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💻 JavaScript Learning Series - Day 4

Topic 4: Conditional Statements in JavaScript

Conditional statements allow a program to make decisions based on whether a condition is true or false.

For example:

• Check whether a person is eligible to vote.
• Check whether a student has passed or failed.
• Verify login credentials.
• Apply discounts based on purchase amounts.

1. The if Statement

The

if

statement executes a block of code only when a condition is true.

Syntax:

if (condition) {
    // Code executes if condition is true
}

Example:

let age = 20;

if (age >= 18) {
    console.log("You are eligible to vote");
}

Output: You are eligible to vote

2. The if-else Statement

Executes one block when the condition is true and another when it is false.

let age = 16;

if (age >= 18) {
    console.log("Eligible to vote");
} else {
    console.log("Not eligible to vote");
}

Output: Not eligible to vote

3. The else-if Statement

Used when you need to check multiple conditions.

Example: Student Grading System

let marks = 85;

if (marks >= 90) {
    console.log("Grade A");
} else if (marks >= 75) {
    console.log("Grade B");
} else if (marks >= 60) {
    console.log("Grade C");
} else if (marks >= 40) {
    console.log("Grade D");
} else {
    console.log("Fail");
}

Output: Grade B

4. Nested if Statements

An

if

statement inside another

if

statement is called a nested

if

statement.

Example: Login Verification

let username = "admin";
let password = "12345";

if (username === "admin") {
    if (password === "12345") {
        console.log("Login Successful");
    } else {
        console.log("Incorrect Password");
    }
} else {
    console.log("Invalid Username");
}

Output: Login Successful

5. The switch Statement

Used when you want to compare one expression against multiple possible values.

switch (expression) {
    case value1:
        // Code
        break;

    case value2:
        // Code
        break;

    default:
        // Default code
}

Example: Day of the Week

let day = 3;

switch (day) {
    case 1:
        console.log("Monday");
        break;

    case 2:
        console.log("Tuesday");
        break;

    case 3:
        console.log("Wednesday");
        break;

    default:
        console.log("Invalid Day");
}

Output: Wednesday

Remember:

•

case

defines possible matching values.
•

break

prevents execution from falling through to the next case.
•

default

executes when no case matches.

6. Ternary Operator

A shorter way to write a simple if-else condition.

condition ? expression1 : expression2;

let age = 21;

let result = age >= 18
    ? "Adult"
    : "Minor";

console.log(result);

Output:

Adult

7. Multiple Conditions Using Logical Operators

AND (&&)

Both conditions must be true.

let age = 25;
let hasLicense = true;

if (age >= 18 && hasLicense) {
    console.log("You can drive");
}

OR (||)

At least one condition must be true.

let isWeekend = false;
let isHoliday = true;

if (isWeekend || isHoliday) {
    console.log("It's a day off");
}

NOT (!)

Reverses a Boolean condition.

let isLoggedIn = false;

if (!isLoggedIn) {
    console.log("Please log in");
}

8. Real-World Example: Online Shopping Discount

let purchaseAmount = 5000;
let discount = 0;

if (purchaseAmount >= 5000) {
    discount = 20;
} else if (purchaseAmount >= 3000) {
    discount = 10;
} else if (purchaseAmount >= 1000) {
    discount = 5;
}

let finalAmount =
    purchaseAmount - (purchaseAmount * discount / 100);

console.log("Purchase:", purchaseAmount);
console.log("Discount:", discount + "%");
console.log("Final Amount:", finalAmount);

Output:

Purchase: 5000
Discount: 20%
Final Amount: 4000

9. Types of Conditional Statements

🔹 if ➜ Checks one condition.

🔹 if-else ➜ Chooses between two possible paths.

🔹

else-if

➜ Checks multiple conditions.

🔹 Nested if ➜ Checks dependent conditions inside another condition.

🔹 switch ➜ Matches an expression against multiple possible values.

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