CHALLENGES TO EXTERNAL SECURITY OF INDIA

🔸 Competition for scare resources

🔸Challenges from hostile neighbors

🔸China -Pak axis

🔸Militarization of Space

🔸Cross border threat

🔸Maritime Security

🔸Threat from cyber space

🔸Development in middle east

*Use this Diagram in your Essay Paper as per the need .

♻️Ancient Indian History One-Liners♻️

➨ In 1922, an Indian archaeologist Mr.Rakhal Das Bannerjee discovered the Mohenjodaro site of the Indus Valley civilisation.

➨ The Ashokan Pillar Edict-VII mentions the Dhamma Mahamattas. It propagated a proper courtesy to slaves and servants, obedience to parents, respectful behaviour towards Brahmans and Sharmanas and generiosty towards friends, acquaintances and relatives.

➨ The two major rock edicts of Ashoka viz. Mansehra and Sahbazgarhi are in Kharosthi script. These both the rock edicts are in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

➨ The Egyptian ruler, Ptolemy II Philadelphus had sent Dionysuis as an ambassador in the court of either Bindusara or Asoka.

➨ The important functionaries of Early Vedic period are Purohita, Senani and Gramini.

➨ World’s first oil painting were found in Bamiyan caves in Afghanistan .

➨ The Sakas introduced Satrap system of government along with Parthians that was similar to that of the Achaemenid and Seleucid systems in Iran. Under this system, the kingdom was divided into provinces each under military governor Mahakshatrapa (great satrap). The governors of lower status were called kshatrapas (satraps). These governors had the power to issue their own inscriptions and mint their own coins.

➨ The great scholars in the Court of Kanishka I were Asvaghosa (the Buddhist poet), Nagarjuna (the philosopher), Samgharaksha (the chaplain), Mathara (the politician), Vasumitra (the Buddhist scholar), Charaka (the physician) and Agisala (the engineer).

➨ Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta, who mentioned the achievements of Samudragupta in the Prayag-Prasasti inscription.



🧿प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास वन-लाइनर्स

➨ 1922 में, एक भारतीय पुरातत्वविद् श्रीराखल दास बनर्जी ने सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के मोहनजोदड़ो स्थल की खोज की।

➨ अशोकन स्तंभ एडिक्ट-VII में धम्म महामातों का उल्लेख है। इसने दासों और नौकरों, माता-पिता की आज्ञाकारिता, ब्राहमणों और शरमन के प्रति सम्मानजनक व्यवहार और मित्रों, परिचितों और रिश्तेदारों के प्रति उदारता का उचित शिष्टाचार का प्रचार किया।

➨ अशोक के दो प्रमुख रॉक संस्करण। मानसेहरा और सहबाजगढ़ी खरोष्ठी लिपि में हैं। ये दोनों रॉक एडिशन खैबर पख्तूनख्वा, पाकिस्तान में हैं।

➨ मिस्र के शासक, टॉलेमी द्वितीय फिलाडेल्फ़स ने डायोनिस्यूस को बिंदुसार या अशोक के दरबार में एक राजदूत के रूप में भेजा था।

➨ प्रारंभिक वैदिक काल के महत्वपूर्ण कार्यकर्त्ता पुरोहिता, सेनानी और ग्रामिनी हैं।

➨ विश्व की पहली तेल चित्रकला अफगानिस्तान में बामियान गुफाओं में पाई गई थी।

➨ सकस ने पार्थियनों के साथ सरकार की सत्रप प्रणाली की शुरुआत की जो ईरान में आचमेनिड और सेल्यूलाइड प्रणालियों के समान थी। इस प्रणाली के तहत, राज्य को सैन्य गवर्नर महाक्षत्रप (महान क्षत्रप) के तहत प्रत्येक प्रांत में विभाजित किया गया था। निचले दर्जे के राज्यपालों को क्षत्रप (क्षत्रप) कहा जाता था। इन राज्यपालों के पास अपने स्वयं के शिलालेख जारी करने और अपने स्वयं के सिक्कों का खनन करने की शक्ति थी।

➨ कनिष्क के दरबार में महान विद्वान अश्वघोष (बौद्ध कवि), नागार्जुन (दार्शनिक), सम्राज्ञा (पादरी), मथारा (राजनीतिज्ञ), वसुमित्र (बौद्ध विद्वान), चरक (चिकित्सक) और अगीसाला थे (अभियंता)।

➨ हरिसेना समुद्रगुप्त का दरबारी कवि था, जिसने प्रयाग-प्रशस्ति शिलालेख में समुद्रगुप्त की उपलब्धियों का उल्लेख किया है।

■ EMERGENCY PROVISIONS

#salientfeaturesofconstitution

◇ The Indian Constitution contains elaborate emergency provisions to enable the President to meet any extraordinary situation effectively.

◇ The rationality behind the
incorporation of these provisions is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity and security of the country, the democratic political system and the Constitution.

□ The Constitution envisages three types of emergencies, namely :-

• National emergency on the ground of war or external aggression or armed rebellion (Article 352);

• State emergency (President’s Rule) on the ground of failure of Constitutional machinery in the states (Article 356) or
failure to comply with the directions of the Centre (Article 365); and

• Financial emergency on the ground of threat to the financial stability or credit of India (Article 360).

■ TIDAL BORES

#Oceanography #oceantides

◇ When tide water enters the coastal river with high tidal range, the seaward flow of the river obstructs the incoming tide, with the result the front of tidal wave crest is forced to assume high tidal range. Thus, the tidal wave with steep tidal wall of more than 5 m in height rushes upstream or up bay. This wall-like high tidal waves are called tidal bores which move upstream with average speed of 20-22 kilometres per hour.

□ The following conditions are conducive for the occurrence of tidal bore: -

◇ Narrow and low-lying coastal river with gentle channel gradient,

◇ A bay with narrow opening and tapering head,

◇ Large tidal range (wave height), usually more than 5 meters,

◇ Upward decreasing water depth, meaning thereby decreasing depth of water in upriver section, etc.

Important Conventions and Protocols🔻

🔲Ramsar Convention- wetlands

🔲Bonn Convention- On migratory birds

🔲Vienna Convention- Ozone layer

🔲Montreal Protocol- Ozone layer

🔲Minamata Convention- Mercury

🔲Geneva Protocol- Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare

🔲Stockholm Convention- Persistant Organic pollutants(POP)

🔲Rotterdam Convention- Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides

🔲Basel Convention- Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

*👁‍🗨Brief Details about Different Census in India*

🔲Population Census- Every 10 Years
(2021 Census will be 16th)
🔲Livestock Census- Every 5 Years
🔲Agriculture Census - Every 5 Years
🔲Forest Survey - Every 2 Years
🔲Tiger Census - Every 4 Years
🔲Elephant Census - Every 5 Years
🔲Rhino Census - Every 3 Years
*

*👁‍🗨Brief Details about Different Census in India*

🔲Population Census- Every 10 Years
(2021 Census will be 16th)
🔲Livestock Census- Every 5 Years
🔲Agriculture Census - Every 5 Years
🔲Forest Survey - Every 2 Years
🔲Tiger Census - Every 4 Years
🔲Elephant Census - Every 5 Years
🔲Rhino Census - Every 3 Years
*

*Quize time ⌚*

*Que - रतौंधी किस विटामिन की कमी से होता है?*

*(A) विटामिन D😂*
*(B) विटामिन C🙏*
*(C) विटामिन B👍*
*(D) विटामिन A❤️*

*Answer With Emojis*

*Quiz Time💡*

*Q_निम्नलिखित में से किसको RBC का कब्रिस्तान कहा जाता है ?*

(A) यकृत्😮
*(B) प्लीहा*❤️
(C) मस्तिष्क👍
(D) हृदय🙏

*👉Answer with Emojis*