By increasing centre distance by some amount we can avoid interferrence between gears.

#FUNDA #TOM

In thermodynamics if spring is attached to the piston then the pressure volume (PV) graph will be linear because spring force is linear and in cylinder volume also increases linearly.

#FUNDA #THERMO

The toughness of the material decreases upon heating because the impurities leave the cotrell atmosphere easliy due to which dislocation find less difficulty to move.

#FUNDA #MATERIAL SCIENCE

For slope of the processes in PV diagram directly see the index power at V (PV^n)
Hence adibatic process is steeper than isothermal because Gamma is more than 1 in this case and holds true for various polytropic processes.

#Funda #Thermo

The answer to the above poll is




1. State function - Energy is path function we can integrate between limits to get energy stored but power is not stored in a body hence it is state function.

"Zero" Kelvin is not practical in real usage because it will voilate second law of thermodynamics.
Then the carnot efficiency will be 100% because (Efficiency = 1-(T(L)/T(H))
and by putting T(L)=0 efficiency will come out to be 100%,which means whole heat is converted into work which is voilation of KelvinPlank's statement.

#Funda #Thermo

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1. By increase or decrease of entropy - to check this let us take an example on TS diagram, at constant temperature entropy can increase or decrease and the area will give heat addition or heat rejection.
While at constant entropy when temperature increases the line is vertical which has negilible area hence no heat addition.

When cutting side edge angle increases then there is chance of chattering which decreases the tool life.Hence we keep it less than 30 degree for optimal function.

#FUNDA #PRODUCTION

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1. Since we know that ductile materials are weak in shear as compared to brittle materials.
So for removal of material from the brittle material the tool strength should be sufficient enough.
By providing negative rake angle more material is added which means more strength of the tool.
Whereas in ductile materials are weak in shear so we use positive rake angle tool in this case.

The answer to the above poll is





1 Upmilling- In upmilling workpiece is pulled against the table so fastners will be in tension.
Hence there will be less *backlash* error, hence more accuracy in Up milling than Down Milling.

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3 Shape and size - Shape factor is independent of Temperature and emissivity and depends on shape, size and distance between the bodies.

In Heat transfer absorptivity is assumed to be equal to emmisivity because the body is assumed to be in thermal equilibrium. The net heat input must be equal to net heat output. The law which supports it is known as Kirchoff's law.



#FUNDA #HT