GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 9, 1397)
The young researcher's conclusions flew in the face of established scientific knowledge; she
therefore stated her findings (i) __ in her paper. Despite her confidence in her theories, she wanted to avoid accusations of (ii) ___ that might come from more seasoned academics, and determined that she could forgo recognition for the time being. Once her ideas were corroborated by additional experimentation, she would receive her due (iii) ____.
Blank (i)
A. eruditely
B. facetiously
C. diffidently
Blank (ii)
D. brazenness
E. ineptitude
F. deference
Blank (iii)
G. compensation
H. diligence
I. kudos
@ibtil
Answer: C/D/I
@GRE_Borzabadi
The young researcher's conclusions flew in the face of established scientific knowledge; she
therefore stated her findings (i) __ in her paper. Despite her confidence in her theories, she wanted to avoid accusations of (ii) ___ that might come from more seasoned academics, and determined that she could forgo recognition for the time being. Once her ideas were corroborated by additional experimentation, she would receive her due (iii) ____.
Blank (i)
A. eruditely
B. facetiously
C. diffidently
Blank (ii)
D. brazenness
E. ineptitude
F. deference
Blank (iii)
G. compensation
H. diligence
I. kudos
@ibtil
Answer: C/D/I
@GRE_Borzabadi
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
IELTS Reading Practice: Music
What is music?
1 Music has probably existed for as long as man has been human, and it certainly predates civilization by tens of millenia. Yet even today there is no clear definition of exactly what music is. For example, birdsong is certainly melodic, but it is not tuneful, and it is not created with the intention of being musical (in fact it is sometimes meant to sound threatening) – therefore does it count as music?
2 On the other hand, some modern composers have been challenging the idea that music should be arranged in a pleasant manner with the notes falling in an orderly succession. Others, famously the avant guarde composer John Cage have even used silence and called the result music. As a result there is no one definition of music. Perhaps it should be said that music, like beauty, is what the person who sees or hears it believes it to be.
3 Music is divided in many ways. Music itself is split into notes, clefts, quavers, and semi-demi quavers. Ancient and medieval musicologists believed that these notes could be arranged ‘horizontally’ into melody (making notes that match on the same scale) and ‘vertically’ (going up and down the scales to create harmony). Another very basic measurement of music is the ‘pulse’. This is present in almost all forms of music, and is particularly strong in modern popular music. The pulse is the regular beat which runs through a tune. When you tap your foot or clap your hands in time to a song, you are beating out the pulse of that song.
4 Another way of dividing music is by genre. Even a child who does not know that (for example) rock and roll and classical music are different genres will be instantly aware that these are very different sounds; though he will not be aware that one is a percussion-led melody while the other emphasizes harmony over rhythm and timbre. Each genre of music has numerous sub-divisions. Classical music is divided by type – for example symphonies, concertos and operas, and by sub-genre, for example baroque and Gregorian chant. Just to make it more fun, modern musicians have also been experimenting with crossover music, so that we get Beatles tunes played by classical orchestras, and groups like Queen using operatic themes in songs such as ‘Bohemian rhapsody’.
5 Almost all music is a collaboration between the composer, and the performer, while song requires a lyricist to write the words as well. Sometimes old tunes are adapted for new lyrics – for example the song ‘Happy Birthday’ is based on a tune originally called ‘Have a nice Day’. At other times a performer might produce a song in a manner which the original composer would not recognize. (A famous example is the punk rock band the Sex Pistols performing the British national anthem ‘God save the Queen’.)
6 This is because the composer and lyricist have to leave the performer some freedom to perform in the way that suits him or her best. While many classical compositions have notes stressing how a piece should be performed (for example a piece played ‘con brio’ should be light and lively) in the end, what the listener hears is the work of the performer. Jazz music has fully accepted this, and jazz performers are not only expected to put their own interpretation on a piece, but are expected to play even the same piece with some variation every time.
7 Many studies of music do not take into account where the music is to be played and who the audience will be. This is a major mistake, as the audience is very much a part of the musical experience. Any jazz fan will tell you that jazz is best experienced in small smoky bars some time after midnight, while a classical fan will spend time and money making sure that the music on his stereo comes as close as possible to the sound in a large concert hall. Some music, such as dance music, is designed to be interactive, while other music is designed to remain in the background, smoothing out harsh sounds and creating a mood. This is often the case with cinema music – this powerfully changes
What is music?
1 Music has probably existed for as long as man has been human, and it certainly predates civilization by tens of millenia. Yet even today there is no clear definition of exactly what music is. For example, birdsong is certainly melodic, but it is not tuneful, and it is not created with the intention of being musical (in fact it is sometimes meant to sound threatening) – therefore does it count as music?
2 On the other hand, some modern composers have been challenging the idea that music should be arranged in a pleasant manner with the notes falling in an orderly succession. Others, famously the avant guarde composer John Cage have even used silence and called the result music. As a result there is no one definition of music. Perhaps it should be said that music, like beauty, is what the person who sees or hears it believes it to be.
3 Music is divided in many ways. Music itself is split into notes, clefts, quavers, and semi-demi quavers. Ancient and medieval musicologists believed that these notes could be arranged ‘horizontally’ into melody (making notes that match on the same scale) and ‘vertically’ (going up and down the scales to create harmony). Another very basic measurement of music is the ‘pulse’. This is present in almost all forms of music, and is particularly strong in modern popular music. The pulse is the regular beat which runs through a tune. When you tap your foot or clap your hands in time to a song, you are beating out the pulse of that song.
4 Another way of dividing music is by genre. Even a child who does not know that (for example) rock and roll and classical music are different genres will be instantly aware that these are very different sounds; though he will not be aware that one is a percussion-led melody while the other emphasizes harmony over rhythm and timbre. Each genre of music has numerous sub-divisions. Classical music is divided by type – for example symphonies, concertos and operas, and by sub-genre, for example baroque and Gregorian chant. Just to make it more fun, modern musicians have also been experimenting with crossover music, so that we get Beatles tunes played by classical orchestras, and groups like Queen using operatic themes in songs such as ‘Bohemian rhapsody’.
5 Almost all music is a collaboration between the composer, and the performer, while song requires a lyricist to write the words as well. Sometimes old tunes are adapted for new lyrics – for example the song ‘Happy Birthday’ is based on a tune originally called ‘Have a nice Day’. At other times a performer might produce a song in a manner which the original composer would not recognize. (A famous example is the punk rock band the Sex Pistols performing the British national anthem ‘God save the Queen’.)
6 This is because the composer and lyricist have to leave the performer some freedom to perform in the way that suits him or her best. While many classical compositions have notes stressing how a piece should be performed (for example a piece played ‘con brio’ should be light and lively) in the end, what the listener hears is the work of the performer. Jazz music has fully accepted this, and jazz performers are not only expected to put their own interpretation on a piece, but are expected to play even the same piece with some variation every time.
7 Many studies of music do not take into account where the music is to be played and who the audience will be. This is a major mistake, as the audience is very much a part of the musical experience. Any jazz fan will tell you that jazz is best experienced in small smoky bars some time after midnight, while a classical fan will spend time and money making sure that the music on his stereo comes as close as possible to the sound in a large concert hall. Some music, such as dance music, is designed to be interactive, while other music is designed to remain in the background, smoothing out harsh sounds and creating a mood. This is often the case with cinema music – this powerfully changes
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
the mood of the audience, yet remains so much in the background that many cinemagoers are unaware that the music is actually playing.
8 Music is very much a part of human existence, and we are fortunate today in having music of whatever kind we choose instantly available at the touch of a button. Yet spare a thought for those who still cannot take advantage of this bounty. This includes not only the deaf, but those people who are somehow unable to understand or recognize music when they hear it. A famous example is United President Ulysses Grant, who famously said ‘I can recognise two tunes. One is ‘Yankee doodle’ and the other one isn’t.’
8 Music is very much a part of human existence, and we are fortunate today in having music of whatever kind we choose instantly available at the touch of a button. Yet spare a thought for those who still cannot take advantage of this bounty. This includes not only the deaf, but those people who are somehow unable to understand or recognize music when they hear it. A famous example is United President Ulysses Grant, who famously said ‘I can recognise two tunes. One is ‘Yankee doodle’ and the other one isn’t.’
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
Questions 1 – 3
Choose which of these sentences is closest to the meaning in the text.
Write A, B or C in your answer sheet (1-3)
A) Modern composers do not always want their music to sound pleasant
B) Some modern composers do not want their music to be enjoyable
C) A modern musical composition should not be orderly2.
A) Crossover music is when classical orchestras play modern tunes
B) Crossover music moves between musical genres
C) Crossover music is a modern musical genre
3.
A) Performers, lyricists and composers each have a separate function
B) Performers of a song will need to become lyricists
C) Composers instruct musicians to play their work ‘con brio’.
Choose which of these sentences is closest to the meaning in the text.
Write A, B or C in your answer sheet (1-3)
A) Modern composers do not always want their music to sound pleasant
B) Some modern composers do not want their music to be enjoyable
C) A modern musical composition should not be orderly2.
A) Crossover music is when classical orchestras play modern tunes
B) Crossover music moves between musical genres
C) Crossover music is a modern musical genre
3.
A) Performers, lyricists and composers each have a separate function
B) Performers of a song will need to become lyricists
C) Composers instruct musicians to play their work ‘con brio’.
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
Questions 4 – 7
Match the follwowing groups of words(4-7) with one of the words in the box opposite(A- F).
NB. There are more workds in the right column than you need.
4. Rock and roll, classical music, jazz
5. Composer, lyricist, performer
6. Symphony, concerto, opera
7. Cinemagoer, Jazz fan, dancer
A. Collaborators
B. John Cage
C. Classical
D. Baroque
E. Audience
F. Genres
Match the follwowing groups of words(4-7) with one of the words in the box opposite(A- F).
NB. There are more workds in the right column than you need.
4. Rock and roll, classical music, jazz
5. Composer, lyricist, performer
6. Symphony, concerto, opera
7. Cinemagoer, Jazz fan, dancer
A. Collaborators
B. John Cage
C. Classical
D. Baroque
E. Audience
F. Genres
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
Questions 8- 12
The reading passage has 8 paragraphs which are numbered A-H.
On your answer sheet write the letter of the paragraph which contains the following information (You can choose a paragraph more than once).
People can tell genres of music apart even without musical training.
9. Where you hear music can be as important as the skill of the performer.
10. Music has been a part of human existence for many thousands of years.
11. A piece of music might have more than one set of words to go with it.
12. Some people cannot tell the difference between classical music and birdsong.
The reading passage has 8 paragraphs which are numbered A-H.
On your answer sheet write the letter of the paragraph which contains the following information (You can choose a paragraph more than once).
People can tell genres of music apart even without musical training.
9. Where you hear music can be as important as the skill of the performer.
10. Music has been a part of human existence for many thousands of years.
11. A piece of music might have more than one set of words to go with it.
12. Some people cannot tell the difference between classical music and birdsong.
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
Answer key:
1. A (Modern composers do not always want their music to sound pleasant)
2. B (Crossover music moves between musical genres)
3. A (Performers, lyricists and composers each have a separate function)
4. F
5. A
6. C
7. E
8. D
9. G
10. A
11. E
12. H
1. A (Modern composers do not always want their music to sound pleasant)
2. B (Crossover music moves between musical genres)
3. A (Performers, lyricists and composers each have a separate function)
4. F
5. A
6. C
7. E
8. D
9. G
10. A
11. E
12. H
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 10, 1397)
SELECT TWO ANSWER CHOICES.
His premiership, seemingly cast-iron a year ago, is now so vulnerable that even a good day at the office does no more than buy him a few weeks of ___ from rebels within his own party.
A. controversy
B. reproach
C. respite
D. relief
E. censure
F. deference
@ibtil
Answer: C/D
@GRE_Borzabadi
SELECT TWO ANSWER CHOICES.
His premiership, seemingly cast-iron a year ago, is now so vulnerable that even a good day at the office does no more than buy him a few weeks of ___ from rebels within his own party.
A. controversy
B. reproach
C. respite
D. relief
E. censure
F. deference
@ibtil
Answer: C/D
@GRE_Borzabadi
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 12, 1397)
The (i) __ child approached the diving board; (ii) _ water in the first place, he found the prospect of jumping into it from some height even more frightening.
Blank (i)
A. tremulous
B. coltish
C. cumbersome
Blank (ii)
D. beguiled by
E. chary of
F. repulsed by
@ibtil
Answer: A/E
@GRE_Borzabadi
The (i) __ child approached the diving board; (ii) _ water in the first place, he found the prospect of jumping into it from some height even more frightening.
Blank (i)
A. tremulous
B. coltish
C. cumbersome
Blank (ii)
D. beguiled by
E. chary of
F. repulsed by
@ibtil
Answer: A/E
@GRE_Borzabadi
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 13, 1397)
The insecticide proved (i) ___ ; by killing the weak adults of a species, it assured that the strong ones would mate among themselves and produce offspring still more (ii) ___ to its effects.
Blank (i)
A. ruthless
B. counterproductive
C. ineluctable
Blank (ii)
D. rancorous
E. vulnerable
F. resistant
@ibtil
Answer: B/F
@GRE_Borzabadi
The insecticide proved (i) ___ ; by killing the weak adults of a species, it assured that the strong ones would mate among themselves and produce offspring still more (ii) ___ to its effects.
Blank (i)
A. ruthless
B. counterproductive
C. ineluctable
Blank (ii)
D. rancorous
E. vulnerable
F. resistant
@ibtil
Answer: B/F
@GRE_Borzabadi
نمونه سوالات آزمون های اخیر تافل
با توجه به امکان تکرار یا مشابه بودن سوالات در آزمون های بعدی، توصیه می کنیم این سوالات را مطالعه نمایید:
#TOEFL iBT #Speaking and #Writing Topics
Exam Date: May 26, 2018
@ibtil
Speaking Task 1:
One of your friend decided to study more course s in order to graduate one year earlier. Do you agree or not agree?
Speaking Task 2:
Your university decided to allow local communities to attend the classes on campus; they could enter into the class but can't ask questions and don't have assignments. Do you agree or not agree?
@aalaeeTOEFLiBT
Writing Task 2:
At work or school, you might encounter a problem that requires creativity -for example, you are given a task to complete that is very different from other tasks you do. In work or school situation that requires you to think creatively, would you prefer to work alone or with others? Why?
@ibtil
با توجه به امکان تکرار یا مشابه بودن سوالات در آزمون های بعدی، توصیه می کنیم این سوالات را مطالعه نمایید:
#TOEFL iBT #Speaking and #Writing Topics
Exam Date: May 26, 2018
@ibtil
Speaking Task 1:
One of your friend decided to study more course s in order to graduate one year earlier. Do you agree or not agree?
Speaking Task 2:
Your university decided to allow local communities to attend the classes on campus; they could enter into the class but can't ask questions and don't have assignments. Do you agree or not agree?
@aalaeeTOEFLiBT
Writing Task 2:
At work or school, you might encounter a problem that requires creativity -for example, you are given a task to complete that is very different from other tasks you do. In work or school situation that requires you to think creatively, would you prefer to work alone or with others? Why?
@ibtil
#نمونه سوالات آزمون های اخیر #تافل
📣 سوالات تافل اینترنتی June 2, 2018
🔹هر هفته چند سری آزمون در کشور ها و سنتر های مختلف برگزار می شود. اطلاع از سوالات هر هفته به شما کمک می کند با موضوعات اخیر آشنا شوید.
🔷نکته مهم: به علت برگزاری چند سری آزمون در یک هفته، ممکن است تعدادی از داوطلبان با سوالات دیگری در آزمون خود مواجه شده باشند.
با توجه به امکان تکرار یا مشابه بودن سوالات در آزمون های بعدی، توصیه این سوالات را مطالعه نمایید:
#TOEFL iBT #Speaking and #Writing Topics
🔹Exam Date: June 2, 2018
@aalaeeTOEFLiBT
🔹Speaking Task 1:
The university decides to only release online version of textbooks. Discuss disadvantages and advantages of this change.
🔹Speaking Task 2:
Some professors prefer to answer students' questions at the end of the lecture, and others stop at different points to answer students' questions. Which style do you think is better for learning?
@ibtil
🔹Writing Task 2:
For schools, assessing teachers’ teaching efficiency is a very important issue. But is it better for other teachers to assess or let students assess teachers?
🔹Reading Passage 1
Topic: Groundwater depletion
Vocabulary Questions
Sufficiently : adequately
Common: widespread
Sustain: support
Divert: redirect
🔹Reading Passage 2
Topic: Greek City States: Spartans and Athenians
Vocabulary Questions
Stringent: strict
Alter: change
Inaugurating: starting
🔹Reading Passage 3
@aalaeeTOEFLiBT
Topic: Tool Use in Monkeys
Vocabulary Questions
Persistently: for a long time
Diverse: a variety of
Impressive: remarkable
🔹Reading Passage 4
Topic: United States Interstate Highway Systems
Vocabulary Questions
Hasten: speed up
Integrate: combine
@ibtil
📣 سوالات تافل اینترنتی June 2, 2018
🔹هر هفته چند سری آزمون در کشور ها و سنتر های مختلف برگزار می شود. اطلاع از سوالات هر هفته به شما کمک می کند با موضوعات اخیر آشنا شوید.
🔷نکته مهم: به علت برگزاری چند سری آزمون در یک هفته، ممکن است تعدادی از داوطلبان با سوالات دیگری در آزمون خود مواجه شده باشند.
با توجه به امکان تکرار یا مشابه بودن سوالات در آزمون های بعدی، توصیه این سوالات را مطالعه نمایید:
#TOEFL iBT #Speaking and #Writing Topics
🔹Exam Date: June 2, 2018
@aalaeeTOEFLiBT
🔹Speaking Task 1:
The university decides to only release online version of textbooks. Discuss disadvantages and advantages of this change.
🔹Speaking Task 2:
Some professors prefer to answer students' questions at the end of the lecture, and others stop at different points to answer students' questions. Which style do you think is better for learning?
@ibtil
🔹Writing Task 2:
For schools, assessing teachers’ teaching efficiency is a very important issue. But is it better for other teachers to assess or let students assess teachers?
🔹Reading Passage 1
Topic: Groundwater depletion
Vocabulary Questions
Sufficiently : adequately
Common: widespread
Sustain: support
Divert: redirect
🔹Reading Passage 2
Topic: Greek City States: Spartans and Athenians
Vocabulary Questions
Stringent: strict
Alter: change
Inaugurating: starting
🔹Reading Passage 3
@aalaeeTOEFLiBT
Topic: Tool Use in Monkeys
Vocabulary Questions
Persistently: for a long time
Diverse: a variety of
Impressive: remarkable
🔹Reading Passage 4
Topic: United States Interstate Highway Systems
Vocabulary Questions
Hasten: speed up
Integrate: combine
@ibtil
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 14, 1397)
It is part of human nature to resist change and (i) _____ new ideas. This fact is evidenced in many teachers' (ii) ______ adherence to archaic methodologies, which makes educational reform difficult to enact. Until some (iii) ______ teachers and administrators begin to welcome new classroom techniques, the attempts of the current administration at modifying the system will be ineffective.
Blank (i)
A. eschew
B. aver
C. covet
Blank (ii)
D. inept
E. partisan
F. dogged
Blank (iii)
G. sagacious
H. superfluous
I. obstinate
@ibtil
Answer: A/F/G
@GRE_Borzabadi
It is part of human nature to resist change and (i) _____ new ideas. This fact is evidenced in many teachers' (ii) ______ adherence to archaic methodologies, which makes educational reform difficult to enact. Until some (iii) ______ teachers and administrators begin to welcome new classroom techniques, the attempts of the current administration at modifying the system will be ineffective.
Blank (i)
A. eschew
B. aver
C. covet
Blank (ii)
D. inept
E. partisan
F. dogged
Blank (iii)
G. sagacious
H. superfluous
I. obstinate
@ibtil
Answer: A/F/G
@GRE_Borzabadi
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
Forwarded from ibtil_ IELTS (Bahram Modaberi)
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 16, 1397)
In contemporary usage, continents are understood to be large, continuous, ____________ masses of land, for they are almost always separated by expanses of water.
(A) tortuous
(B) arable
(C) discordant
(D) antithetical
(E) discrete
@ibtil
Answer: E
@GRE_Borzabadi
In contemporary usage, continents are understood to be large, continuous, ____________ masses of land, for they are almost always separated by expanses of water.
(A) tortuous
(B) arable
(C) discordant
(D) antithetical
(E) discrete
@ibtil
Answer: E
@GRE_Borzabadi
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 19, 1397)
SELECT TWO ANSWER CHOICES.
______ though the family now may be, they continue to carry themselves in public with an air befitting their aristocratic heritage.
A. Impecunious
B. Idyllic
C. Glamorous
D. Patrimonial
E. Bucolic
F. Insolvent
@ibtil
Answer: A/F
@GRE_Borzabadi
SELECT TWO ANSWER CHOICES.
______ though the family now may be, they continue to carry themselves in public with an air befitting their aristocratic heritage.
A. Impecunious
B. Idyllic
C. Glamorous
D. Patrimonial
E. Bucolic
F. Insolvent
@ibtil
Answer: A/F
@GRE_Borzabadi
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 20, 397)
Although retired, the professor takes pains to remain _____ the latest developments in her field.
A. akimbo to
B. abreast of
C. obtuse to
D. subservient to
E. askance to
@ibtil
Answer: B
@GRE_Borzabadi
Although retired, the professor takes pains to remain _____ the latest developments in her field.
A. akimbo to
B. abreast of
C. obtuse to
D. subservient to
E. askance to
@ibtil
Answer: B
@GRE_Borzabadi
GRE Question of the Day (Khordad 21, 1397)
Newborn babies are perfectly (i) _____, as yet unable to be concerned for others, or even to understand a difference between themselves and the world around them. As young children mature, they make the (ii) ______ discovery that other people exist and have their own needs and desires—in other words, that the entire world is not about them.
Blank (i)
A. solipsistic
B. sophomoric
C. quixotic
Blank (ii)
D. arresting
E. selfish
F. undue
@ibtil
Answer: A/D
@GRE_Borzabadi
Newborn babies are perfectly (i) _____, as yet unable to be concerned for others, or even to understand a difference between themselves and the world around them. As young children mature, they make the (ii) ______ discovery that other people exist and have their own needs and desires—in other words, that the entire world is not about them.
Blank (i)
A. solipsistic
B. sophomoric
C. quixotic
Blank (ii)
D. arresting
E. selfish
F. undue
@ibtil
Answer: A/D
@GRE_Borzabadi