#AGRICULTURE
■ National Conclave on Natural Farming-
✅Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed farmers at the National Conclave on Natural Farming through a video conference.
✅The three day Summit is being organized from 14th to 16th December, 2021 by government of Gujarat.
✅It is being attended by over 5000 farmers who will be present in the Summit.
✅During the event, farmers will be provided with all requisite information to create awareness regarding the benefits of adopting natural farming methods.
✅In the summit, basic knowledge on how to adopt zero-budget natural farming will be showcased.
● Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF):
✅Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) technology uses locally available resources to manage soil nutrition, fertility, pests, and weeds.
✅The technology completely avoids the use of inorganic fertilisers, pesticides, and herbicides.
✅It emphasises the effective utilisation of water through specified methods and recommends less tilling, to produce higher yields.
✅This farming practice asserts that ZBNF is resilient to climate change, reduces the cost of cultivation, and increases farmers’ income.
● Background:
✅Government of Andhra Pradesh introduced Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) in 2016 as an alternative to chemical-based and capital intensive agriculture through its implementing agency Rythu Sadhikara Samstha (RySS).
✅The main objective of the ZBNF is to make agriculture economically viable, agrarian livelihoods profitable.
✅This reduces agrarian distress through cost reduction and sustainable agricultural practices that are climate-resilient.
✅The Government of Andhra Pradesh has launched a scale-out plan to transition 6 million farms/farmers to 100% chemical-free agriculture by 2024.
SOURCE - ALL INDIA RADIO
■ National Conclave on Natural Farming-
✅Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed farmers at the National Conclave on Natural Farming through a video conference.
✅The three day Summit is being organized from 14th to 16th December, 2021 by government of Gujarat.
✅It is being attended by over 5000 farmers who will be present in the Summit.
✅During the event, farmers will be provided with all requisite information to create awareness regarding the benefits of adopting natural farming methods.
✅In the summit, basic knowledge on how to adopt zero-budget natural farming will be showcased.
● Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF):
✅Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) technology uses locally available resources to manage soil nutrition, fertility, pests, and weeds.
✅The technology completely avoids the use of inorganic fertilisers, pesticides, and herbicides.
✅It emphasises the effective utilisation of water through specified methods and recommends less tilling, to produce higher yields.
✅This farming practice asserts that ZBNF is resilient to climate change, reduces the cost of cultivation, and increases farmers’ income.
● Background:
✅Government of Andhra Pradesh introduced Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) in 2016 as an alternative to chemical-based and capital intensive agriculture through its implementing agency Rythu Sadhikara Samstha (RySS).
✅The main objective of the ZBNF is to make agriculture economically viable, agrarian livelihoods profitable.
✅This reduces agrarian distress through cost reduction and sustainable agricultural practices that are climate-resilient.
✅The Government of Andhra Pradesh has launched a scale-out plan to transition 6 million farms/farmers to 100% chemical-free agriculture by 2024.
SOURCE - ALL INDIA RADIO
#ENVIRONMENT
■ Green hydrogen micro grid project:
✅State-run NTPC Ltd has recently awarded India’s first green hydrogen microgrid project at the Simhadri plant of NTPC in Andhra Pradesh.
✅NTPC will work towards “Standalone Fuel-cell based Microgrid along with hydrogen production using electrolyzer” project at NTPC Simhadri.
✅India has also planned to bid to build 4 gigawatt (GW) of electrolyzer capacity under its energy security strategy.
● About the project:
✅This project would be a precursor to large-scale hydrogen energy storage projects.
✅It strives to support India’s vision to become carbon neutral by 2070.
✅Production of hydrogen would be done using the advanced 240 kW Solid Oxide Electrolyser by taking input power from the nearby Floating Solar project.
✅NTPC had before commissioned the development of India’s biggest floating solar plant in Telangana’s Ramagundam.
✅Hydrogen produced would be stored at high pressure and would be electrified using a 50 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell which is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel.
● Production of Green Hydrogen:
✅Green hydrogen is produced by separating water into hydrogen and oxygen using an electrolyzer, powered by renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
● Significance:
✅Would open doors for decarbonising the far-off regions of the country like Ladakh, J&K etc., dependent on diesel generators.
✅Decarbonizing - removing or reducing the amount of gaseous carbon compounds released in the environment.
✅NTPC Renewable Energy Limited (NTPC REL) has also inked a pact with the Union territory of Ladakh for a green hydrogen mobility project.
✅Can be a game-changer for the energy security of India, which imports 85% of its oil and 53% of gas requirements.
● Challenges:
✅Infrastructural issues:
✅Fewer than 500 operational hydrogen stations in the world , mostly in Europe, followed by Japan and South Korea.
✅Energy-intensive process of Hydrogen generation:
✅Energy required to produce green hydrogen is relatively higher.
✅As the technology to split water or Methane is in nascent stage, it is costly at present.
✅Intensive R&D
✅New technology demands higher research input for making the process cheap and scalable.
✅Multiple regulations:
✅Result in red tapism due to the involvement of multiple ministries and the lack of coordination between them.
✅Transportation of hydrogen:
✅Hydrogen in gaseous form is highly inflammable and difficult to transport.
✅Difficulty in Detection :
✅Lacks smell, which makes any leak detection almost impossible thus increasing the potential dangers.
● National Thermal Power Corporation Limited:
✅A central Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Power.
✅It aims to provide reliable power and related solutions in an economical, efficient and environment-friendly manner, driven by innovation and agility.
✅It became a Maharatna company in May 2010.
✅It is located in New Delhi.
SOURCE - PIB
■ Green hydrogen micro grid project:
✅State-run NTPC Ltd has recently awarded India’s first green hydrogen microgrid project at the Simhadri plant of NTPC in Andhra Pradesh.
✅NTPC will work towards “Standalone Fuel-cell based Microgrid along with hydrogen production using electrolyzer” project at NTPC Simhadri.
✅India has also planned to bid to build 4 gigawatt (GW) of electrolyzer capacity under its energy security strategy.
● About the project:
✅This project would be a precursor to large-scale hydrogen energy storage projects.
✅It strives to support India’s vision to become carbon neutral by 2070.
✅Production of hydrogen would be done using the advanced 240 kW Solid Oxide Electrolyser by taking input power from the nearby Floating Solar project.
✅NTPC had before commissioned the development of India’s biggest floating solar plant in Telangana’s Ramagundam.
✅Hydrogen produced would be stored at high pressure and would be electrified using a 50 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell which is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel.
● Production of Green Hydrogen:
✅Green hydrogen is produced by separating water into hydrogen and oxygen using an electrolyzer, powered by renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
● Significance:
✅Would open doors for decarbonising the far-off regions of the country like Ladakh, J&K etc., dependent on diesel generators.
✅Decarbonizing - removing or reducing the amount of gaseous carbon compounds released in the environment.
✅NTPC Renewable Energy Limited (NTPC REL) has also inked a pact with the Union territory of Ladakh for a green hydrogen mobility project.
✅Can be a game-changer for the energy security of India, which imports 85% of its oil and 53% of gas requirements.
● Challenges:
✅Infrastructural issues:
✅Fewer than 500 operational hydrogen stations in the world , mostly in Europe, followed by Japan and South Korea.
✅Energy-intensive process of Hydrogen generation:
✅Energy required to produce green hydrogen is relatively higher.
✅As the technology to split water or Methane is in nascent stage, it is costly at present.
✅Intensive R&D
✅New technology demands higher research input for making the process cheap and scalable.
✅Multiple regulations:
✅Result in red tapism due to the involvement of multiple ministries and the lack of coordination between them.
✅Transportation of hydrogen:
✅Hydrogen in gaseous form is highly inflammable and difficult to transport.
✅Difficulty in Detection :
✅Lacks smell, which makes any leak detection almost impossible thus increasing the potential dangers.
● National Thermal Power Corporation Limited:
✅A central Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Power.
✅It aims to provide reliable power and related solutions in an economical, efficient and environment-friendly manner, driven by innovation and agility.
✅It became a Maharatna company in May 2010.
✅It is located in New Delhi.
SOURCE - PIB
#AGRICULTURE
■ Second edition of ‘Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge’ launched-
✅Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, in partnership with Startup India, launched the second edition of ‘Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge’ at an event celebrating ‘National Milk Day’ in Anand, Gujarat to commemorate the birth centenary of Dr. Varghese Kurien.
✅The first edition of the startup grand challenge was launched by Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, on 12th September, 2019.
● Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge 2.0-
✅The aim of the challenge is to scout for innovative and commercially viable solutions to address six problems faced by the animal husbandry and dairy sector.
✅A winner will be awarded with Rs 10 Lakh and a runner-up with Rs 7 Lakh cash for each of the 6 problem areas.
✅Up to 12 winners to get incubation.
✅The incubator would be responsible for virtual incubation of these startups for up to 3 months, mentor matchmaking, lab facility for POC development and testing facilities (on case-to-case basis), conducting business and investor workshops, and tracking the activities of the startups for up to 9 months after the completion of the program.
● Problem Areas-
✅1.Cost-effective, Long-term, and User-friendly Alternatives for Storage and Supply of Semen Doses
✅2.Development of Cost-effective Animal Identification (RFID) and Traceability Technology
✅3.Development of Heat Detection Kits
✅4.Development of Pregnancy Diagnosis Kits for Dairy Animals
✅5.Improvement of existing milk supply-chain from village collection centre to the dairy plant
✅6.Development of Low-cost Cooling and Milk Preservation System and a Data Logger
SOURCE - PIB
■ Second edition of ‘Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge’ launched-
✅Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, in partnership with Startup India, launched the second edition of ‘Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge’ at an event celebrating ‘National Milk Day’ in Anand, Gujarat to commemorate the birth centenary of Dr. Varghese Kurien.
✅The first edition of the startup grand challenge was launched by Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, on 12th September, 2019.
● Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge 2.0-
✅The aim of the challenge is to scout for innovative and commercially viable solutions to address six problems faced by the animal husbandry and dairy sector.
✅A winner will be awarded with Rs 10 Lakh and a runner-up with Rs 7 Lakh cash for each of the 6 problem areas.
✅Up to 12 winners to get incubation.
✅The incubator would be responsible for virtual incubation of these startups for up to 3 months, mentor matchmaking, lab facility for POC development and testing facilities (on case-to-case basis), conducting business and investor workshops, and tracking the activities of the startups for up to 9 months after the completion of the program.
● Problem Areas-
✅1.Cost-effective, Long-term, and User-friendly Alternatives for Storage and Supply of Semen Doses
✅2.Development of Cost-effective Animal Identification (RFID) and Traceability Technology
✅3.Development of Heat Detection Kits
✅4.Development of Pregnancy Diagnosis Kits for Dairy Animals
✅5.Improvement of existing milk supply-chain from village collection centre to the dairy plant
✅6.Development of Low-cost Cooling and Milk Preservation System and a Data Logger
SOURCE - PIB
#ENVIRONMENT
■ Observer Status Granted To International Solar Alliance-
✅The UN General Assembly has conferred Observer Status to the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a historic decision which India said would help provide for a well-defined cooperation between the Alliance and the United Nations that would benefit global energy growth and development.
✅The granting of Observer Status to ISA in the General Assembly would help provide for regular and well-defined cooperation between the Alliance and the United Nations that would benefit global energy growth and development.
● International Solar Alliance (ISA):
✅The ISA was conceived as a joint effort by India and France to mobilise efforts against climate change through the deployment of solar energy solutions.
✅It was presented by the leaders of the two countries at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Paris in 2015.
✅It is an alliance of more than 122 countries initiated by India.
✅ISA is a coalition of solar resource rich countries lying fully or partially between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn to specifically address energy needs by harnessing solar energy.
✅The Paris Declaration establishes ISA as an alliance dedicated to the promotion of solar energy among its member countries.
✅ISA brings together countries with rich solar potential to aggregate global demand, thereby reducing prices through bulk purchase.
✅It facilitates the deployment of existing solar technologies at scale, and promoting collaborative solar R&D and capacity building.
● Secretariat:
✅India and France jointly laid the foundation stone of ISA Headquarters.
✅They inaugurated the interim Secretariat of the ISA in National Institute of Solar Energy campus, Gurugram, Haryana.
● Objectives:
✅The ISA’s major objectives include global deployment of over 1,000GW of solar generation capacity and mobilisation of investment of over US$ 1000 billion into solar energy by 2030.
✅The ISA envisions to enable the full ecosystem for availability and development of technology, economic resources, and development of storage technology, mass manufacturing and innovation.
SOURCE - THE HINDU
■ Observer Status Granted To International Solar Alliance-
✅The UN General Assembly has conferred Observer Status to the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a historic decision which India said would help provide for a well-defined cooperation between the Alliance and the United Nations that would benefit global energy growth and development.
✅The granting of Observer Status to ISA in the General Assembly would help provide for regular and well-defined cooperation between the Alliance and the United Nations that would benefit global energy growth and development.
● International Solar Alliance (ISA):
✅The ISA was conceived as a joint effort by India and France to mobilise efforts against climate change through the deployment of solar energy solutions.
✅It was presented by the leaders of the two countries at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Paris in 2015.
✅It is an alliance of more than 122 countries initiated by India.
✅ISA is a coalition of solar resource rich countries lying fully or partially between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn to specifically address energy needs by harnessing solar energy.
✅The Paris Declaration establishes ISA as an alliance dedicated to the promotion of solar energy among its member countries.
✅ISA brings together countries with rich solar potential to aggregate global demand, thereby reducing prices through bulk purchase.
✅It facilitates the deployment of existing solar technologies at scale, and promoting collaborative solar R&D and capacity building.
● Secretariat:
✅India and France jointly laid the foundation stone of ISA Headquarters.
✅They inaugurated the interim Secretariat of the ISA in National Institute of Solar Energy campus, Gurugram, Haryana.
● Objectives:
✅The ISA’s major objectives include global deployment of over 1,000GW of solar generation capacity and mobilisation of investment of over US$ 1000 billion into solar energy by 2030.
✅The ISA envisions to enable the full ecosystem for availability and development of technology, economic resources, and development of storage technology, mass manufacturing and innovation.
SOURCE - THE HINDU
Chennai Floods: TN's Long-term Solutions to avoid Monsoon Woes
✅ Why in News: Tamil Nadu is reeling under the fury of the northeast monsoon with heavy floods forcing a near shutdown in Chennai and fears over the floods of the scale it experienced in 2015.
▪️What is the similarity between the events leading to the 2015 floods and the current northeast monsoon?
✅Filling up of reservoirs.
✅Clogging up of drains preventing the percolation of rainwater.
✅ A low depression across the Bay of Bengal.
✅Heavy rainfall : The city received 399 millimetres rainfall in five days in 2015 while this year it recorded 200 mm in one night.
▪️What reasons were attributed for the present situation?
✅ An extreme weather event has been pointed out as the major cause for Chennai flood.
✅ Tamil Nadu’s coastal districts get 60% of the annual rainfall and the interior districts get about 40-50% of the annual rainfall from the North East monsoon.
✅Inadequate and unscientific construction of stormwater drains : For instance, a SWD project came under criticism as it was constructed on the seaward side of the East Coast Road, where the easy natural percolation of water prevents the need for artificial systems.
✅ Encroachment of water bodies : Pallikaranai wetland is where residential colonies, institutional areas and even a large garbage dump have been built.
✅Over 300 lakes, tanks and canals have disappeared in the past decades and, according to the administration, over 1.5 lakh illegal constructions choke the cityscape.
✅ Poor reservoir management : Absence of desiliting of reservoirs, por water management, etc. added to the cause
✅ Unplanned growth of the city : For instance, the shopping hub of T Nagar was built on a lake bed and the city airport came up on the floodplains of Adyar.
✅ A mass rapid transport system has severely restricted the flow in Buckingham Canal, which was designed also as a protective barrier against floods and sea ingress.
▪️What efforts have been taken?
✅Preparedness : IMD has issued recurrent alerts and its early forecast warning has significantly reduced the losses unlike 2015 floods when over 400 people died.
✅The corporation seems to have revised the 2017 City Disaster Management Plan and posted an improved version as the City Disaster Management Perspective Plan (CDMPP) 2021.
✅ Efforts of Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC) : GCC has been more proactive than the responses during the 2015 floods.
✅Contact details have been posted in GCC website to allow access to information and responses rather than solely depending on Rippon building (GCC office).
✅A flood grievance redress mechanism has been established by GCC
✅Leadership : Both the chief minister and GCC Commissioner have been taking stock of the situation from ground-zero as well as reaching out to vulnerable communities in distress.
✅Relief : Over a hundred relief centres in 15 risk zones for sheltering affected people as well as rendering immediate rescue and relief services are provided.
✅All schools under GCC are being opened for accommodating flood-affected people.
✅ Rescue boats are kept on standby at all risk zones and NDRF teams have been deployed for the rescue operations.
✅Food and medical supplies are being arranged and several community kitchens have been made operational.
▪️What has to be done to reduce the losses from such events in the future?
✅Chennai will have to reclaim at least a part of its lost water spaces and preserve whatever is left in order to better withstand the extremities of climate-change-induced weather events.
✅ The State Government should look for durable solutions to the city’s long-standing woes and executing them in a short span of time.
✅The people should be responsible enough in ensuring that the waterbodies and drains are not turned into dumps.
✅The case of Chennai should be a reminder and evidence of the statement made in the Sixth Assessment Report by the IPCC that “unpredictability of climate moods is the only predictable truth”.
#disaster_management
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅ Why in News: Tamil Nadu is reeling under the fury of the northeast monsoon with heavy floods forcing a near shutdown in Chennai and fears over the floods of the scale it experienced in 2015.
▪️What is the similarity between the events leading to the 2015 floods and the current northeast monsoon?
✅Filling up of reservoirs.
✅Clogging up of drains preventing the percolation of rainwater.
✅ A low depression across the Bay of Bengal.
✅Heavy rainfall : The city received 399 millimetres rainfall in five days in 2015 while this year it recorded 200 mm in one night.
▪️What reasons were attributed for the present situation?
✅ An extreme weather event has been pointed out as the major cause for Chennai flood.
✅ Tamil Nadu’s coastal districts get 60% of the annual rainfall and the interior districts get about 40-50% of the annual rainfall from the North East monsoon.
✅Inadequate and unscientific construction of stormwater drains : For instance, a SWD project came under criticism as it was constructed on the seaward side of the East Coast Road, where the easy natural percolation of water prevents the need for artificial systems.
✅ Encroachment of water bodies : Pallikaranai wetland is where residential colonies, institutional areas and even a large garbage dump have been built.
✅Over 300 lakes, tanks and canals have disappeared in the past decades and, according to the administration, over 1.5 lakh illegal constructions choke the cityscape.
✅ Poor reservoir management : Absence of desiliting of reservoirs, por water management, etc. added to the cause
✅ Unplanned growth of the city : For instance, the shopping hub of T Nagar was built on a lake bed and the city airport came up on the floodplains of Adyar.
✅ A mass rapid transport system has severely restricted the flow in Buckingham Canal, which was designed also as a protective barrier against floods and sea ingress.
▪️What efforts have been taken?
✅Preparedness : IMD has issued recurrent alerts and its early forecast warning has significantly reduced the losses unlike 2015 floods when over 400 people died.
✅The corporation seems to have revised the 2017 City Disaster Management Plan and posted an improved version as the City Disaster Management Perspective Plan (CDMPP) 2021.
✅ Efforts of Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC) : GCC has been more proactive than the responses during the 2015 floods.
✅Contact details have been posted in GCC website to allow access to information and responses rather than solely depending on Rippon building (GCC office).
✅A flood grievance redress mechanism has been established by GCC
✅Leadership : Both the chief minister and GCC Commissioner have been taking stock of the situation from ground-zero as well as reaching out to vulnerable communities in distress.
✅Relief : Over a hundred relief centres in 15 risk zones for sheltering affected people as well as rendering immediate rescue and relief services are provided.
✅All schools under GCC are being opened for accommodating flood-affected people.
✅ Rescue boats are kept on standby at all risk zones and NDRF teams have been deployed for the rescue operations.
✅Food and medical supplies are being arranged and several community kitchens have been made operational.
▪️What has to be done to reduce the losses from such events in the future?
✅Chennai will have to reclaim at least a part of its lost water spaces and preserve whatever is left in order to better withstand the extremities of climate-change-induced weather events.
✅ The State Government should look for durable solutions to the city’s long-standing woes and executing them in a short span of time.
✅The people should be responsible enough in ensuring that the waterbodies and drains are not turned into dumps.
✅The case of Chennai should be a reminder and evidence of the statement made in the Sixth Assessment Report by the IPCC that “unpredictability of climate moods is the only predictable truth”.
#disaster_management
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
PLASTIC RUST
◾️ Plastic rust, a form of plastic pollution never-before-seen on Earth’s coastlines, was found on shoreline rocks in Madeira, Portugal.
◾️ Plastic Rust is a layer of plastic encrusted onto ocean rocks.
◾️ In 2016, researchers first observed blue and grey plastic patches on Madeira.
◾️ The single patch discovered three years ago now covers 10 percent of its shore.
◾️ The artificial crust is replacing natural crusts and films, making it difficult for barnacles and snails to adhere to their preferred habitat.
◾️ The snails may be unknowingly ingesting plastic as they feed on algae perched on the plastic rust.
◾️ Plastic rust, a form of plastic pollution never-before-seen on Earth’s coastlines, was found on shoreline rocks in Madeira, Portugal.
◾️ Plastic Rust is a layer of plastic encrusted onto ocean rocks.
◾️ In 2016, researchers first observed blue and grey plastic patches on Madeira.
◾️ The single patch discovered three years ago now covers 10 percent of its shore.
◾️ The artificial crust is replacing natural crusts and films, making it difficult for barnacles and snails to adhere to their preferred habitat.
◾️ The snails may be unknowingly ingesting plastic as they feed on algae perched on the plastic rust.
VALMIKI NATIONAL PARK
◾️ Valmiki National Park, Tiger Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary is located at the India-Nepal border in the West Champaran district of Bihar, India on the bank of river Gandak.
◾️ It is the only National park in Bihar. The extensive forest area of Valmikinagar (formally known as BHAINSA LOTAN) was previously owned by the Bettiah Raj and Ramanagar Raj until the early 1950s.
◾️ Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) is one of the natural virgin recesses in east India, situated in the north west corner of Bihar.
◾️ The pristine forest and wilderness of VTR is an excellent example of Himalayan Terai landscape. VTR comprises the Valmiki National Park and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary.
◾️ Valmiki National Park, Tiger Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary is located at the India-Nepal border in the West Champaran district of Bihar, India on the bank of river Gandak.
◾️ It is the only National park in Bihar. The extensive forest area of Valmikinagar (formally known as BHAINSA LOTAN) was previously owned by the Bettiah Raj and Ramanagar Raj until the early 1950s.
◾️ Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) is one of the natural virgin recesses in east India, situated in the north west corner of Bihar.
◾️ The pristine forest and wilderness of VTR is an excellent example of Himalayan Terai landscape. VTR comprises the Valmiki National Park and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary.
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
◾️ It is a colour less, odour less gas that is produced by thein complete burning of carbon-based fuels including petrol, diesel, and wood.
◾️ It is also produced from the combustion of natural and synthetic products such as cigarettes.
◾️ It lowers the amount of oxygen that enters our blood.
◾️ It can slow our reflexes and make us confused and sleepy.
◾️ It is a colour less, odour less gas that is produced by thein complete burning of carbon-based fuels including petrol, diesel, and wood.
◾️ It is also produced from the combustion of natural and synthetic products such as cigarettes.
◾️ It lowers the amount of oxygen that enters our blood.
◾️ It can slow our reflexes and make us confused and sleepy.
Sri Ramanujacharya.png
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Sri Ramanujacharya
👉 YiN: PM Narendra Nodi is all set to unveil the world’s second-largest statue (Statue of Equality) in Hyderabad on February 5. The 216-foot-tall statue of 11nth-century social reformer and saint, Ramanujacharya will be in a sitting position.
#Current_Affairs
#Art_Culture
#Important_Personalities
👉 YiN: PM Narendra Nodi is all set to unveil the world’s second-largest statue (Statue of Equality) in Hyderabad on February 5. The 216-foot-tall statue of 11nth-century social reformer and saint, Ramanujacharya will be in a sitting position.
#Current_Affairs
#Art_Culture
#Important_Personalities
🔆IVC Main features
Harappa:
✅Coffin burial
✅Granary outside the fort
✅Phallus worship evidence
✅Mother goddess
✅Workmen's quarters
Kalibangan:
✅Lower fortified town Fire Altar
✅Boustrophedon style
✅Wooden drainage
✅Copper ox
✅Evidence of earthquake
✅Wooden plough
✅Camel's bone
Lothal:
✅Port Town
✅Evidence of Rice
✅Graveyard
✅Ivory weight balance
✅Double burial Copper dog
Chanhudaro:
✅Bead making and Bangle factory
✅Ink pot
✅Only city without citadel
✅Carts with seated driver
Banawali:
✅Oval shaped settlement
✅Only city with radial streets
✅Largest number of barley grains
#quick_revision
#PT
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_prelims_facts
Harappa:
✅Coffin burial
✅Granary outside the fort
✅Phallus worship evidence
✅Mother goddess
✅Workmen's quarters
Kalibangan:
✅Lower fortified town Fire Altar
✅Boustrophedon style
✅Wooden drainage
✅Copper ox
✅Evidence of earthquake
✅Wooden plough
✅Camel's bone
Lothal:
✅Port Town
✅Evidence of Rice
✅Graveyard
✅Ivory weight balance
✅Double burial Copper dog
Chanhudaro:
✅Bead making and Bangle factory
✅Ink pot
✅Only city without citadel
✅Carts with seated driver
Banawali:
✅Oval shaped settlement
✅Only city with radial streets
✅Largest number of barley grains
#quick_revision
#PT
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_prelims_facts
🔆Major Administrative Reforms by the govt
✅Why in NEWS: In a written reply to a question in the Rajya Sabha, the Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions stated various administrative reforms brought by the government, to encourage greater efficiency, to transparency and create corruption free governance by increasing accountability and reduce scope for discretion.
▪️Reforms Initiated
✅Launch of Mission Karmayogi – National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB), a new national architecture for civil services capacity building has been launched which aims at capacity building apparatus at individual, institutional and process levels for efficient public service delivery.
✅e-Samiksha – A real time online system for monitoring and follow-up action on the decisions taken by the Government at the Apex level in respect of implementation of important Government programmes / projects. It has been developed by Cabinet secretariat with the technical help from National Informatics Centre(NIC)
✅e-Office- e-Office Mission Mode Project (MMP) : has been strengthened for enabling Ministries/ Departments to switchover to paperless office and efficient decision-making
✅Self-certification of documents for appointments : From June 2016, recruiting agencies issue provisional appointment letters based on submission of self-certified documents by the candidates.
✅Discontinuation of interview in recruitment of junior level posts : From January 2016, interview has been dispensed with for recruitment to all Group ‘C’, Group ‘B’ (Non-Gazetted posts) and other equivalent posts.
✅Citizen Charters : Government has mandated Citizen Charters for all Ministries/Departments which are updated and reviewed on a regular basis. The Citizen Charters of Central Government Departments are available at the respective web-sites of Ministries/Departments.
✅Good Governance Index : Index was launched, which assesses the Status of Governance and impact of various interventions taken up by the State Government and Union Territories (UTs).
✅National Conference on
e-Governance : provides a platform for government to engage with experts, intellectuals from industry and academic institutions to exchange experiences relating to e-Governance initiatives.
✅Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) : The Government is undertaking CPGRAMS reforms in the top grievance receiving Ministries/ Departments by enabling questionnaire guided registration process and providing for automatic forwarding of grievances to field level functionaries thereby reducing the redress time.
#Governance
#mains
#prelims
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✅Why in NEWS: In a written reply to a question in the Rajya Sabha, the Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions stated various administrative reforms brought by the government, to encourage greater efficiency, to transparency and create corruption free governance by increasing accountability and reduce scope for discretion.
▪️Reforms Initiated
✅Launch of Mission Karmayogi – National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB), a new national architecture for civil services capacity building has been launched which aims at capacity building apparatus at individual, institutional and process levels for efficient public service delivery.
✅e-Samiksha – A real time online system for monitoring and follow-up action on the decisions taken by the Government at the Apex level in respect of implementation of important Government programmes / projects. It has been developed by Cabinet secretariat with the technical help from National Informatics Centre(NIC)
✅e-Office- e-Office Mission Mode Project (MMP) : has been strengthened for enabling Ministries/ Departments to switchover to paperless office and efficient decision-making
✅Self-certification of documents for appointments : From June 2016, recruiting agencies issue provisional appointment letters based on submission of self-certified documents by the candidates.
✅Discontinuation of interview in recruitment of junior level posts : From January 2016, interview has been dispensed with for recruitment to all Group ‘C’, Group ‘B’ (Non-Gazetted posts) and other equivalent posts.
✅Citizen Charters : Government has mandated Citizen Charters for all Ministries/Departments which are updated and reviewed on a regular basis. The Citizen Charters of Central Government Departments are available at the respective web-sites of Ministries/Departments.
✅Good Governance Index : Index was launched, which assesses the Status of Governance and impact of various interventions taken up by the State Government and Union Territories (UTs).
✅National Conference on
e-Governance : provides a platform for government to engage with experts, intellectuals from industry and academic institutions to exchange experiences relating to e-Governance initiatives.
✅Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) : The Government is undertaking CPGRAMS reforms in the top grievance receiving Ministries/ Departments by enabling questionnaire guided registration process and providing for automatic forwarding of grievances to field level functionaries thereby reducing the redress time.
#Governance
#mains
#prelims
Join @CSE_EXAM
🔆Qualifications for CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES:
1) No Qualification mentioned in the constitution : EC, Natl Commission for SC, ST & BC, Special officer for linguistic minorities
2) UPSC/SPSC/JPSC : Half members should have served under the govt. for at last 10 years
3) FC
(a) Chairman : experience in public affairs
(b) Other 4 members:
1 judge of HC or qualified to be appointed as one
2 - knowledge of finance & account of the govt.
3 - experience in financial matters and in administration
4 - knowledge of economics
4) AGI : should be qualified to be appointed as SC judge
5) AGS : should be qualified to be appointed as HC judge
#quick_revision
#PT
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_prelims_facts
1) No Qualification mentioned in the constitution : EC, Natl Commission for SC, ST & BC, Special officer for linguistic minorities
2) UPSC/SPSC/JPSC : Half members should have served under the govt. for at last 10 years
3) FC
(a) Chairman : experience in public affairs
(b) Other 4 members:
1 judge of HC or qualified to be appointed as one
2 - knowledge of finance & account of the govt.
3 - experience in financial matters and in administration
4 - knowledge of economics
4) AGI : should be qualified to be appointed as SC judge
5) AGS : should be qualified to be appointed as HC judge
#quick_revision
#PT
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_prelims_facts
Other bodies.pdf
134.4 KB
💡 Mandar Patki (CSE 2019 RANK 22 ) others bodies NOTES
#Topper_Notes
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Handwritten_notes1
#Topper_Notes
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Handwritten_notes1
Constitutional bodies.pdf
155.9 KB
💡 Mandar Patki (CSE 2019 RANK 22 ) constitutional bodies NOTES
statutory bodies.pdf
394.6 KB
💡 Mandar Patki (CSE 2019 RANK 22 ) statutory bodies NOTES
#Topper_Notes
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Handwritten_notes1
#Topper_Notes
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Handwritten_notes1
OnlyIAS Important judgements for Prelim and Mains.pdf
1.2 MB
This document is very important for value addition in mains and direct question can be asked in Prelims also.
🔆Some Festivals
▪️Aranmula Boat Race Festival
✅ It is the oldest river boat festival in Kerala, held during Onam.
✅ It takes place at Aranmula (situated on the banks of the river Pampa), near a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna and Arjuna.
✅ Palliyodams (snakeboats) are used in race.
✅ Only men of the village are allowed to be in the boat.
▪️Lag B’Omer
✅It is an annual Jewish festival observed during Hebrew month of Iyar.
✅ It is celebrated on 33rd day of the Omer, the 49-day period between Passover & Shavuot (festivals) and is the only day during this period when celebration is permitted.
✅Jews schedule weddings on this day & young boys are brought here for the first hair cut.
▪️Wanchuwa
✅ This festival is celebrated by Tiwa tribesmen to mark their good harvest.
✅ It comes with songs, dances, a bunch of rituals and people clad in their native attires.
✅Tiwa, also known as Lalung, is an indigenous community inhabiting the states of Assam and Meghalaya and are also found in some parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur.
✅ They are recognized as Scheduled tribe within the state of Assam.
✅ They practice Jhum or shifting cultivation.
▪️Poson Poya
✅ It is an annual festival held by Sri Lankan Buddhists celebrating the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BC.
✅The focal point of the religious festival is the Buddhist monastic complex on the mountain of Mihintale, where Arahath Mahinda Thero preached Buddhism to one of the kings of Sri Lanka.
▪️Raja Praba
✅ This is a three-day-long festival of Odisha, dedicated to Mother Earth (Bhuma Devi) and womanhood at large.
✅ This festival is also associated with the end of summer season and the arrival of monsoon.
▪️Bhumi Panduga
✅ These are celebrations marking the beginning of farm operations every year.
✅Celebrated by Koya tribes in Andhra Pradesh.
✅ For men, hunting is mandatory as part of the festival. The catch is distributed among all the families in the hamlet equally during a feast every evening.
#quick_revision
#PT
▪️Aranmula Boat Race Festival
✅ It is the oldest river boat festival in Kerala, held during Onam.
✅ It takes place at Aranmula (situated on the banks of the river Pampa), near a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna and Arjuna.
✅ Palliyodams (snakeboats) are used in race.
✅ Only men of the village are allowed to be in the boat.
▪️Lag B’Omer
✅It is an annual Jewish festival observed during Hebrew month of Iyar.
✅ It is celebrated on 33rd day of the Omer, the 49-day period between Passover & Shavuot (festivals) and is the only day during this period when celebration is permitted.
✅Jews schedule weddings on this day & young boys are brought here for the first hair cut.
▪️Wanchuwa
✅ This festival is celebrated by Tiwa tribesmen to mark their good harvest.
✅ It comes with songs, dances, a bunch of rituals and people clad in their native attires.
✅Tiwa, also known as Lalung, is an indigenous community inhabiting the states of Assam and Meghalaya and are also found in some parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur.
✅ They are recognized as Scheduled tribe within the state of Assam.
✅ They practice Jhum or shifting cultivation.
▪️Poson Poya
✅ It is an annual festival held by Sri Lankan Buddhists celebrating the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BC.
✅The focal point of the religious festival is the Buddhist monastic complex on the mountain of Mihintale, where Arahath Mahinda Thero preached Buddhism to one of the kings of Sri Lanka.
▪️Raja Praba
✅ This is a three-day-long festival of Odisha, dedicated to Mother Earth (Bhuma Devi) and womanhood at large.
✅ This festival is also associated with the end of summer season and the arrival of monsoon.
▪️Bhumi Panduga
✅ These are celebrations marking the beginning of farm operations every year.
✅Celebrated by Koya tribes in Andhra Pradesh.
✅ For men, hunting is mandatory as part of the festival. The catch is distributed among all the families in the hamlet equally during a feast every evening.
#quick_revision
#PT
🔆List of Constitutional Bodies in India with articles
✅Attorney General of India=76
✅Comptroller and Auditor General of India=148
✅Advocate General of State=165
✅State Finance Commission=243-I
✅State Election Commission=243-K
✅District Planning Committee=243ZD
✅Metropolitan Planning Committee=243ZE
✅Inter-State Council=263
✅Finance Commission=280
✅Goods and Service Tax Council=279A
✅UPSC Public Service Commission=315-323
✅State Public Service Commission=315-323
✅Election Commission of India=324
✅National Commission for Scheduled Castes=338
✅National Commission for Scheduled Tribes=338A
✅National Commission for Backward Classes[=338B
✅Scheduled Area and Scheduled Tribes Commission=339
✅Backward Classes Commission=340
✅Official Language Commission and Official Language Committee of Parliament=344
✅Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities=350B
#quick_revision
#PT
✅Attorney General of India=76
✅Comptroller and Auditor General of India=148
✅Advocate General of State=165
✅State Finance Commission=243-I
✅State Election Commission=243-K
✅District Planning Committee=243ZD
✅Metropolitan Planning Committee=243ZE
✅Inter-State Council=263
✅Finance Commission=280
✅Goods and Service Tax Council=279A
✅UPSC Public Service Commission=315-323
✅State Public Service Commission=315-323
✅Election Commission of India=324
✅National Commission for Scheduled Castes=338
✅National Commission for Scheduled Tribes=338A
✅National Commission for Backward Classes[=338B
✅Scheduled Area and Scheduled Tribes Commission=339
✅Backward Classes Commission=340
✅Official Language Commission and Official Language Committee of Parliament=344
✅Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities=350B
#quick_revision
#PT