April 2023 - Anthropology Magazine

According to article 233 of the constitution, a district judge is appointed by the
(A) Chief justice of the state High court
(B) Governor of the state
(C) Chief minister of the state
(D) none of the above

The inter - operable criminal justice system (ICJS) is implemented by the
(A) Ministry of labour and employment
(B) Ministry of corporate Affairs
(C) Ministry of law and justice
(D) Ministry of Home affairs

Dadasahab phalk Award given by which ministery?
(A) Home ministry
(B) Foreign Ministry
(C) Ministry of information and technology
(D) Ministry of culture

The sensation of fatigue in the muscles after prolonged strenuous physical work is caused by ____.
(A) The accumulation of lactic acid
(B) The depletion of glucose
(C) Minor wear and tear of muscle fibres
(D) A decrease in the supply of oxygen

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Largest Lakes by Surface Area
[Caspian Sea Excluded in all facts]

1-Lake Superior – North America
2-Lake Victoria – Africa
3-Lake Huron – North America
4-Lake Michigan – North America

Largest Lakes by Volume
1-Baikal – Asia
2-Tanganyika – Africa
3-Superior – North America
Deepest Lakes in the World
1-Lake Baikal – Asia
2-Lake Tanganyika

UPSC PressNote-CSP-23

Important instructions for CSE Pre 2023

All the best ✌️👍

🔰 Salient Features of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment 🔰
================================

🔹 The 73rd Constitutional Amendment added Part IX titled “The Panchayats” to the Constitution.

🔹 Basic unit of democratic system-Gram Sabhas (villages) comprising all the adult members registered as voters.

🔹 Three-tier system of panchayats at village, intermediate block/taluk/mandal and district levels except in States with population is below 20 lakhs (Article 243B).

🔹 Seats at all levels to be filled by direct elections (Article 243C (2)).

🔹 Reservation of Seats:
➨ Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) and the chairpersons of the Panchayats at all levels also shall be reserved for SCs and STs in proportion to their population.
➨ One-third of the total number of seats to be reserved for women.
➨ One-third offices of chairpersons at all levels reserved for women (Article 243D).

🔹 Duration:
➨ Uniform five year term and elections to constitute new bodies to be completed before the expiry of the term.
➨ In the event of dissolution, elections compulsorily within six months (Article 243E).

🔹 Independent Election Commission in each State for superintendence, direction and control of the electoral rolls (Article 243K).

🔹 Power of Panchayats: Panchayats have been authorised to prepare plans for economic development and social justice in respect of subjects illustrated in Eleventh Schedule (Article 243G).

🔹 Source of Revenue (Article 243H): State legislature may authorise the Panchayats with
➨ Budgetary allocation from State Revenue.
➨ Share of revenue of certain taxes.
➨ Collection and retention of the revenue it raises.

🔹 Establish a Finance Commission in each State to determine the principles on the basis of which adequate financial resources would be ensured for panchayats and municipalities (Article 243I).

🔹 Exemptions:
➨ The Act does not apply to the states of Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram and certain other areas because of socio-cultural and administrative considerations. These areas include:
➖the Scheduled areas and the tribal areas (under Schedule VI of the Constitution) in the states.
➖the hill areas of Manipur for which district councils exist,
➖Darjeeling district of West Bengal for which Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council exists.
➨ However, the Parliament has extended the provisions of Part IX to Vth schedule areas through an Act called the Provisions of Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996.
➖At present, 10 States namely Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Telangana have Fifth Schedule Area.


🔹 Source: PIB 🔹

42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list. Those DPSPs are:

1⃣ Article 39 - To secure opportunities for healthy development of children.

2⃣ Article 39A - To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor.

3⃣ Article 43A - To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries

4⃣ Article 48A - To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life.

Gas Molecules That Absorb Thermal Infrared Radiation and Are Present in Large Quantity to Alter the Climate System Is Known As
(a) Greenhouse gases 
(b) Beta radiations
(c) Alpha radiations
(d) Ozone gases

To whom did Mahatma Gandhi give the title ‘Deen Bandhu’?
(A) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(B) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(C) CF Andrews
(D) Rajendra Prasad

Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004)

✅Built by kings of the Chola empire, these temples manifest the precision and perfection of the Cholas in architecture, sculpture, painting and bronze casting.

✅This site includes three 11th and 12th- century temples: Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram and Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.

✅The Temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram built by Rajendra the First in 1035 and the Airavatesvara Temple built by Rajaraja the Second, feature vimana (sanctum tower) of 53m and 24m respectively.