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The "motor knowledge" of the observer is used to
understand the observed action.' But mirror neurons are more than just the neural basis for our attitude to sport. lt turns out that watching a great golfer makes us better golfers, and watching a great sprinter actually makes us run faster. This ability to learn by watching is a crucial skill. From the acquisition of language as infants to learning facial
expressions, mimesis (copying) is an essential part of being conscious. The best athletes are those with a premotor cortex capable of imagining the movements of victory, together with the physical properties to make those movements real.
F. But how many of us regularly watch sports in order to be a better athlete? Rather, we watch sport for the feeling, the human drama. This feeling also derives from mirror neurons. By letting spectators share in the motions of victory, they also allow us to share@ibtil
in its feelings. This is because they are directly connected to the amygdale, one of the main brain regions involved in emotion. During the Olympics, the mirror neurons of whole nations MII be electrically identical, their athletes causing spectators to feel, just for a
second or MO, the same thing. Watching sports brings people together. Most of us w ill never run a mile in under four minutes, or hit a home run. Our consolation comes in watching, when we gather around the w, we all feel, just for a moment, what it is to do something perfectly.

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Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has six paragraph, A-F.

1
Which paragraph contains the following information ?
!
Write the correct letter A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

27. an explanation of why watching sport may be emotionally satisfying

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28. an explanation of why beginners find sporting tasks difficult

29. a factor that needs to combine with mirroring to attain sporting excellence

30. a comparison of human and animal mirror neurons

31. the first discovery of brain activity related to mirror neurons

32. a claim linking observation to improvement in performance

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Questions 33-35
Choose the correct letter A, 8, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.

33. The writer uses the term 'grammar of movement' to mean
A. a level of sporting skill.
B. a system of words about movement.
C. a pattern of connected cells.
D. a type of golf swing.

34. The writer states that expert players perform their actions
A. without conscious thought.
B. by planning each phase of movement.
C. without regular practice.
D. by thinking about the actions of others.

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35. The writer states that the most common motive for watching sport is to
A. improve personal performance.
B. feel linked with people of different nationalities.
c. experience strong positive emotions.
D. realize what skill consists of.
solution tell now.

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Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheer, write
YES if the statement is true
NO if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

36. Inexpert sports players are too aware of what they are doing.

37. Monkeys have a more complex mirror neurons system than humans.

38. Looking at a photograph can activate mirror neurons.

39. Gastaut and Bert were both researchers and sports players.

40. The mu system is at rest when we are engaged in an activity.

Answers:

27 F 28 B 29 E 30 C 31 D 32 E 33 C 34 A 35 c
36 YES 37 NO 38 NO 39 NOT GIVEN 40 YES

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