to prevent or slow down spoilage and maintain natural colours and flavours.
Two reasons for food spoilage
• Microbial contamination
• Fats reacting with oxygen (oxidation)
Preservative criteria
• Non-toxic
• Functional
• Flavourless
• Economical
Sorbic acid - It is a food preservative which protects many food varieties from yeast and mold spoilage. It is an organic compound, with naturally strong antimicrobial capabilities.
Sodium benzoate - It is a food preservative commonly used in fruit pies, jams, beverages, salads, foods with acidic pH.
It is used in processed foods to prevent the growth of bacteria or fungus that could spoil the food.
Citric Acid - Its acidic pH makes it useful as a food preservative and preserves the color of the food since it significantly slows the oxidation.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is not a food preservative.
It is a food additive, which is used as a flavour enhancer commonly added to Chinese food, canned vegetables, soups and processed meats.
Two reasons for food spoilage
• Microbial contamination
• Fats reacting with oxygen (oxidation)
Preservative criteria
• Non-toxic
• Functional
• Flavourless
• Economical
Sorbic acid - It is a food preservative which protects many food varieties from yeast and mold spoilage. It is an organic compound, with naturally strong antimicrobial capabilities.
Sodium benzoate - It is a food preservative commonly used in fruit pies, jams, beverages, salads, foods with acidic pH.
It is used in processed foods to prevent the growth of bacteria or fungus that could spoil the food.
Citric Acid - Its acidic pH makes it useful as a food preservative and preserves the color of the food since it significantly slows the oxidation.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is not a food preservative.
It is a food additive, which is used as a flavour enhancer commonly added to Chinese food, canned vegetables, soups and processed meats.
#SargassoSea is a region of the Atlantic Ocean bounded by 4 ocean currents forming an ocean gyre.
1) Gulf Stream on the west
2) North Atlantic Drift on the north
3) Canary Current on the east
4) North Atlantic Equatorial Current on the south
Unlike all other seas, it has no land boundaries. It is the only sea in the world which has no coast. It is distinguished from other parts of the Atlantic Ocean by its characteristic brown seaweed called Sargassum and often calm blue water.
Sargasso Sea is famous for its floating seaweed that covers large swathes of ocean. But it also boasts an astounding wealth of biodiversity that has earned it the nickname "The Floating Rainforest of the Sea."
The four ocean currents together forming a clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre. Bermuda is near the western fringes of the sea.
The four ocean currents deposit the marine plants and refuse which they are carrying into this sea, yet the ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue color and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility of up to 61m
1) Gulf Stream on the west
2) North Atlantic Drift on the north
3) Canary Current on the east
4) North Atlantic Equatorial Current on the south
Unlike all other seas, it has no land boundaries. It is the only sea in the world which has no coast. It is distinguished from other parts of the Atlantic Ocean by its characteristic brown seaweed called Sargassum and often calm blue water.
Sargasso Sea is famous for its floating seaweed that covers large swathes of ocean. But it also boasts an astounding wealth of biodiversity that has earned it the nickname "The Floating Rainforest of the Sea."
The four ocean currents together forming a clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre. Bermuda is near the western fringes of the sea.
The four ocean currents deposit the marine plants and refuse which they are carrying into this sea, yet the ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue color and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility of up to 61m
🔆Directive Principles Of State policy DPSP
✅ The constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but
also socioeconomic justice to the people to establish a welfare state.
✅These provisions are given in Part IV of Indian Constitution.
✅ Directive Principles of state policy are in the form of instructions to the governments at the centre as well as states.
✅Though these principles are non justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.
✅ The idea of the Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the
Irish Republic .
✅The Directive Principles of State policy were incorporated in our constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of few people.
✅ The constitution covers from Article 36 to 51 as Directive Principles of State
Policy.
✅They are unique blend of socialistic, liberal, democratic and Gandhian Principles.
✅ They describe as the ‘conscience of the constitution’.
✅ In the “State of Tamil Nadu etc. Vs L.Abu Kavur Bai” case in 1984 , the Supreme court held that although directive principles of State Policy are not enforceable, yet the court should not avoid them
✅ The constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but
also socioeconomic justice to the people to establish a welfare state.
✅These provisions are given in Part IV of Indian Constitution.
✅ Directive Principles of state policy are in the form of instructions to the governments at the centre as well as states.
✅Though these principles are non justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.
✅ The idea of the Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the
Irish Republic .
✅The Directive Principles of State policy were incorporated in our constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of few people.
✅ The constitution covers from Article 36 to 51 as Directive Principles of State
Policy.
✅They are unique blend of socialistic, liberal, democratic and Gandhian Principles.
✅ They describe as the ‘conscience of the constitution’.
✅ In the “State of Tamil Nadu etc. Vs L.Abu Kavur Bai” case in 1984 , the Supreme court held that although directive principles of State Policy are not enforceable, yet the court should not avoid them
Push factors from countryside
Land shortage owing to inheritance laws,
sub-division of land and population pressure.
Unemployment in agriculture.
Poverty and crop failure.
Debts in rural areas, especially among tenant farmers.
Natural disasters.
Poor medical facilities.
Lack of educational opportunities.
Poor transport, housing, water, electricity, and sewage disposal.
Traditional way of life with limited social facilities for young people
Land shortage owing to inheritance laws,
sub-division of land and population pressure.
Unemployment in agriculture.
Poverty and crop failure.
Debts in rural areas, especially among tenant farmers.
Natural disasters.
Poor medical facilities.
Lack of educational opportunities.
Poor transport, housing, water, electricity, and sewage disposal.
Traditional way of life with limited social facilities for young people
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1.World Investment Report------UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
2.Human Development Index----UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
3.Gender Inequality Index-----UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
4.Millennium Development Goals------UNO (United Nations Organization)
5.Global Financial System Report------BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
6.Global Innovation Index Published----INSEAD
7.World Development Report----IBRD (World Bank)
8.Ease of Doing Business-----IBRD (World Bank)
9.Global Talent Competitiveness Index------INSEAD
10.Intellectual Property Rights-----WTO (World Trade Organization)
11.The Energy Report & Living Planet Report by-----WWF (World Wildlife Fund)
12.Carbon Emission Index was Published by------UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
13.Global Terrorism Index-----IEP (Individualized Education Programme)
14.Global Peace Index------IEP (Individualized Education Programme)
15.Global Money Laundering Report------FATF (Financial Action Task Force)
16.World Economic Outlook-----IMF (International Mone5tary Fund)
17.Global Competitive Index-----WEF (World Economic Forum)
18.Travel & Tourism Index-----WEF (World Economic Forum)
19.Environmental Performance Index-----WEF (World Economic Forum)
20.Global Information Index —--WEF (World Economic Forum)
21.Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report--UN Inter-agency Group
22.India State of Forest Report- Forest Survey of India
23.Interest Subvention Report Reserve Bank of India
24.Change the World List - DataFortune
2.Human Development Index----UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
3.Gender Inequality Index-----UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
4.Millennium Development Goals------UNO (United Nations Organization)
5.Global Financial System Report------BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
6.Global Innovation Index Published----INSEAD
7.World Development Report----IBRD (World Bank)
8.Ease of Doing Business-----IBRD (World Bank)
9.Global Talent Competitiveness Index------INSEAD
10.Intellectual Property Rights-----WTO (World Trade Organization)
11.The Energy Report & Living Planet Report by-----WWF (World Wildlife Fund)
12.Carbon Emission Index was Published by------UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
13.Global Terrorism Index-----IEP (Individualized Education Programme)
14.Global Peace Index------IEP (Individualized Education Programme)
15.Global Money Laundering Report------FATF (Financial Action Task Force)
16.World Economic Outlook-----IMF (International Mone5tary Fund)
17.Global Competitive Index-----WEF (World Economic Forum)
18.Travel & Tourism Index-----WEF (World Economic Forum)
19.Environmental Performance Index-----WEF (World Economic Forum)
20.Global Information Index —--WEF (World Economic Forum)
21.Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report--UN Inter-agency Group
22.India State of Forest Report- Forest Survey of India
23.Interest Subvention Report Reserve Bank of India
24.Change the World List - DataFortune
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What is the name of cleanest river of India, which is located in village Mawlynnong in Meghalaya and acts as a natural divide between Jaintia and Khasi hills, before finally flowing into Bangladesh?
Anonymous Poll
55%
Dawki or Umngot river
24%
Kopli river
17%
Myntdu river
5%
Kulsi River
Dawki Or Umngot River Meghalaya
UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS
Dawki Or Umngot River Meghalaya
Popularly known as Dawki river, the Umngot river in Meghalaya is undisputedly the cleanest river in Asia with its crystal clear water. It originates from the Eastern Shillong Peak, which is located 1,800 m above sea level.
The river is in the village of Mawlynnong ("God's Own Garden") in Meghalaya, close to India’s border with Bangladesh, which is touted as Asia’s Cleanest Village.
Alongside cleanliness, the village has also achieved a rare feat — a 100% literacy rate.
It acts as a natural divide between Jaintia and Khasi hills, before finally flowing into Bangladesh.
@upscprelimszone
The river is in the village of Mawlynnong ("God's Own Garden") in Meghalaya, close to India’s border with Bangladesh, which is touted as Asia’s Cleanest Village.
Alongside cleanliness, the village has also achieved a rare feat — a 100% literacy rate.
It acts as a natural divide between Jaintia and Khasi hills, before finally flowing into Bangladesh.
@upscprelimszone
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Forwarded from UPSC Civil Services Upsc Prelims Mains Exam Current Affairs GS Gk Tricks SSC CGL IAS IFS IPS EPFO PCS UPPCS MPPCS Bihar PCS
Question: In Jainism, the aim of life is to attain Nirvana or Moksha for which one has to--.
.
.
Anonymous Poll
35%
A. follow three jewels and five vows
31%
B. Practice non-violence and non-injury to all living beings.
25%
C. renounce the world and attain the right knowledge
9%
D. believe in the Jains and absolute non-violence
✍👇📜 – History Anniversaries!!!
1️⃣ 🕉️ Arya Samaj – 150 years
2️⃣ 🚆 Kakori Train Action – 100 years
3️⃣ ✊ Self-Respect Movement – 100 years
4️⃣ 🚩 Vaikom Satyagraha – 100 years
5️⃣ 🇮🇳 Servants of India Society – 120 years
6️⃣ 📖 Tulsidas – 500th Birth Anniversary
7️⃣ 💰 Dadabhai Naoroji – 200th Birth Anniversary
8️⃣ 🗺️ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – 150th Birth Anniversary
9️⃣ 🌿 Birsa Munda – 150th Birth Anniversary
🔟 🎶 Vande Mataram – 150 years
📌 Save this. Revise this.
1️⃣ 🕉️ Arya Samaj – 150 years
2️⃣ 🚆 Kakori Train Action – 100 years
3️⃣ ✊ Self-Respect Movement – 100 years
4️⃣ 🚩 Vaikom Satyagraha – 100 years
5️⃣ 🇮🇳 Servants of India Society – 120 years
6️⃣ 📖 Tulsidas – 500th Birth Anniversary
7️⃣ 💰 Dadabhai Naoroji – 200th Birth Anniversary
8️⃣ 🗺️ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – 150th Birth Anniversary
9️⃣ 🌿 Birsa Munda – 150th Birth Anniversary
🔟 🎶 Vande Mataram – 150 years
📌 Save this. Revise this.
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